ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SERUM VITAMIN D LEVELS AND CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS IN THE ADULT POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES

Aims The small number of studies that have investigated the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) have reported conflicting results. We investigated the association between vitamin D levels and CRF in a representative sample of the US population using data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (2001–2004). Methods We included participants between the ages of 20 and 49 years and excluded those with vitamin D levels at the 5% extremes of the distribution. We used survey-weighted linear regression without and with adjustment for age, sex, race, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, C-reactive protein, hemoglobin, and glomerular filtration rate to examine the relationship between the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) (as a surrogate for CRF) and vitamin D levels. Results Of the 1995 participants, 45.2% were women, 49.1% were white, 13% had hypertension, and 4% had diabetes. The mean ± SD age was 33 ± 8.6 years, with a mean ± SD vitamin D level of 58 ± 5.3 nmol/L and a mean ± SD VO2 max of 40 ± 9.7 ml/kg/min. Participants in the highest quartile of vitamin D levels had a significantly higher CRF than participants in the lowest quartile (difference 4.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.0–5.5; P < 0.001). After adjustment for potential confounders, the difference between the highest and lowest vitamin D quartiles remained significant (difference 2.9, 95% CI 1.6–4.1; P < 0.001). In unadjusted and adjusted linear regression, each 10 nmol/L increase in vitamin D level was associated with a significant increase in VO2 max (β = 0.78 ml/kg/min, 95% CI 0.55–1.01; P < 0.001; β = 0.51 ml/kg/min, 95% CI 0.23–0.79; P = 0.001, respectively). Conclusions We found an independent and robust association between serum vitamin D levels and CRF, but our results need to be validated with clinical trials examining the effect of vitamin D supplementation on CRF.

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Predictive Factors of Vitamin D Inadequacy among Older Adults in the United States

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000564 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 89 (1-2) ◽

pp. 55-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sunkyung Lee ◽

Euni Lee ◽

Mary K. Maneno ◽

Allan A. Johnson ◽

Anthony K. Wutoh

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Predictive Factors ◽

National Level ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Female Gender ◽

The United States ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Vitamin D Supplements

Abstract. Optimal serum vitamin D levels are reported to be associated with many health benefits; however, few studies have determined predictive factors using national level data. An assessment of predictive factors for vitamin D inadequacy was conducted using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001–2006 data. Using the study sample including adults aged 40 years or more, data analysis was performed using the weighted multivariate logistic regression statistical procedure. The prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy (serum vitamin D <20 ng/ml) was 37.3%. Non-Hispanic Blacks were 6.4 times more likely to demonstrate vitamin D inadequacy compared to non-Hispanic Whites (ORadj=6.351; 95% CI 5.338, 7.555; p<0.0001). Also, female gender was a significant predictor of vitamin D inadequacy (ORadj=1.499; 95% CI 1.315, 1.708; p<0.0001) in multivariate models. Subjects who reported not taking vitamin D supplements in the past 30 days were more than twice as likely to be vitamin D inadequate compared with those who had taken dietary supplements containing vitamin D (ORadj=2.225; 95% CI 1.903, 2.601; p<0.0001). In conclusion, the strongest predictor of vitamin D inadequacy was non-Hispanic Black ethnicity. Other potential predictors included smoking, non-use of vitamin D supplements, abnormal BMI, collecting samples in winter, female gender, perception of own health condition as not excellent, lack of health care, and older age. More focused interventions targeting groups of United States residents with vitamin D inadequacy are needed.

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Serum Vitamin D Levels Are Not Associated with Obstructive Lung Disease in the General Population: An NHANES Analysis (2007-2008 to 2009-2010)

10.1101/2020.11.10.20229310 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mohamed I Seedahmed ◽

Aaron D Baugh ◽

Jordan A Kempker

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Vitamin D ◽

General Population ◽

Lung Disease ◽

Obstructive Lung Disease ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

The United States ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Independent Association

ABSTRACTBackgroundObstructive lung disease is a significant cause of morbidity and healthcare burden within the United States. A growing body of evidence has suggested that vitamin D levels can influence the course or incidence of obstructive lung disease. However, there is an insufficient previous investigation of this association.Study Design and MethodsWe used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles 2007-2008 and 2009-2010 spirometry results of individuals aged 40 years and older to assess the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and obstructive lung disease, as defined by the American Thoracic Society using the lower limit of normal (LLN). We used stage multivariate survey-logistic regression with backward selection.ResultsThe final model included body mass index, pack-years smoking history, and ethnicity. In the primary model, there was no association between vitamin D levels and obstructive lung disease. We noted an association between “Other Hispanic” self-identified race and serum Vitamin D levels wherein higher levels were associated with higher odds of obstructive lung disease in this ethnicity, but not among other racial or ethnic groups (OR= 1.48, p= 0.02).ConclusionsSerum Vitamin D levels among adults are not associated with the odds of obstructive lung disease in the general population. Results among non-Mexican Hispanic participants highlight the need for further research in minority populations. More work is needed to address the course and incidence of lung disease in the United States.RESEARCH IN CONTEXTWhat is the key question?In the general population, is there an independent association between Vitamin D and obstructive lung disease after controlling for relevant covariates?What is the bottom line?In exploring whether serum vitamin D levels are associated with odds of obstructive lung disease in the general US population, we did not find an independent association in the overall sample.Why read on?This paper adds nuance to the broad understanding of vitamin D’s role in lung pathophysiology.

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Serum Vitamin D Levels in Orthopaedic Trauma Patients Living in the Northwestern United States

Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma ◽

10.1097/bot.0b013e31825cf8fb ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. e103-e106 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Carson R. Bee ◽

Daniel V. Sheerin ◽

Thomas K. Wuest ◽

Daniel C. Fitzpatrick

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Trauma Patients ◽

Orthopaedic Trauma ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Levels

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Evidence for a causal relationship between low vitamin D, high BMI, and pediatric-onset MS

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.0000000000003849 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 88 (17) ◽

pp. 1623-1629 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

Milena A. Gianfrancesco ◽

Pernilla Stridh ◽

Brooke Rhead ◽

Xiaorong Shao ◽

Edison Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Disease Onset ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Human Leukocyte ◽

The United States ◽

Risk Scores ◽

Total N ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Pediatric Onset

Objective:To utilize Mendelian randomization to estimate the causal association between low serum vitamin D concentrations, increased body mass index (BMI), and pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (MS) using genetic risk scores (GRS).Methods:We constructed an instrumental variable for vitamin D (vitD GRS) by computing a GRS for 3 genetic variants associated with levels of 25(OH)D in serum using the estimated effect of each risk variant. A BMI GRS was also created that incorporates the cumulative effect of 97 variants associated with BMI. Participants included non-Hispanic white individuals recruited from over 15 sites across the United States (n = 394 cases, 10,875 controls) and Sweden (n = 175 cases, 5,376 controls; total n = 16,820).Results:Meta-analysis findings demonstrated that a vitD GRS associated with increasing levels of 25(OH)D in serum decreased the odds of pediatric-onset MS (odds ratio [OR] 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.55, 0.94; p = 0.02) after controlling for sex, genetic ancestry, HLA-DRB1*15:01, and over 100 non–human leukocyte antigen MS risk variants. A significant association between BMI GRS and pediatric disease onset was also demonstrated (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.05, 1.30; p = 0.01) after adjusting for covariates. Estimates for each GRS were unchanged when considered together in a multivariable model.Conclusions:We provide evidence supporting independent and causal effects of decreased vitamin D levels and increased BMI on susceptibility to pediatric-onset MS.

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Serum Vitamin D Deficiency among African American Women in the United States

Value in Health ◽

10.1016/j.jval.2016.03.1452 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. A173

Author(s):

G Alem ◽

MK Maneno ◽

EB Ettienne ◽

L Wingate

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Vitamin D ◽

African American ◽

African American Women ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

The United States ◽

American Women ◽

Serum Vitamin D

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Cardiorespiratory fitness, different measures of adiposity, and serum vitamin D levels in African-American adults

Journal of Investigative Medicine ◽

10.1136/jim-2019-001071 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 67 (7) ◽

pp. 1087-1090 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Stephen William Farrell ◽

Laura DeFina ◽

Benjamin Willis ◽

Carolyn E Barlow ◽

Andjelka Pavlovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

African American ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Positive Trend ◽

Ordered Categories ◽

Men And Women ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Levels

We examined the associations among cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), adiposity, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D) levels in African-American (AA) adults. 468 AA patients from the Cooper Clinic in Dallas, TX were examined between 2007 and 2018. Measures included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), percent body fat (%fat) via skinfolds, CRF via a maximal treadmill test, and 25(OH)D. Participants were classified by CRF based on age and sex, as well as by clinical categories of adiposity exposures and 25(OH)D. We examined trends of 25(OH)D across CRF and adiposity categories. We calculated OR with 95% CIs for 25(OH)D deficiency across categories of CRF and adiposity measures. We observed a significant positive trend for CRF (p=0.01) and a significant inverse trend for BMI (p=0.005) across ordered 25(OH)D categories. Adjusted mean 25(OH)D levels were higher across ordered CRF categories (p=0.03), and lower across ordered categories of BMI (p=0.02), WC (p=0.03) and %fat (p=0.04). When grouped into categories of fit and unfit (upper 80% and lower 20% of the CRF distribution, respectively), OR for vitamin D deficiency was significantly lower in fit compared with unfit men and women (OR=0.55, 95% CI: 0.35–0.87, p=0.01). Compared with normal weight BMI (referent), ORs for 25(OH)D deficiency were significantly higher for BMI-obese subjects (OR=1.70, 95% CI: 1.00–2.87, p=0.04). 25(OH)D levels are positively associated with CRF and negatively associated with different measures of adiposity in AA men and women. Because of the study design, causal inferences cannot be made and future prospective studies are needed.

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Prospective Study of Serum Vitamin D and Cancer Mortality in the United States

JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute ◽

10.1093/jnci/djm204 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 99 (21) ◽

pp. 1594-1602 ◽

Cited By ~ 256

Author(s):

D. M. Freedman ◽

A. C. Looker ◽

S.-C. Chang ◽

B. I. Graubard

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Prospective Study ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

The United States ◽

Serum Vitamin D

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Low Serum Vitamin D Concentrations Are Associated with Insulin Resistance in Mexican Children and Adolescents

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11092109 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 2109 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez ◽

Paloma Muñoz-Aguirre ◽

Desiree López ◽

Mario Flores ◽

Mara Medeiros ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Body Composition ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Adult Population ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Low Serum

Previous studies in the Mexican adult population have suggested a relationship between low levels of serum concentrations of serum vitamin D with impaired glucose tolerance, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes, regardless of the presence of obesity. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and the factors linked to insulin resistance. A total of 533 children and adolescents from the “Reference Values of Body Composition in the Pediatric Population of Mexico City” study are assessed. Body composition, dietary, and lifestyle data are obtained. Serum vitamin D, insulin, and glucose are also measured. Associations are tested using multiple linear and logistic regression models. Approximately 90% of children and adolescents in this study have sub-optimal vitamin D levels (<30 ng/mL). An inverse relationship between insulin resistance and serum vitamin D is observed (OR (odds ratios) = 2.9; 95% CI (95% confidence intervals): 1.1, 7.2; p-trend 0.03). Low serum vitamin D levels are associated with insulin resistance in the pediatric population. The present study provides additional evidence for the role of vitamin D in insulin resistance. Our findings suggest the supplementation of vitamin D may be helpful in preventing insulin resistance and subsequent diabetes.

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