Time Course of Enzyme Changes After a Switch From a High-Fat to a Low-Fat Diet

AbstractIn patients with short bowel syndrome, an elevated pre-resection Body Mass Index may be protective of post-resection body composition. We hypothesized that rats with diet-induced obesity would lose less lean body mass after undergoing massive small bowel resection compared to non-obese rats. Rats (CD IGS; age = 2 mo; N = 80) were randomly assigned to either a high-fat (obese rats) or a low-fat diet (non-obese rats), and fed ad lib for six months. Each diet group then was randomized to either underwent a 75% distal small bowel resection (massive resection) or small bowel transection with re-anastomosis (sham resection). All rats then were fed ad lib with an intermediate-fat diet (25% of total calories) for two months. Body weight and quantitative magnetic resonance-determined body composition were monitored. Preoperative body weight was 884 ± 95 versus 741 ± 75 g, and preoperative percent body fat was 35.8 ± 3.9 versus 24.9 ± 4.6%; high-fat vs. low fat diet, respectively (p < 0.0001); preoperative diet type had no effect on lean mass. Regarding total body weight, massive resection produced an 18% versus 5% decrease in high-fat versus low-fat rats respectively, while sham resection produced a 2% decrease vs. a 7% increase, respectively (p < 0.0001, preoperative vs. necropsy data). Sham resection had no effect on lean mass; after massive resection, both high-fat and low-fat rats lost lean mass, but these changes were not different between the latter two rat groups. The high-fat diet and low-fat diet induced obesity and marginal obesity, respectively. The massive resection produced greater weight loss in high-fat rats compared to low-fat rats. The type of dietary preconditioning had no effect on lean mass loss after massive resection. A protective effect of pre-existing obesity on lean mass after massive intestinal resection was not demonstrated.

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Abstract 480: Exacerbation of Arterial Stiffness in Obese Adiponectin Deficient Mice

Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology ◽

10.1161/atvb.35.suppl_1.480 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 35 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Megha Murali ◽

Carla Taylor ◽

Peter Zahradka ◽

Jeffrey Wigle

Keyword(s):

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Pulse Wave Velocity ◽

Wave Velocity ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

High Fat ◽

Low Fat ◽

Low Fat Diet ◽

High Fat Diets ◽

Fat Diets

Background and Objective: Arterial stiffness is recognized as being an independent predictor of incipient vascular disease associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. In obese subjects, the decrease in the plasma level of adiponectin, an anti-diabetic and anti-atherogenic adipokine, is well known. Hence the aim of our study was to examine the effect of loss of adiponectin on the development of arterial stiffness in response to a high fat diet. Methods and Results: Male 8-week old adiponectin knockout (APN KO) and C57BL/6 (control) mice were fed a high fat diet (60% Calories from fat) for 12 weeks to induce obesity and insulin resistance (n=10/group). APN KO and C57BL/6 mice were fed a low fat diet (10% Calories from fat) and used as lean controls (n=10/group). After 12 weeks on the high fat diet, the APN KO mice weighed significantly more than the C57BL/6 mice (45.1±1.3 g vs 40.1±1.1 g, p=0.0008) but there was no difference in the final weights between genotypes fed the low fat diet. APN KO mice on both high and low fat diets for 12 weeks developed insulin resistance as measured by oral glucose tolerance test (Area under curve (AUC) mmol/L х min = 437±70 and 438±57) as compared to the C57BL/6 mice fed low or high fat diets (AUC mmol/L х min = 251±27 and 245±43). Arterial stiffness was determined by Doppler pulse wave velocity analysis of the femoral artery. Pulse wave velocity was increased in APN KO mice fed a high fat diet relative to those fed the low fat diet (12.56±0.78 cm/s vs 9.47±0.95 cm/s, p=0.0035; n=8-10). Pulse wave velocity was not different between C57BL/6 control mice on the low or high fat diets (10.63±0.73 cm/s and 10.86±0.50 cm/s), thus revealing that only mice deficient in adiponectin developed arterial stiffness in response to high fat diet. Conclusions: Potentiation of the vascular stiffness in diet-induced obese APN KO mice indicates that adiponectin has a role in modulating vascular structure and the APN KO mouse models the vascular changes that occur in human obesity and metabolic disorders. Morphometric analysis of the aortic tissues for vessel thickness and expression of extracellular proteins will further validate the potential role of adiponectin on the maintenance of arterial elasticity in addition to its known effect on eNOS mediated vasoprotection.

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Influence of gender on OVA-induced airway inflammation in C57/B6J mice on a high-fat diet

European Journal of Inflammation ◽

10.1177/2058739218760946 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

pp. 205873921876094 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gang Yu ◽

Lili Zhu ◽

Haiyan Li ◽

Youyou Shao ◽

Lei Chong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Male Mice ◽

High Fat ◽

Low Fat ◽

Control Male ◽

Low Fat Diet ◽

Asthma Group

Overweight/obesity has been suggested as a risk factor for asthma development, and prospective studies have confirmed that high body weight precedes asthma symptoms. However, the nature of the association between overweight/obese status and asthma remains unclear. Animal models of obesity-related asthma are very useful for understanding disease pathophysiology. Although C57/B6J mice are the most widely used animal model for researching obesity-related asthma, gender differences are not always taken into consideration. Therefore, to explore the effect of gender on the development of obesity-related asthma, both female and male C57/B6J mice were used in this study. The mice were fed with a high-fat diet or a low-fat diet as control. Body weight, body length, liver weight, and Lee’s Index were used to evaluate obesity status, and lung histology, lung inflammatory cells infiltration, and inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were examined for asthma evaluation. We found that the mean body weight of male mice on a high-fat diet gradually increased and was significantly higher than control male mice on a low-fat diet ( P < 0.01), while no significant differences were found between female mice at the end of 12 weeks of feeding. Furthermore, the obese asthma group female and male mice exhibited significantly high inflammatory cells infiltration than normal weight or obese female and male mice ( P < 0.01). However, the obese asthma group presented higher Neu infiltration, Th1 cytokine, and interferon gamma (IFNγ) concentrations in BALF than the asthma group in both the genders ( P < 0.01). In conclusion, both female and male mice are suitable for the obesity-related asthma model, although male mice might be more stable. Besides, obesity-related asthma is not Th2 type asthma.

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SERUM LIPID PROFILE;

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2008.15.04.2863 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 15 (04) ◽

pp. 500-507

Author(s):

MUHAMMAD ANWAR BURIRO ◽

MUHAMMAD TAYYAB

Keyword(s):

Sunflower Oil ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Serum Lipid ◽

Nigella Sativa ◽

Albino Rats ◽

High Fat ◽

Low Fat ◽

Control Groups ◽

Low Fat Diet ◽

Lipid Fractions

Objective: To determine the effects of Nigella sativa and sunflower oil diet intake on serum lipid profile in albino rats. Material& Methods: Eighty four albino rats with equal number of males and females were selected for the study, they were divided into six differentgroups, Control groups1,111,V,were given low fat diet(3%),high fat diet(20%), high fat diet supplemented with bile salt (1% colic acid) andantithyroid drug (0.5% propylthiouracil). The Experimental groups were given the above diets with supplemented Nigella sativa. Low fat dietincreased all the lipid fractions significantly when given at12 and 24 weeks duration as compared to 0 week. Results: The high fat diet whengiven at different intervals decreased all lipid fractions significantly as compared to baseline level. The high fat diet with propylthiouracil andbile salt also increased all the lipid fractions and the increase was more as compared to previous groups. The supplements of Nigella sativain the groups decreased all the lipid fractions significantly as compared to the control groups except HDL-c, which was significantly increasedin all the experimental groups as compared to control groups. Conclusion: On the basis of these findings conclusions are made, that Nigellasativa has got TG,TC, and LDL-c lowering and HDL-c raising effects.3% sunflower oil low fat diet has got TG,TC,HDL-c, and LDL-c raisingeffects.20% sunflower oil high fat diet has got TG,TC,HDL-c and LDL-c lowering effects. Both Nigella sativa and sunflower oil have got lowatherogenic index (TC/HDL) and may be recommended in hyperlipidaemic patients or normal individuals.

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Dietary Folic Acid and Fat Alter Metabolism of Multiple Vitamins in Mice

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa067_005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1778-1778

Author(s):

Keri Barron ◽

Natalia Krupenko

Keyword(s):

Folic Acid ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Vitamin B6 ◽

High Fat ◽

Low Fat ◽

Funding Sources ◽

Low Fat Diet ◽

High Fat Diets ◽

Fat Diets

Abstract Objectives To determine how low and high folic acid (FA) intake, combined with either low or high-fat diets, affects other vitamins in mouse liver and plasma. Methods C57BL/6NHsd mice were placed on one of six diets at weaning and maintained for 16 weeks. The diets varied in their fat content and FA levels: low fat (14% kcal from fat) vs high fat (58% kcal from fat) with 3 different FA levels- 0 ppm FA (FD), 2 ppm FA (Ctrl), 12 ppm (FS). Diets were matched for all other vitamins and minerals. Untargeted metabolomics analysis of plasma and snap-frozen liver samples was conducted at Metabolon®. Results In liver, excess dietary folic acid on a low-fat diet resulted in significantly increased levels of pantothenate, α-tocopherol, FA and several folate metabolites. When FA was over-supplemented in combination with a high fat (HF) diet, α-tocopherol was increased along with several nicotinate and pantothenate metabolites. Interestingly, the HF-FD and -FS diets demonstrated similar effects. These diets resulted in significantly decreased levels of riboflavin, thiamine, vitamin A, and vitamin B6 metabolites while increasing levels of pantetheine metabolites. In plasma, fewer changes with significant differences were observed when mice were fed HF diets. Several nicotinate metabolites were significantly elevated due to the FD diet with no change due to FS. Additionally, there were no changes in pantothenate or riboflavin in the plasma. Interestingly, the HF- FD and -FS diets induced similar responses but in opposite directions in plasma vs liver. The plasma levels of thiamine, vitamin A, and vitamin B6 metabolites were all significantly increased due to both low and high FA, whereas in the liver they were decreased. Additionally, no changes in α-tocopherol were seen in plasma, but the HF-FD diet raised γ/β-tocopherol levels over 2-fold despite equal amounts of vitamin E among all diets. Conclusions Untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that diets with too high or too low folate affect other vitamins both in liver and plasma. These effects were further modulated by dietary fat levels. The HF-FD and -FS diets had significant impact on vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9 and E, along with their related derivatives, which may have serious implications for multiple metabolic pathways. Funding Sources NIH.

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Whole body insulin sensitivity in Osborne-Mendel and S 5B/Pl rats eating a low- or high-fat diet

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1992.263.4.r785 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 263 (4) ◽

pp. R785-R789 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

T. A. Buchanan ◽

J. S. Fisler ◽

S. Underberger ◽

G. F. Sipos ◽

G. A. Bray

Keyword(s):

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Whole Body ◽

High Fat ◽

Low Fat ◽

Low Fat Diet ◽

High Fat Diets ◽

Glucose Clearance ◽

Fat Diets ◽

Fat Feeding

To determine whether whole body insulin sensitivity differs between a rat strain that does not (S 5B/Pl) and a strain that does [Osborne-Mendel (OM)] become obese when eating a high-fat diet, we performed euglycemic clamp studies in animals from each strain during low- and high-fat feeding. Clamps were performed after 2 days ("initial clamp") and 9 days ("final clamp") on each diet. Plasma glucose and insulin levels during the final 60 min of initial and final clamps were similar in S 5B/Pl and OM rats regardless of diet. Insulin sensitivity, measured as the glucose clearance rate during the final 60 min of the clamp, averaged 35 +/- 3 ml.kg-1.min-1 in S 5B/Pl rats after 2 days on a low-fat diet. This did not change significantly during an additional 7 days on the low-fat diet. The high-fat diet was associated with a 13% reduction in insulin sensitivity after 2 days and a 30% reduction after 9 days in S 5B/Pl rats. OM rats exhibited similar patterns of insulin sensitivity during low- and high-fat diets, albeit at lower insulin sensitivity overall (P < 0.0005 vs. S 5B/Pl). Mean glucose clearance after 2 days on the low-fat diet was 27 +/- 2 mg.kg-1.min-1 and did not change significantly during seven more days of low-fat feeding. The high-fat diet was associated with a 19% reduction in glucose clearance after 2 days and a 38% reduction after 9 days in OM rats. The magnitude of reduction in insulin sensitivity during high-fat diets did not differ significantly between strains.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Herring Milt and Herring Milt Protein Hydrolysate Reduce Weight Gain and Improve Insulin Sensitivity and Pancreatic Beta-Cell Function in Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa063_097 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1699-1699

Author(s):

Yanwen Wang ◽

Sandhya Nair ◽

Jacques Gagnon

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Cell Function ◽

Protein Hydrolysate ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

High Fat ◽

Low Fat ◽

Insulin Resistant ◽

Low Fat Diet ◽

Dietary Casein

Abstract Objectives The present study was designed to examine the effect of herring milt dry powder (HMDP) on glucose homeostasis and related metabolic phenotypes and compare its efficacy with herring milt protein hydrolysate (HMPH) in diet-induced obese and insulin resistant mice. Methods Male C57BL/6 J mice were pretreated with a high-fat diet for 7 weeks were divided into 3 groups where one group continued on the high-fat diet and used as the obese and insulin resistant control (HFC) and the other two groups were fed a modified HFC diet where 70% of casein was replaced with an equal percentage of protein derived from HMDP or HMPH. A group of mice fed a low-fat diet all the time was used as the normal or low-fat control (LFC). Body weight was obtained weekly and food intake was recorded daily. Semi-fating (4–6 hr) blood glucose was measured every other week using a glucometer using the blood from tail vein. Oral glucose tolerance was measured twice during weeks 5 and 9, respectively, and insulin tolerance was determined during week 7 of the treatment. At the end of the experiment, serum was obtained following overnight fasting for the measurement of fasting insulin, leptin, free fatty acids and lipids as well as other glucose metabolism-related biomarkers. Results During the 9-week treatment period, mice on the high-fat diet maintained significantly higher body weight and semi-fasting blood glucose levels and exhibited impaired oral glucose tolerance and insulin resistance relative to mice on the low-fat diet. At the end of the study, the analysis of fasting blood samples revealed that mice on the high-fat diet had increases in serum insulin, leptin, free fatty acids and cholesterol levels. Mice fed the high-fat diet also showed an increase in insulin resistance index and a decrease in β-cell function index. Compared to mice on the high-fat diet, the 70% replacement of dietary casein with an equal percentage of protein derived from HMDP or HMPH reversed or markedly improved these parameters, and HMDP and HMPH showed similar effects. Conclusions The results demonstrate that replacing dietary casein with the same amount of protein derived from either HMDP or HMPH prevents and improves high-fat-diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Funding Sources Atlantic Canada Opportunity Agency through the Atlantic Innovation Fund grant (no. 193,594) and National Research Council of Canada – NHP program.

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Effect of stevia on the gut microbiota and glucose tolerance in a murine model of diet-induced obesity

FEMS Microbiology Ecology ◽

10.1093/femsec/fiaa079 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 96 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sarah L Becker ◽

Edna Chiang ◽

Anna Plantinga ◽

Hannah V Carey ◽

Garret Suen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Glucose Intolerance ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

High Fat ◽

Low Fat ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Low Fat Diet ◽

Taxonomic Groups ◽

Induced Changes

ABSTRACT Artificial sweeteners have been shown to induce glucose intolerance by altering the gut microbiota; however, little is known about the effect of stevia. Here, we investigate whether stevia supplementation induces glucose intolerance by altering the gut microbiota in mice, hypothesizing that stevia would correct high fat diet-induced glucose intolerance and alter the gut microbiota. Mice were split into four treatment groups: low fat, high fat, high fat + saccharin and high fat + stevia. After 10 weeks of treatment, mice consuming a high fat diet (60% kcal from fat) developed glucose intolerance and gained more weight than mice consuming a low fat diet. Stevia supplementation did not impact body weight or glucose intolerance. Differences in species richness and relative abundances of several phyla were observed in low fat groups compared to high fat, stevia and saccharin. We identified two operational taxonomic groups that contributed to differences in beta-diversity between the stevia and saccharin groups: Lactococcus and Akkermansia in females and Lactococcus in males. Our results demonstrate that stevia does not rescue high fat diet-induced changes in glucose tolerance or the microbiota, and that stevia results in similar alterations to the gut microbiota as saccharin when administered in concordance with a high fat diet.

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Methionine Restriction Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Gut-Brain Axis Circadian Rhythm Disorders and Cognitive Impairments (P08-052-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz044.p08-052-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Luanfeng Wang ◽

Bo Ren ◽

Zhigang Liu ◽

Xuebo Liu

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Circadian Rhythm ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Cognitive Impairments ◽

High Fat ◽

Low Fat ◽

Low Fat Diet ◽

Methionine Restriction ◽

Junction Protein ◽

Circadian Rhythm Disorders

Abstract Objectives Methionine restriction (MR) has emerged as a promising dietary restriction on metabolic syndrome as its beneficial effects on increasing metabolic flexibility and up-regulating mitochondrial function. The circadian clock directs many aspects of metabolism and macronutrients can function as zeitgebers for the clock in a tissue-specific way. It has been demonstrated that high-fat diet could alter daily oscillations via gut-brain axis. We hypothesis that MR is a new strategy could reverse the high-fat diet induced circadian rhythm disorders and cognitive impairments. Methods 3 month-old male C57BL/6 J mice were assigned to four groups based on diet: low-fat diet (0.86% methionine), low-fat diet with MR(0.17% methionine), high-fat diet, and high-fat diet with MR. After 8 weeks treatment, we employed behavioral test, transmission electron microscope, and 16S rDNA sequencing to evaluate cognitive function, rhythmic variation and the interconnection between gut microbiota and central nervous system. Results MR diminished HFD-induced body weight gain and restored the glucose tolerance at ZT0 (light phase) and ZT12 (dark phase). The neuroprotective effects of MR were connected with the ERK/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway and synaptic plasticity. MR changed energy metabolism via activated mTOR/ULK/AMPK signaling in brain. MR ameliorated rhythmic oscillations of clock control gene Bmal1/Per2 in gut-brain axis. Moreover, MR attenuated HFD-induced intestinal inflammatory and protected gut barrier integrity via enhancing the expression of intestinal tight junction protein. The gut microbiome was re-shaped by MR treatment, accompanied by the alteration of short chain fatty acids, the microbial products mediating systemic metabolism and has benefits on brain function. MR increased microbiota-derived butyric and isovaleric which possible synchronizers of peripheral circadian clocks. Conclusions The present study provided comprehensive evidence that MR attenuated obesity-induced cognitive impairment via balancing the circadian rhythm in gut-brain axis and that is a potential new therapeutic avenue for treating metabolic syndrome-related neurodegenerative diseases. Funding Sources This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China, National Natural Science Foundation of China. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

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