135 oral Breathing motion in lung: is external surface surrogate for internal structure?

2003 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. S54
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
External Surface ◽  
Oral Breathing ◽  
Breathing Motion

Effects of Recycling Ladle Lining Materials on Phase Composition and Microstructure of Al2O3-SiC-C Castable for Iron Runner

2013 ◽  
Vol 652-654 ◽  
pp. 1614-1618
Author(s):  
Yi Cui ◽  
Rong Lin Wang ◽  
Li Ren Wang ◽  
Jing Long Bu ◽  
Qian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
External Surface ◽  
Ladle Lining ◽  
Air Atmosphere

In this experiment, preparation of samples were based on original ratio of bauxite matrix Al2O3-SiC-C castable for iron tap channel, and partial bauxites of size 8-5 mm, 5-3 mm, 3-1 mm and 2O3-MgO-C ladle bricks, respectively. Effects of recycling ladle lining materials on phase composition and microstructure of Al2O3-SiC-C castable for iron runner were investigated by XRD, SEM and EDS. The results showed that new phases SiO2 and (Mg0.804Ca0.196)3Al2(SiO4)3 were formed in the castable at 1450 oC in air atmosphere, and the spherical (Mg0.804Ca0.196)3Al2(SiO4)3 was formed on external surface of recycling Al2O3-MgO-C particle. thereinto, SiC oxidation to formed SiO2 with flow pattern character was key element of the phase (Mg0.804Ca0.196)3Al2(SiO4)3 formation. The more fine and uniform of recycling Al2O3-MgO-C particles, the more spherical (Mg0.804Ca0.196)3Al2(SiO4)3 was formed in recycling Al2O3-SiC-C castable. Internal structure of theirs samples exhibited looser state with content increasing of recycling ladle lining materials.

scholarly journals XXIII. Observations on the fossil bones presented to the Royal Society by his most Serene Highness the Margrave of Anspach, &c

1794 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 407-417 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
External Surface ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fossil Bones ◽  
The Subject

The bones which are the subject of the present paper, are to be considered more in the light of incrustations than extra­neous fossils, since their external surface has only acquired a covering of crystallized earth, and little or no change has taken place in their internal structure. The earths with which bones are most commonly incrusted are the calcareous, argillaceous, and siliceous, but principally the calcareous; and this happens in two ways; one, the bones being immersed in water in which this earth is suspended; the other, water passing through masses of this earth, which it dissolves, and afterwards deposits upon bones which lie under­-neath.

Tumor Tracking Method Based on a Deformable 4D CT Breathing Motion Model Driven by an External Surface Surrogate

2014 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurora Fassi ◽  
Joël Schaerer ◽  
Mathieu Fernandes ◽  
Marco Riboldi ◽  
David Sarrut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
External Surface ◽  
Motion Model ◽  
4D Ct ◽  
Tracking Method ◽  
Model Driven ◽  
Breathing Motion ◽  
Tumor Tracking

Scanning and Transmission Microscopy of Nematocyst Batteries in Epitheliomuscular Cells of Hydra

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 410-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane A. Westfall ◽  
S. Yamataka ◽  
Paul D. Enos
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
External Surface ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Scanning Electron

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provides three dimensional details of external surface structures and supplements ultrastructural information provided by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Animals composed of watery jellylike tissues such as hydras and other coelenterates have not been considered suitable for SEM studies because of the difficulty in preserving such organisms in a normal state. This study demonstrates 1) the successful use of SEM on such tissue, and 2) the unique arrangement of batteries of nematocysts within large epitheliomuscular cells on tentacles of Hydra littoralis.Whole specimens of Hydra were prepared for SEM (Figs. 1 and 2) by the fix, freeze-dry, coat technique of Small and Màrszalek. The specimens were fixed in osmium tetroxide and mercuric chloride, freeze-dried in vacuo on a prechilled 1 Kg brass block, and coated with gold-palladium. Tissues for TEM (Figs. 3 and 4) were fixed in glutaraldehyde followed by osmium tetroxide. Scanning micrographs were taken on a Cambridge Stereoscan Mark II A microscope at 10 KV and transmission micrographs were taken on an RCA EMU 3G microscope (Fig. 3) or on a Hitachi HU 11B microscope (Fig. 4).

X-ray microtomography

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 998-999
Author(s):  
H.W. Deckman ◽  
B.F. Flannery ◽  
J.H. Dunsmuir ◽  
K.D' Amico
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tissue Structure ◽  
Individual Element ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Panoramic Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensional Images

We have developed a new X-ray microscope which produces complete three dimensional images of samples. The microscope operates by performing X-ray tomography with unprecedented resolution. Tomography is a non-invasive imaging technique that creates maps of the internal structure of samples from measurement of the attenuation of penetrating radiation. As conventionally practiced in medical Computed Tomography (CT), radiologists produce maps of bone and tissue structure in several planar sections that reveal features with 1mm resolution and 1% contrast. Microtomography extends the capability of CT in several ways. First, the resolution which approaches one micron, is one thousand times higher than that of the medical CT. Second, our approach acquires and analyses the data in a panoramic imaging format that directly produces three-dimensional maps in a series of contiguous stacked planes. Typical maps available today consist of three hundred planar sections each containing 512x512 pixels. Finally, and perhaps of most import scientifically, microtomography using a synchrotron X-ray source, allows us to generate maps of individual element.

The internal structure of medullated wool

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 388-389
Author(s):  
Leo Barish
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Wool Fiber ◽  
Guard Hair ◽  
Bright Field ◽  
Wool Fibers ◽  
Thin Skin ◽  
Air Pockets

Although most of the wool used today consists of fine, unmedullated down-type fibers, a great deal of coarse wool is used for carpets, tweeds, industrial fabrics, etc. Besides the obvious diameter difference, coarse wool fibers are often medullated.Medullation may be easily observed using bright field light microscopy. Fig. 1A shows a typical fine diameter nonmedullated wool fiber, Fig. IB illustrates a coarse fiber with a large medulla. The opacity of the medulla is due to the inability of the mounting media to penetrate to the center of the fiber leaving air pockets. Fig. 1C shows an even thicker fiber with a very large medulla and with very thin skin. This type of wool is called “Kemp”, is shed annually or more often, and corresponds to guard hair in fur-bearing animals.

High-resolution gold labeling

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 330-331
Author(s):  
James F. Hainfeld ◽  
Frederic R. Furuya ◽  
Kyra Carbone ◽  
Martha Simon ◽  
Beth Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dihydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Polypeptide Chain ◽  
External Surface ◽  
Gold Cluster ◽  
Macromolecular Complex ◽  
Gold Compound ◽  
Central Cavity ◽  
Chain Folding ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Chaperonin Groel

A recently developed 1.4 nm gold cluster has been found to be useful in labeling macromolecular sites to 1-3 nm resolution. The gold compound is organically derivatized to contain a monofunctional arm for covalent linking to biomolecules. This may be used to mark a specific site on a structure, or to first label a component and then reassemble a multicomponent macromolecular complex. Two examples are given here: the chaperonin groEL and ribosomes.Chaperonins are essential oligomeric complexes that mediate nascent polypeptide chain folding to produce active proteins. The E. coli chaperonin, groEL, has two stacked rings with a central hole ∽6 nm in diameter. The protein dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is a small protein that has been used in chain folding experiments, and serves as a model substrate for groEL. By labeling the DHFR with gold, its position with respect to the groEL complex can be followed. In particular, it was sought to determine if DHFR refolds on the external surface of the groEL complex, or whether it interacts in the central cavity.

The German Post-Critical Belief Scale: Internal and External Validity

2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Duriez ◽  
Claudia Appel ◽  
Dirk Hutsebaut
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Present Article ◽  
External Validity ◽  
German Version ◽  
Dutch Version ◽  
German Sample ◽  
Belief Scale ◽  
Internal And External Validity

Abstract: Recently, Duriez, Fontaine and Hutsebaut (2000) and Fontaine, Duriez, Luyten and Hutsebaut (2003) constructed the Post-Critical Belief Scale in order to measure the two religiosity dimensions along which Wulff (1991 , 1997 ) summarized the various possible approaches to religion: Exclusion vs. Inclusion of Transcendence and Literal vs. Symbolic. In the present article, the German version of this scale is presented. Results obtained in a heterogeneous German sample (N = 216) suggest that the internal structure of the German version fits the internal structure of the original Dutch version. Moreover, the observed relation between the Literal vs. Symbolic dimension and racism, which was in line with previous studies ( Duriez, in press ), supports the external validity of the German version.

Internal Structure of the Spanish Adaptation of the Eating Disorder Inventory-3

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Elosua ◽  
Alicia López-Jáuregui
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Order Structure ◽  
Eating Disorder Inventory ◽  
High Internal Consistency

In this study the Eating Disorder Inventory-3 was adapted to Spanish and analyzed the internal psychometric properties of the test in a clinical sample of females with eating disorders. The results showed a high internal consistency of the scores as well as high temporal stability. The factor structure of the scale composites was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis. The results supported the existence of a second-order structure beyond the psychological composites. The second-order factor showed high correlation with the factor related to eating disorders. Overall, the Spanish version of the EDI-3 showed good psychometric qualities in terms of internal consistency, temporal stability and internal structure.

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