A modern approach to the determination of expanded uncertainty in noninvasive blood oximetry

Measurement ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Cysewska-Sobusiak
Keyword(s):  
Expanded Uncertainty ◽  
Modern Approach

Development of a method for multielemental determination in water by EDXRF with radioisotopic source of 238Pu.

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo Fuentes Serrano ◽  
Juan Reinaldo Estevez Alvares ◽  
Alfredo Montero Alvarez ◽  
Ivan Pupo Gonzales ◽  
Zahily Herrero Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Expanded Uncertainty ◽  
Considerable Decrease ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Precipitation Efficiency ◽  
Method Of Determination ◽  
Sensitivity Curves ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Metrological Parameters

A method for determination of Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Hg and Pb in waters by Energy Dispersive X Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) was implemented, using a radioisotopic source of 238Pu. For previous concentration was employed a procedure including a coprecipitation step with ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDC) as quelant agent, the separation of the phases by filtration, the measurement of filter by EDXRF and quantification by a thin layer absolute method. Sensitivity curves for K and L lines were obtained respectively. The sensitivity for most elements was greater by an order of magnitude in the case of measurement with a source of 238Pu instead of 109Cd, which means a considerable decrease in measurement times. The influence of the concentration in the precipitation efficiency was evaluated for each element. In all cases the recoveries are close to 100%, for this reason it can be affirmed that the method of determination of the studied elements is quantitative. Metrological parameters of the method such as trueness, precision, detection limit and uncertainty were calculated. A procedure to calculate the uncertainty of the method was elaborated; the most significant source of uncertainty for the thin layer EDXRF method is associated with the determination of instrumental sensitivities. The error associated with the determination, expressed as expanded uncertainty (in %), varied from 15.4% for low element concentrations (2.5-5 μg/L) to 5.4% for the higher concentration range (20-25 μg/L).

scholarly journals Potentiometric Determination of Chlorate Impurities in Hypochlorite Solutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry V. Girenko ◽  
Al’ona A. Gyrenko ◽  
Nikolai V. Nikolenko
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Sodium Sulfite ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Expanded Uncertainty ◽  
Iodide Ions ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Sophisticated Equipment ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Fold Excess

The method of iodometric determination of chlorates impurities in sodium hypochlorite solutions for medical and veterinary purposes was developed. This method does not require sophisticated equipment and can be implemented directly where the solutions are used. The method is based on the different rates of interaction of ClO- and ClO3- with iodide ions depending on the acidity of the medium. We have shown that blank titration is advisable to improve the accuracy of the determination of low concentrations of chlorates in the matrix of hypochlorite which is present in excess since in this case possible systematic errors due to the presence of oxidizing impurities in the reagents are prevented. To quantify the low concentrations of chlorates, we proposed to remove 85-95% of hypochlorite ions by means of reducing their excess with sodium sulfite at pH 10.5. The solution of sodium sulfite does not require standardization before each analysis in the proposed procedure. The possibility of quantitative determination of chlorate impurities in the range of 2-50 mg/L in the presence of 50-500–fold excess of sodium hypochlorite with an error of 5% has been proved. The expanded uncertainty of chlorate determination did not exceed 0.6 mg/L.

scholarly journals Liquid Chromatographic Determination of α-Solasonine in Frozen Green Peas as an Indicator of the Presence of Nightshade Berries

2003 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Cavlovic ◽  
Mohan Mankotia ◽  
Peter Pantazopoulos ◽  
Peter M Scott
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Solanum Nigrum ◽  
Expanded Uncertainty ◽  
Method Performance ◽  
Limit Of Quantitation ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Green Peas

Abstract Nightshade berries containing glycoalkaloids can be a contaminant in green peas. Methodology was developed to detect this contamination. The glycoalkaloid α-solasonine was extracted from frozen green peas with 1% (v/v) acetic acid, cleaned up on a C18 cartridge, and determined by liquid chromatography with UV detection at 200 nm. Method performance characteristics for the determination of α-solasonine include linearity from 140 to 1500 ng injected (r = 0.9996–0.9999); recovery ranging from 68 to 79%; limit of quantitation (LOQ) = 4.5 ppm (280 ng standard), and limit of detection = 0.64 ppm (40 ng standard). At the LOQ, the expanded uncertainty at 95% confidence was 0.38 × the reported value. The method was applied to the detection of α-solasonine in frozen green peas in a 2-year study of 60 samples of frozen green peas from Ontario, Canada. None of the samples contained α-solasonine. No unripe berries of Solanum nigrum were detected visually in the samples.

scholarly journals IAPSO Standard Seawater: Definition of the Uncertainty in the Calibration Procedure, and Stability of Recent Batches

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1785-1799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheldon Bacon ◽  
Fred Culkin ◽  
Nigel Higgs ◽  
Paul Ridout
Keyword(s):  
Reference Material ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Conductivity Ratio ◽  
Coverage Factor ◽  
Expanded Uncertainty ◽  
Significant Variability ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Standard seawater (SSW) has been employed by oceanographers as a reference material in the determination of salinity for over a century. In all that time, this is the first study to determine the uncertainty of the SSW manufacturing process. SSW is calibrated in reference to carefully prepared solutions of potassium chloride (KCl). All uncertainties in the preparation and measurement of KCl solutions and of new SSW are calculated. The expanded uncertainty of the SSW conductivity ratio is found to be 1 × 10−5, based on a coverage factor of 2, at the time of manufacture. There is no discernible “within batch” variability. No significant variability of quality within or between batches of KCl is found. Measurement of SSW “offsets” from the label conductivity ratio as long as 5 yr after the SSW batch manufacture are reported, and no significant change in label conductivity ratio for SSW batches P130 through P144 outside the expanded uncertainty of 1 × 10−5 is found. This last result is in contrast to some other studies, and herein are suggestions as to why this may be the case.

Volumetric Gas Flow Standard With Uncertainty of 0.02% to 0.05%

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 1058-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Wright ◽  
Michael R. Moldover ◽  
Aaron N. Johnson ◽  
Akisato Mizuno
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Equilibration Time ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Expanded Uncertainty ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Measured Time ◽  
High Flows

A new pressure, volume, temperature, and time (PVTt) primary gas flow standard for calibrating flowmeters has an expanded uncertainty k=2 of between 0.02% and 0.05%. The standard diverts a steady flow into a collection tank of known volume during a measured time interval. The standard spans the flow range of 1 slm1 to 2000 slm using two collection tanks (34 L and 677 L) and two flow diversion systems. We describe the novel features of the standard and analyze its uncertainty. The thermostatted collection tank allows determination of the average gas temperature to 7 mK (0.0023%) within an equilibration time of 20 min. We developed a mass cancellation procedure that reduced the uncertainty contributions from the inventory volume to 0.017% at the highest flow rate. Flows were independently measured throughout the overlapping flow range of the two systems and they agreed within 0.015 %. The larger collection system was evaluated at high flows by comparing single and double diversions; the maximum difference was 0.0075%.

Modern approach to myocardial infarction: Determination of prognosis and therapy

1981 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Rackley ◽  
Richard O. Russell ◽  
John A. Mantle ◽  
William J. Rogers ◽  
Silvio E. Papapietro
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Modern Approach

scholarly journals A PRIVATE MODEL OF INDEX IS A HINDRANCE OF STABILITY OF THE STATION OF ACCOMPANIMENT OF AIM OF ZENITHAL ROCKET COMPLEX OF SHORTER-RANGE

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-66
Author(s):  
V. Kudryashov ◽  
A. Artemenko ◽  
O. Kolomiitsev ◽  
R. Oliynik ◽  
Y. Zhivetc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Partial Model ◽  
Informative Parameters ◽  
Location Channel ◽  
Radio Location ◽  
Mathematical Design

Protecting from the action of radio of hindrances on the elements of zenithal rocket complex of shorter-range is one of important problems, that requires modern approach for her decision. Presently, influence of active hindrances is certain yet not enough on possibilities of armament on the defeat of air aims. In the article the analysis of influence of hindrances of different closeness is conducted on the station of accompaniment of aims of fighting machine of zenithal rocket complex shorter-range. The partial model of determination of index is offered hindrance of stability of the station of accompaniment of aim of zenithal rocket complex of shorter-range. The brought partial model over allows an analytical method to conduct the evaluation of values of conditional hit of model aim probabilities under various conditions. Mathematical calculations are conducted for: amplification of aerial of accompaniment of aim of fighting machine and aerials factors hindrance of producer; powers of hindrances on the entrance of accompaniment of aim of fighting machine; to the maximum sensitiveness of accompaniment of aim of fighting machine and relations hindrance/noise in the radio-location channel of accompaniment of aim; standard deviation of error of aiming of rocket depending on distance to the point of meeting of rocket with an aim in the zone of defeat taking into account influence of hindrances on the radio-location channel of accompaniment of aim of fighting machine; probabilities of passing of rocket in the «tube» of the set radius and conditional hit of aim probability at firing by one rocket; coefficient of зпомеха stability of accompaniment of aim of fighting machine; to conditional hit of aim probability hindrance of producer at firing by two rockets. On the accepted entry informative parameters and technical descriptions of accompaniment of aim of fighting machine certainly her maximum sensitiveness and relation hindrance/noise in this radio-location channel. On results mathematical calculations (mathematical design) corresponding charts that over is brought are got. From charts it is possible to define high efficiency of firing rockets on a model (air) aim.

scholarly journals Modern approaches to the treatment of chronic polypous rhinosinusitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Anastasiia V. Bairashevskaia ◽  
Olesya V. Kytko ◽  
Yuriy L. Vasil`ev ◽  
Artem D. Kashtanov
Keyword(s):  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Optimal Path ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Endoscopic Examination ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Otolaryngological Diseases

Introduction: Today, chronic polypous rhinosinusitis (CPR) occupies a special place among otolaryngological diseases, the incidence rate of which increases every year. To date, the main causes of chronic polypous rhinosinusitis are Staphylococcus aureus and anatomical abnormalities. Diagnostics: Knowledge of a universal algorithm for the diagnosis of this disease, consisting of the collection of anamnesis, endoscopic examination of the nasal cavity, computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses, anterior active rhinomanometry and bacteriological determination of the microbial spectrum, allows diagnosing chronic polyposis rhinosinusitis in time, and, as a consequence, to prescribe a treatment. Treatment: This review describes conservative therapies, including antibiotics and glucocorticosteroids. Today, the main task of doctors is to find the most effective method of administration of glucocorticosteroids to achieve the maximum effect. One of these methods is the introduction of the drug with the help of nebulizer, as in this case, the drug will remain in the perirhinal cavity for a long time and have the maximum effect due to the directed action only in the area of the pathological process. Features of chronic polypous rhinosinusitis in childhood: It should be noted that children under 12 years of age due to the formation of the paranasal sinuses at different stages of ontogenesis will be characterized by different forms of chronic polyposis rhinosinusitis. That is why they should be known and taken into account when making a diagnosis and prescribing a treatment. Conclusion: Today, the frequency of chronic rhinosinusitis increases exponentially, which makes the question of the modern approach to its treatment the most relevant. It is possible that additional research in this area will solve the issue of searching for both the optimal path of therapy and treatment of CPR in children.

scholarly journals More on the Modern Approach to Diagnostics and Treatment of Spleen Trauma in Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-173
Author(s):  
G. N. Rumyantseva ◽  
A. N. Kazakov ◽  
S. I. Volkov ◽  
A. A. Yusufov ◽  
Y. F. Brevdo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Service ◽  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Priority Direction ◽  
Fall From Height ◽  
Spleen Trauma ◽  
Local Protocol

 Today, the problem of spleen injury in children still appears relevant. The choice of diagnostics and treatment tactics at the present stage is far from being unified. The priority direction is the organ-preserving approach, which  is possible and justified in children, which significantly reduces surgical  aggression and prevents the likelihood of negative consequences of splenectomy. The choice of the optimal diagnostic method and  determination of safe treatment tactics was the purpose of our study. Thirty-nine injured children were treated in 2007–2019. The predominant cause of spleen injury was fall from height (64.1%). Echography was the main diagnostic method, which was performed around the clock. Splenectomy  was performed in 7 patients (17.9%), in 32 children (82.1%) the organ was preserved. One case (2.6%) was fatal. The analysis of our own results showed that the widespread use of echography, particularly by surgeons, is necessary in the emergency service and greatly simplifies the work. The developed local protocol for diagnosis and treatment is simple and accessible, since it is based on the interpretation of the main criteria, such as systemic hemodynamics and hemoperitoneum. Continued bleeding reasons diagnostic laparoscopy. With unstable hemodynamics, large hemoperitoneum, laparotomy is indicated.

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