Trends in evolution of CO2 emissions in Romania and perspectives for diminishing their environmental impact

1997 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. S679-S684
Author(s):  
L Dragoş ◽  
N Scarlat ◽  
C Flueraru
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Co2 Emissions

scholarly journals The Intra-EU Value Chain: An Approach to Its Economic Dimension and Environmental Impact

Economies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Óscar Rodil-Marzábal ◽  
Hugo Campos-Romero
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Development Levels ◽  
European Economies

This paper aims to analyze the economic dimension and environmental impact of intra-EU value-added generation linked to global value chains (GVCs) through input-output analysis. For this purpose, information has been collected from TiVA (Trade in Value Added, OECD) and Eora databases for the years 2005 and 2015. From an economic perspective, the results point to a strengthening of the value-added generated within Factory Europe. From an environmental perspective, all EU28 members have reduced their exports-related impacts in intensity-emissions terms, but not all of them in the same degree. An approach to the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) has also been carried out through a panel data model. The results show a positive impact of the participation in intra-EU value chain (Factory Europe) on CO2 emissions per capita. Further, an inverted U-shaped curve for CO2 emissions is found for the period 2005–15. In this sense, European economies with lower development levels (many Eastern and Southern countries) seem to be still on the rising segment of the curve, while the more developed ones seem to be on the decreasing segment. These results highlight the need to design global monitoring and prevention mechanisms to tackle growing environmental challenges and the need to incorporate specific actions associated with the GVCs activity.

scholarly journals What Is the Environmental Impact of Wine Entering Global Value Chains? Studying the Evolution of CO2 Emissions from the Export of Spanish Denomination of Origin Wines

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1664
Author(s):  
Juan Sebastián Castillo-Valero ◽  
Inmaculada Carrasco ◽  
Marcos Carchano ◽  
Carmen Córcoles
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Wine Trade

The continuous growth of the international wine trade and the expansion of international markets is having significant commercial, but also environmental, impacts. The benefits of vineyards in terms of ecosystem service provision are offset by the increase in CO2 emissions generated by transportation. Denominations of Origin, as quality labels, emphasise a wine’s links to the terroir, where specific elements of culture and environment merge together. However, Denominations of Origin can also have differentiating elements as regards environmental performance. Drawing on an extended multiregional input–output model applied to the Spanish Denominations of Origin with the largest presence in the international wine trade, this study shows that wines with the greatest exporting tradition are those that most reduced their carbon footprint per litre of exported wine in the period 2005–2018, thus being the most environmentally efficient.

scholarly journals Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Building Materials for Green and Sustainable Development

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 5699
Author(s):  
Rosicky Methode Kalombe ◽  
Victor Tunde Ojumu ◽  
Chuks Paul Eze ◽  
Sammy Mwasaha Nyale ◽  
John Kevern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
High Alkalinity ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Minimal Environmental Impact

This study reports on formulations and conditions for producing fly ash-based geopolymers with a view to showing that the compressive strength required for construction applications can be obtained without the addition of aggregates, sand, and/or cement. It was shown in a series of experiments constituting at least 73% fly ash that a compressive strength of up to 90 MPa can be obtained depending on the curing conditions. While high alkalinity resulted in stronger materials, the results showed about 40% savings in CO2 emissions without using sand and cement. Such materials are suited for construction applications with minimal environmental impact.

scholarly journals VALORISATION OF FOREST AND AGRICULTURAL BIOMASS FOR THE SPANISH CERAMIC TILE INDUSTRY

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
David ALFONSO ◽  
Ana MEZQUITA ◽  
Eliseo MONFORT ◽  
Daniel GABALDÓN-ESTEVAN
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Ceramic Tile ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Agricultural Biomass ◽  
Impact Reduction ◽  
Biomass Resources

Since ceramic tile industry is an energy intensive industry, European ceramic companies are challenged to reduce their CO2 emissions in the medium and long-term. According the Roadmap for moving to a low-carbon economy in 2050 (European Commission, 2011) the objective is to achieve a reduction in CO2 emissions of between 34 % and 40 % by 2030, and between 83 % and 87 % by 2050. In the present paper we present a study on the viability of the incorporation of biofuels in the energy mix of the Spanish ceramic industry with the objective of (1) identifying the potential use of biomass resources, with a special focus of forest and agricultural biomass, in the manufacturing process of ceramic tile products; (2) identify in what part of the production process it can be introduced; and (3) calculate the reduced environmental impact from the manufacture of ceramic materials through a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions. In order to proceed we firstly present the relevant state of the art for the study of the use of biomass for the ceramic manufacturing process. We continue with the methodology for biomass resources evaluation and present relevant data on forest and agricultural biomass for the ceramic tile industry. We then present data on the evolution and actual energy demand of the ceramic tile industry to characterize its energy demand. And then we identify an opportunity for biomass use in a specific phase of the manufacture of ceramic products, estimating the savings of fossil fuels and the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions and therefore assessing the environmental impact reduction through the introduction of biomass in the manufacturing process of ceramic tile products.

scholarly journals Analytical Models for CO2 Emissions and Travel Time for Short-to-Medium-Haul Flights Considering Available Seats

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10401
Author(s):  
Adeline Montlaur ◽  
Luis Delgado ◽  
César Trapote-Barreira
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Environmental Footprint ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Time Perspectives ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Total Travel Time

Recently, there has been much interest in measuring the environmental impact of short-to-medium-haul flights. Emissions of CO2 are usually measured to consider the environmental footprint, and CO2 calculators are available using different types of approximations. We propose analytical models calculating gate-to-gate CO2 emissions and travel time based on the flight distance and on the number of available seats. The accuracy of the numerical results were in line with other CO2 calculators, and when applying an analytical fitting, the error of interpolation was low. The models presented the advantage with respect to other calculators of being sensitive to the number of available seats, a parameter generally not explicitly considered. Its applicability was shown in two practical examples where emissions and travel time per kilometre were calculated for several European routes in a simple and efficient manner. The model enabled the identification of routes where rail would be a viable alternative both from the emissions and total travel time perspectives.

Exergy, Exergoeconomic and Exergoenvironomic Analyses of Selected Gas Turbine Power Plants in Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Olayiwola Fagbenle ◽  
Sunday Sam Adefila ◽  
Sunday Oyedepo ◽  
Moradeyo Odunfa
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Exergy Destruction

Energy supply trends as well as environmental regulations and climate change issues have made it necessary to closely scrutinize the way energy is utilized. Efficient energy utilization thus requires paying more attention to accurate and advanced thermodynamic analysis of thermal systems. Hence, methods aimed at evaluating the performances of energy systems take into account the Energy, Environment and Economics. Therefore, the first and second law of thermodynamics combined with economics and environmental impact represents a very powerful tool for the systematic study and optimization of energy systems. In this study, a thermodynamic analysis of eleven selected gas turbine power plants in Nigeria was carried out using the first and second laws of thermodynamics, economic and environmental impact concepts. Exergetic, exergo-economic and exergo-environmental analyses were conducted using operating data obtained from the power plants to determine the exergy destruction and exergy efficiency of each major component of the gas turbine in each power plant. The exergy analysis confirmed that the combustion chamber is the most exergy destructive component compared to other cycle components as expected. The percentage exergy destruction in combustion chamber varied between 86.05 and 94.6%. Increasing the gas turbine inlet temperature (GTIT), the exergy destruction of this component can be reduced. Exergo-economic analysis showed that the cost of exergy destruction is high in the combustion chamber and by increasing the GTIT effectively decreases this cost. The exergy costing analysis revealed that the unit cost of electricity produced in the plants ranged from cents 1.88/kWh (₦2.99/kWh) to cents 5.65/kWh (₦8.98/kWh). Exergo-environmental analysis showed that the CO2 emissions varied between 100.18 to 408.78 kgCO2/MWh while cost rate of environmental impact varied from 40.18 $/h (N6, 388.62/h) to 276.97 $/h (N44, 038.23/h). The results further showed that CO2 emissions and cost of environmental impact decrease with increasing GTIT.

scholarly journals Disposal of mouth covers, masks or respirators, after they are used, to minimize the environmental impact and contages by COVID 19

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
Maria Guadalupe Hernández-Rodríguez ◽  
Laura Antonia Ortega-Chávez ◽  
Iveth Selene Caro-Escudero ◽  
Alberto Guerrero Barraza-Alvárez
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Rebound Effect ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This article addresses the problem that is being generated by the use of mouth covers, gloves and masks used as protection against covid 19. After more than a year in a pandemic, the demand and waste of these protective implements has increased exponentially, which is why it is necessary to dispose of these sanitary wastes safely, to guarantee community health and the integrity of the environment. On the contrary, improper handling of such a volume of these wastes can have a rebound effect, both on people's health and on the environment. The objective of the research is to properly dispose of these wastes, through the use of special containers for this type of waste, as well as the proposal with the government and companies that use ovens for the production of their products, so that with the necessary measures They could dispose of this type of waste as raw material for their furnaces, since these companies have standards that they comply with to regulate the Co2 emissions that they emit into the environment, and thus minimize the impact that these wastes bring to the environment.

scholarly journals A chance for reform: the environmental impact of travel for general surgery residency interviews

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Fung ◽  
Isabelle Raiche ◽  
Tyler Lamb ◽  
Nada Gawad ◽  
Andrea MacNeill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
General Surgery ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Application Process ◽  
General Surgery Residency ◽  
Alternative Structures ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Climate Crisis

Background: In light of the global climate emergency, it is worth reconsidering the current practice of medical students traveling to interview for residency positions. We sought to estimate carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions associated with travel for general surgery residency interviews in Canada, and the potential avoided emissions if interviews were restructured. Methods: An 8-item survey was constructed to collect data on cities visited, travel modalities, and costs incurred. Applicants to the University of Ottawa General Surgery Program during the 2019/20 Canadian Resident Matching Service (CaRMS) cycle were invited to complete the survey.  Potential reductions in CO2 emissions were modeled using a regionalized interview process with either one or two cities. Results: Of a total of 56 applicants, 39 (70%) completed the survey. Applicants on average visited 10 cities with a mean total cost of $4,866 (95% CI=3,995-5,737) per applicant. Mean CO2 emissions were 1.82 (95% CI=1.50-2.14) tonnes per applicant, and the total CO2 emissions by applicants was estimated to be 101.9 (95% CI=84.0 – 119.8) tonnes. In models wherein interviews are regionalized to one or two cities, emissions would be 57.9 tonnes (43.2% reduction) and 84.2 tonnes (17.4% reduction), respectively. Overall, 74.4% of respondents were concerned about the environmental impact of travel and 46% would prefer to interview by videoconference. Conclusion: Travel for general surgery residency interviews in Canada is associated with a considerable environmental impact. These findings are likely generalizable to other residency programs. Given the global climate crisis, the CaRMS application process must consider alternative structures.

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