Ammonia Volatilization in Relation to Nitrogen Nutrition of Young Braßica napus Plants Growing with Controlled Nitrogen Supply

1995 ◽  
Vol 147 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 306-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Olsen ◽  
Marie Mattßon ◽  
Jan K. Schjoerring
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Nitrogen Supply

Effect of tiller age and time of nitrogen stress on seed production of Paspalum plicatulum

1973 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Chadhokar ◽  
L. R. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Nitrogen Stress ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Final Maturation

SummaryPaspalum plicatulum was grown at Brisbane in boxes of sand receiving basal nutrients and frequent irrigation; weekly levels of ammonium nitrate application were varied according to growth and development stage.The rate of tiller appearance increased to a maximum 40–50 days after sowing and almost ceased thereafter. Tiller leaf number, survival, fertility, inflorescence branching, seeds per raceme and seed size were positively related to tiller age. Young tillers were more sensitive to variations in nitrogen supply than old tillers.Adequate nitrogen nutrition during the vegetative phase from sowing to floral initiation (93 days) increased tiller and hence inflorescence density; increased inflorescence branching was compensated by fewer seeds per raceme. Good nitrogen nutrition during the phase from floral initiation to inflorescence exsertion (142 days) increased survival of late-formed tillers and hence inflorescence density; inflorescence branching, seeds per raceme and seed size were also increased. Nitrogen stress during the final maturation phase did not affect seed yield.

Studies in citrus nutrition i. Leaf growth and composition

1956 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 248 ◽  
Author(s):  
RF Williams ◽  
CT Gates
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Citrus Grove ◽  
Four Levels

Vegetative shoots from the spring flush of an experimental citrus grove tagged and sampled on three occasions at intervals of 6 months. The effects of four cultural treatments, four levels of nitrogen supply, four combinations of stock and scion, and of time on leaf area and dry weight, and on relative and absolute contents of water, nitrogen, and phosphorus are presented and discussed. While nitrogen nutrition is still the dominant factor, the evidence strongly suggests that phosphorus nutrition has become important as a determinant of treatment effects within the experimental grove. The possible relevance of soil temperature and soil organic matter for some of the cultural treatment effects is discussed.

Di-ammonium phosphate and mono-ammonium phosphate improve canola growth when banded in a P-fixing soil compared with triple superphosphate

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Thomas ◽  
Z. Rengel
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Nutrient Distribution ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
Growth And Nutrition ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Fertiliser Use

Banding of fertiliser may restrict fixation of P by soils and thus improve P fertiliser use efficiency. Using pots that allow soil to be sectioned, we examined the effect of banding triple superphosphate (TSP), mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP), and di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) on canola (Brassica napus L. cv. 'Karoo') growth and nutrition in P-fixing soils and the pattern of nutrient distribution from these bands. After 28 days, growth of canola fertilised with MAP or DAP was greater than that of canola fertilised with TSP. Nutrient analysis of the shoots indicated that these differences in growth were most likely the result of differences in nitrogen nutrition. Movement of P was greatest from the DAP band. This was attributed to less fixation of P as a result of an increase in the pH surrounding the DAP band that reduced the fixation of P as Al or Fe phosphate. This study showed that canola grew better when fertilised with DAP or MAP; given the greater movement and availability of P and N from the DAP compared with MAP band, the DAP fertiliser would result in the best canola production in this P-fixing soil.

Spikelet development and grain yield of the wheat ear in response to applied nitrogen

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 637 ◽  
Author(s):  
EE Whingwiri ◽  
DR Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Mutual Shading ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments

Wheat plants in an irrigated field crop were fertilized with 0 (N0), 3 (N3), 10 (N10) or 30 (N30) kg nitrogen ha-1 week-1 for 10 weeks, commencing 12 days after sowing, till the flag leaf reached maturity. Nitrogen significantly increased tiller numbers, dry matter and grain yields per plant. Maximum plant size resulted from the N30 treatment, but maximum grain yields per plant from the N10 treatment. Total spikelet numbers increased with increasing nitrogen supply up to the N30 treatment, and this was due to increased rates of spikelet primordia production. Nitrogen treatments had almost no effect on the duration of spikelet primordium formation. Only two ear-bearing tillers were produced in the N10 and N30 treatments, and none in the others. Tiller apices had a similar, or in the case of the second tiller of N30 plants a 29% higher, rate of spikelet primordia formation to that of the associated main shoot, and all apices formed terminal spikelets at a similar time. The second tiller did not initiate primordia production until 25% of final spikelet numbers were present on the main shoot apex. The higher grain yield per plant in the N10 than in the N30 treatment was due largely to more grains per fertile spikelet on the tillers of N10 plants. It was speculated that the poorer performance of tillers on N30 plants was due to mutual shading of shoots and/or poorer nitrogen nutrition of the tiller apices owing to the method of nitrogen application. It was concluded that nitrogen supply affected grain yield per ear more by influencing the ability of florets to set grain than by varying spikelet number.

scholarly journals Leek hybrid yield potentional and relation on adaptation to light interception under nitrogen supply

Genetika ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-559
Author(s):  
Dubravka Savic
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Allium Porrum ◽  
Total Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Demand

We have studied the effect of nitrogen supply on growth as well as relation on adaptation to light interception of leek (Allium porrum L.,) hybrid Alita, genotype of known genetic background. During the vegetative and generative plant growth phases, besides genetic potential many factors affect their productivity. The aim was to investigate genome expression dependent on nitrogen nutrition and light interception. Nitrogen in correlation with light availability has important effect on the growth of plants and the formation of leaf area, what it is necessary for yield of dry matter. Investigation has been done in open field grown leek commercial hybrid Alita (Allium porrum L.,) to consider the way of its genotype response to correlation of light interception and nitrogen nutrition. Investigated traits are leek crop productivity, light interception and chemical analyses of plants. Leek crop productivity was determined through the dry matter production, leaf area development and light interception. Analyses of leek plants comprehended chemical determination and calculation of total nitrogen concentration, nitrogen critical concentration in dry matter, nitrogen demand and, nitrogen uptake in leek crop. Correlation among investigated parameters was assigned to comprehensive hypothetical model of growth and productivity of leek crop grown at open field.It was shown that for nitrogen uptake (Nu), nitrogen demand (ND) and total nitrogen concentration (Nt) parameters variants of mineral nutrition plays significant role (pNu=0.002; pND=0.045; pNt=0.011). Obtained results indicated that correlation of nitrogen and light interception could be used as criteria in plant breeding.

Colonization of Orchis morio protocorms by a mycorrhizal fungus: effects of nitrogen nutrition and glyphosate in modifying the responses

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 1128-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. F. Beyrle ◽  
S. E. Smith ◽  
C. M. M. Franco ◽  
R. L. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Shikimic Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Low Nitrogen

Effects of nitrogen nutrition and application of glyphosate (as Roundup™) on the interactions between protocorms of Orchis morio and a mycorrhizal Rhizoctonia species were investigated. Protocorms for all experiments were raised clonally in liquid culture. Split plates were used to separate the direct effects of composition of the media from effects mediated via the fungus. Mycorrhizal interactions, including coil formation and prolonged protocorm growth, were established when a relatively low nitrogen supply to the fungus (as NH4)2SO4) was combined with a high carbohydrate supply. Rejection of the fungus, associated with phenolic production, wall thickening, and lack of protocorm growth, was observed with high-carbon, high-nitrogen medium. Low carbohydrate supply, with either high or low nitrogen supply, was associated with breakaway parasitism, symptoms of soft rot, and lack of subsequent protocorm growth. Application of glyphosate at 0.5 or 1.0 mM had no effect on fungal growth and at 1.0 mM did not cause death of asymbiotic protocorms, but resulted in failure of mycorrhizal initiation. Coils were never formed and the fungus ramified through the tissues of the protocorms. The parasitism induced by glyphosate differed from breakaway parasitism, and there were no symptoms of soft rot. Assays for activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and for orchinol were carried out to assess the effects of the treatments on the shikimic acid pathway. Low activity of PAL and low quantities of orchinol (together with another unidentified phenolic compound) were detected in asymbiotic protocorms. Concentrations of both were increased in the presence of the fungus, but no significant differences were observed in the various symbiotic responses in the absence of glyphosate. This is the first report of the presence of orchinol in orchid protocorms. Previous work has always been carried out on tubers, which are not usually colonized by the mycorrhizal fungi. Application of glyphosate resulted in increases in both PAL activity and orchinol production. The results are discussed in the context of orchid–fungus interactions and the mechanism of glyphosate action. Key words: orchid, mycorrhiza, parasitism, cell walls, glyphosate, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), orchinol.

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