Experimental study of high rate pond system treating piggery wastewater

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Piggery Wastewater ◽  
Pond System

Experimental study of high rate pond system treating piggery wastewater

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baozhen Wang ◽  
Wenyi Dong ◽  
Jinlan Zhang ◽  
Xiangdong Cao
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Piggery Wastewater ◽  
Hydraulic Flow ◽  
Pond System ◽  
Economic Analyses

The results of an experimental study conducted in a full-scale high rate pond system treating piggery wastewater at Jianfengshan Piggery, Panyu City, Guandong Province, are presented. The system consists of two advanced anaerobic ponds (AAP) in parallel, followed by an anaerobic transformation pond (ATP) and a five-cell algae-bacterial pond (ABP). The mechanism of the AAP is described and the hydraulic flow pattern analyzed. Fermentation pits (FP) built on the bottom performed very efficiently, operating like UASB in principle. A new concept of ATP is advanced, based on its ability to transform poorly degradable materials to more easily degradable ones. It was found in the study that the HRP system was more efficient, more reliable and saved 40% land area compared with a conventional pond system. Economic analyses of both the energy consumption and the benefit to the pond system of fish farming are also included in the paper.

A Study of the Performance of a High-Rate Photosynthetic Pond System

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 237-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Pinheiro ◽  
M. T. Reis ◽  
J. M. Novais
Keyword(s):  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Purple Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
Residence Times ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Pond System ◽  
Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
Colour Changes ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Colour changes and other marked disturbances were observed at a high-rate photosynthetic pond system at Alcochete, Portugal. Previous chemical and microbiological tests made it possible to attribute these occurrences to the proliferation of purple sulfur bacteria, following the probable production of sulfide inside the ponds by sulfate-reducing bacteria. Results from more recent tests and observations are presented, which confirm the earlier conclusions, in addition to revealing a number of inadequacies in the ponds chosen operating conditions, which are in all probability at the origin of the observed disturbances. Corrective actions planned include a more efficient mixing of pond contents, the strict prevention of contamination with salty estuarine waters and the control of residence times and bottom sludge accumulation.

scholarly journals Modeling and Experimental Study of a Remote Microwave Plasma Source for High‐Rate Etching

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Pauly ◽  
Andreas Schulz ◽  
Matthias Walker ◽  
Moritz Gorath ◽  
Klaus Baumgärtner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Plasma Source ◽  
High Rate

Localization of Intracranial Lesions Using Superficial Stereotaxic Cranial Lesion Locator Based on Magnetic Resonance Images

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-85
Author(s):  
Ahmet Gökyar ◽  
Cengiz Cokluk
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Lesion Detection ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Lesion Location ◽  
The Brain

Background. Detection of a deep-seated lesion located in the brain parenchyma and major neuroanatomical sites is a critical issue in neurosurgery. Some neurosurgical cranial navigation systems have been developed that are available; however, some preparation is necessary, including the installation of complex computer software programs and obtaining specific neuroradiological images. Objective. The purpose of this experimental study was to design and evaluate a superficial stereotaxic frameless lesion locator in order to localize mass lesions within the brain. Methods. A superficial stereotaxic frameless lesion locator system was designed using cardboard and the Cartesian coordinate system as a reference framework. This material was used in a model creating printed magnetic resonance images in the superficially marking of the lesion. This material easily located the lesion placement and superficially projected the lesion location. Results. The results of this study revealed that the superficial stereotaxic frameless lesion location procedure using a coordinate cardboard locator is a safe, fast, and simple procedure. This procedure provides an accurate means of locating the target lesion seated within the brain parenchyma. When compared with other models, we found that this device is reliable and has a high rate of superficial lesion detection. Conclusion. A superficial lesion locator may be used in clinical practice. This experimental study demonstrated the usability and reliability of the procedure. Additional detailed investigations are necessary to improve the procedure.

Experimental study on influence of temperature and C-rate of discharge on performance of in-house fabricated 30Ah Li-ion prismatic cell made with LFP and MCMB

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
T. V. S. L. Satyavani ◽  
Mathiyazhagan Senthilkumar ◽  
G. Dharma Prasad Rao ◽  
Navneet Kumar ◽  
Adapaka Srinivas Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Li Ion

Abstract Experimental study was carried out to quantify the influence of temperature and different C-rate of discharge on in-house fabricated Lithium-ion (Li-ion) cell. 30Ah Li-ion cell is made of Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) cathode and Meso Carbon Micro Beads (MCMB) anode in prismatic configuration. Capability of Li-ion cell is defined by discharge capacity, voltage & power at different C-rate of discharge. Influence of 4 different current rates (C/5, C/2, 1C & 2C) at 5 different temperatures (−20, 0, 20, 40 and 60 °C) were studied. High discharge rate increases current density of cell which affect mass transport at electrode surface and electrolyte. Increased ohmic and concentration polarization at high rate of discharge decrease the original capacity. Average discharge voltage of cell is reduced gradually as operating temperature drop to below 20 °C. Electrochemical Impedance (EI) were measured on Li-ion cell in different frequency domain at different temperatures (−20, 0, 20 and 60 °C). The obtained impedance spectra were examined with an equivalent circuit using Zman software. The ohmic and charge transfer resistance displayed a solid dependence with respect to temperature.

Interviewer–respondent Interactions in Conversational and Standardized Interviewing

Field Methods ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicitas Mittereder ◽  
Jen Durow ◽  
Brady T. West ◽  
Frauke Kreuter ◽  
Frederick G. Conrad
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Response Accuracy ◽  
Main Study ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Administration Time ◽  
The Face

Standardized interviewing (SI) and conversational interviewing are two approaches to collect survey data that differ in how interviewers address respondent confusion. This article examines interviewer–respondent interactions that occur during these two techniques, focusing on requests for and provisions of clarification. The data derive from an experimental study in Germany, where the face-to-face interviews were audio-recorded. A sample of 111 interviews was coded in detail. We find that conversational interviewers do make use of the ability to clarify respondent confusion. Although the technique improved response accuracy in the main study compared to SI, conversational interviewers seem to provide clarifications even when there is no evidence of respondent confusion. This may lengthen administration time and potentially increase data collection costs. Conversational interviewers also employ neutral probes, which are generally associated with standardized interviews, at an unexpectedly high rate. We conclude with suggestions for practice and directions for future research.

scholarly journals Inactivation of indicator organisms in wastewater treated by a high rate algal pond system

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 577-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Young ◽  
N. Buchanan ◽  
H. J. Fallowfield
Keyword(s):  
High Rate ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Pond System

Some wheres and whys in bilingual codeswitching: Directionality, motivation and locus of codeswitching in Russian-Hebrew bilingual children

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 629-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rina Raichlin ◽  
Joel Walters ◽  
Carmit Altman
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Lexical Access ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Mixed Language ◽  
Children's Speech ◽  
At Home

Aims and objectives: Differences in directionality, motivations and locus of codeswitching have been reported for children’s codeswitching, but these constructs have not been subjected to experimental study in order to examine how they may interact. This study investigated these variables in bilingual preschool children’s codeswitching. Methodology: Thirty-two Russian-Hebrew bilingual children (mean age 6;3) performed two tasks: Retelling of narratives manipulated for setting/topic and listener and Conversation with a bilingual adult. Retelling conditions included a Russian story retold to a Hebrew-speaking puppet, a Hebrew story retold to a Russian speaking puppet and a Mixed language story retold to a bilingual puppet. The Conversation task involved responses to questions in Russian, Hebrew and codeswitched speech about holidays and activities at home and in preschool. Data and Analysis: All children’s speech was audio recorded and transcribed using CHILDES conventions for data transcription. Codeswitched utterances were coded for the following: Directionality (Hebrew-to-Russian/Russian-to-Hebrew); Motivation (psycholinguistic/sociopragmatic); and Locus (intra-utterance/cross-speaker). Results: Overall children produced more codeswitching from Russian to Hebrew and did so more for psycholinguistic motivations (to maintain fluency or to overcome difficulties in lexical access). Originality: High rates of codeswitching occurred in this study, ranging from 15% to 22% for Conversation and Retelling, respectively (calculated as codeswitched instances per utterance). This high rate may be attributed to the experimental nature of the tasks, which intended to elicit codeswitching in children’s speech. Significance: Drawing from Green and Wei’s processing model, findings regarding directionality and motivation are discussed in terms of connectivity and activation.

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