Costs and outcomes of risperidone treatment in schizophrenia in the Czech Republic

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Hosák ◽  
R. Bahbouh
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Atypical Antipsychotics ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Global Assessment Of Functioning ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Cheap Labor ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Intent To Treat ◽  
Risperidone Treatment

SummaryThe increasing cost of pharmaceuticals in the Czech Republic has led to restrictions on the prescription of more expensive atypical antipsychotics. The aim of the study was to compare the costs and outcomes of using risperidone versus classical neuroleptics in treatment of schizophrenia in order to see if there was any cost advantage in restricting use of more recent antipsychotics. Sixty-seven patients (39 women) with a mean age of 34.6 years (S.D. = 9.74) suffering from schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were treated with risperidone while 67 patients (39 women) with the same diagnoses with a mean age of 35.7 years (S.D. = 9.91) received standard neuroleptics. Yearly direct medical costs and outcomes (indicated by the average Global Assessment of Functioning score) were assessed retrospectively in an open, intent-to-treat study by abstracting psychiatric outpatient charts. The outcomes were not significantly different between the treatment groups while the risperidone treatment was significantly more expensive than the therapy with standard neuroleptics. This result which appears to be inconsistent with the literature was caused by the cheap labor force in the Czech Republic. The difference between the followed treatments in the direct costs will probably become insignificant in the future when the country’s economy will be more developed.

scholarly journals Costs and Outcomes of Use of Amitriptyline, Citalopram and Fluoxetine in Major Depression: Exploratory Study

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Hosák ◽  
Ivan Tůma ◽  
Herbert Hanuš ◽  
Libor Straka
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Tricyclic Antidepressants ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Direct Medical Costs ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Intent To Treat

Background: The increasing cost of pharmaceuticals in the Czech Republic has led to the restriction on prescriptions of expensive new antidepressants. The aim of the study was to compare the costs and outcomes of using amitriptyline, citalopram and fluoxetine in the treatment of major depression. Methods: Ninety patients (69 women) with a mean age of 44.5 years (S.D.=14.3) suffering from major depression were treated with amitriptyline (N=31), citalopram (N=29) and fluoxetine (N=30). Direct medical costs and effectiveness (indicated by the number of hospitalization-free days) were assessed in a prospective, open, intent-to-treat study. Results: Neither cost nor effectiveness were significantly different among the treatment groups. Conclusion: Amitriptyline treatment is not less expensive nor more effective than citalopram or fluoxetine therapies. There is no advantage in restricting patients from treatment with SSRIs, which have fewer adverse effects and a decreased risk of a lethal overdosage in comparison with tricyclic antidepressants.

scholarly journals Melanoma Incidence in Czech Republic, the Relation between Histology, Body Site of Melanoma, and Duration of Lesions

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jarmila Čelakovská ◽  
Josef Bukač ◽  
Lenka Čáková ◽  
Marie Šimková ◽  
Eva Jandová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Site ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Melanoma Incidence ◽  
Age Of Diagnosis ◽  
The Difference

Aim: To evaluate the occurrence of melanoma in the period 1996–2017 in East Bohemia region in the Czech Republic. Method: We studied the incidence of melanoma and the age of diagnosis (adjusted calculation) and the parameters such as histology, body site of lesions, the length of the duration of lesions in 2810 patients. Results and conclusion: No change in the occurrence of melanoma and in age of melanoma during this period was found. The difference between men and women was not confirmed in histology, but the difference between men and women was confirmed in the body site of lesion and in the length of duration of lesion. No relation between the length of duration of lesions from which melanoma had originated and its histology was confirmed. The relation was confirmed between histology and body site of melanoma. The relation between the body site and the length of duration of previous lesions was confirmed also. The increasing occurrence of melanoma on the trunk according to the duration of the previous lesions was confirmed.

scholarly journals Comparison of agricultural subsidies in the Czech Republic and in the selected states of the European Union

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 519-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Střeleček ◽  
R. Zdeněk ◽  
J. Lososová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Agricultural Subsidies ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Subsidy Rate ◽  
European Heritage ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Eu

The Common Agricultural Policy has been implemented in order to guarantee the appropriate life quality for farmers and to preserve the European heritage. Costs of its realization amounted to 40% of the EU budget. The EU has not established the same conditions for all member states. The aim of the paper is to assess the influence of agricultural subsidies and the structure of production on the incomes of agricultural holdings and their comparison with the largest producers in the EU with similar production structure. The shift-share analysis is used. Different amount of subsidies according to the type of farming together with increasing subsidy rate may influence the type of farming. Therefore, it may cause a paradox that the structure of subsidies according to the type of farming will stimulate products that are currently suppressed. The difference in subsidies in comparison with the largest producers with a similar structure of agricultural production is significant for the Czech Republic and it is possible to compare it to the increase of the SAPS by 75%.

scholarly journals Giraffe males have longer suckling bouts than females

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 558-563
Author(s):  
Markéta Gloneková ◽  
Karolína Brandlová ◽  
Jan Pluháček
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Future Development ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Maternal Investment ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Giraffa Camelopardalis ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Difference

Abstract In polygynous mammals, females are expected to bias maternal investment in favor of male calves. The mother should invest more in males to enhance their reproductive success in adulthood, or the males require greater investment as they are bigger and stronger than females. In this study, we used nursing duration to compare the difference in the amount of maternal investment provided by females. We compared differences according to sex of the offspring and the influence of calves’ identification by sniffing, using captive giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis) as a model. Since a high intensity of allonursing (nursing of a nonfilial calf) was reported in giraffes, we also focused on the difference between filial and nonfilial calves. We observed 22 nursing females and 47 suckling calves in four zoological gardens in the Czech Republic from 2007 to 2011. Nursing duration was longer for male calves than for female calves and for calves sniffed by the nursing female regardless whether the calves were filial or nonfilial. We conclude that male calves are more demanding for the amount of investment received and they are more successful in this effort than female calves. Since females provided investment in the same way to filial and nonfilial calves, selection for higher demand for investment by male than by female offspring should be important for their future development. Our results also demonstrate the importance of sniffing for the identification of the suckling calf by the female.

scholarly journals Response to selection of a breeding program for Suffolk sheep in the Czech Republic

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ptáček Martin ◽  
Ducháček Jaromír ◽  
Schmidová Jitka ◽  
Stádník Luděk
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Sheep Population ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Longissimus Lumborum ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Suffolk Sheep

Lamb growth performance traits in relation to parental breeding values (BVs) for these traits were evaluated in a purebred Suffolk sheep population in the Czech Republic. The research lasted over 8 years and included 24 886 lambs. Four relevant parental BVs were observed: BV predicted for lamb live weight direct effect (BVLW-DE), BV predicted for lamb live weight maternal effect (BVLW-ME), BV predicted for lamb musculus longissimus lumborum et thoracis depth (BV-MLLT), and BV predicted for lamb backfat thickness (BV-BT). The lamb live weight (LW; kg), musculus longissimus lumborum et thoracis depth (MLLT; mm), and backfat thickness (BT; mm) were assessed at 100 days of age. A dataset was created using the most current parental BVs for each year (2007–2014) and subsequent growth traits of their lambs in the next season (2008–2015). Linear regressions showed an increased tendency when one point in dam BVs was associated with an increase in lamb LW (0.393 kg; P < 0.01 in BVLW-DE and 0.090 kg; P < 0.05 in BVLW-ME), MLLT (0.340 mm; P < 0.01 in BV-MLLT), or BT (0.243; P < 0.01 mm in BV-BT). Lower (but significant – P < 0.01) values on linear regression were detected for sire BVs, when 0.135 kg of LW, 0.217 mm of MLLT, and 0.214 mm of BT corresponded to 1-point increases of BVLW-DE, BV-MLLT, or BV-BT. This was confirmed by ANOVA evaluation, especially for LW and MLLT traits. Maximal differences (P < 0.05) in lamb LW were 1.84 kg or 0.88 kg regarding to dam or sire BVLW-DE groups. Similarly, the difference (P < 0.05) in lamb MLLT reached 0.82 mm in dam BV-MLLT, while 0.57 mm was detected in sire BV-MLLT groups. These results have practical implications for the objectives of selection schemes used in the Suffolk sheep population in the Czech Republic.

Economic Reform in the Czech Republic: Economic Strain, Depression, Hostility, and the Difference Gender Makes

1994 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Lee ◽  
Joseph Hraba ◽  
Frederick Lorenz ◽  
Zdenka Pechacova
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
Economic Strain ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Difference

scholarly journals Parental Leave in the Czech Republic and Slovakia – Where Is It More Favourable to Become a Father?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
Denisa Nevická ◽  
Juraj Hamuľák ◽  
Mikuláš Krippel
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The article deals with the position of the child’s father in labour relations. The comparative analysis of legislation in the Czech Republic and Slovakia is based not only on labour law, but also on social security law and anti-discrimination law. The authors aim to point out the difference in treatment and answer the fundamental research question – In which country is it easier for a man to reconcile work and family responsibilities?

scholarly journals Species diversity of Carabidae (Coleoptera) in different succession stages of a limestone quarry Hády (Brno, Czech republic)

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimír Hula ◽  
Pavla Šťastná
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Red List ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Reclaimed Land ◽  
Significant Similarity ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Invertebrate Animals ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control

Carabid beetle samples were obtained from pitfall traps at an abandoned quarry of a limestone massif Hády near Brno. The samples were collected each month between April and September in years 2007–2008. A total of 61 species were registered and represented by 2619 individuals. Similarity of individual areas was evaluated by using the Cluster analysis – the most significant similarity was found in reclaimed sites (99.87%) and control sites (90.52%). The difference in similarity between two observed years came out distinctively (F = 2.906; P = 0.0010). Three species (Cylindera germanica, Licinus cassideus and Aptinus bombarda) from the Red List of Invertebrate Animals of the Czech Republic and one species (Cylindera germanica) affected by the Order 395/1992 Sb. as amended by Decree 175/2006 Sb. were detected among the observed species. The reclaimed land and surrounding field areas left to natural succession were dominated by species of open habitats.

scholarly journals BUILDING OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ETHOS THROUGH MISSION STATEMENTS: THE DIFFERENCE IN APPROACH BETWEEN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel PERNICA ◽  
Ladislav TYLL
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Mission Statement ◽  
Private Universities ◽  
Mission Statements ◽  
Specific Group ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Research Show

Corporate mission statement is an essential statement to all stakeholders of the organization about its own purpose, its goals and the competitive advantage it offers to its customers. Another purpose of the mission is to create a so-called positive ethos. Universities represent a specific group of institutions from the perspective of defining missions and working with ethos. This paper identifies the elementary components of university missions that help build a positive ethos. The research is focused on the analysis of mission statements of all public and private universities operating in the Czech Republic. The results of this research show that there is a difference in the approach to defining missions between public and private universities (in terms of the inclusion of individual components that help building a positive ethos).

scholarly journals Quantification of factors influencing the difference in household income in the Czech Republic

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 995-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolana Kvíčalová ◽  
Jan Široký
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Household Income ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Income Differences ◽  
Transfer Payments ◽  
Income Inequalities ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Election Results ◽  
Preliminary Description

Income inequalities, resulting from different income of economic entities and the level of redistribution (especially the amount and structure of taxes on one hand and transfer payments on the other) and peculiarities of the market economy, have been increasing.Within the context of the economic crisis, the pressure (proved by election results in many countries) to alleviate such differences, or at least to stop their deepening has been strengthening. The analysis of the increased income differentiation gets into attention of the theory of public finance.The paper theoretically deals with the ways of measuring such inequalities and then it focuses on the factors that may be regarded as significant for increasing income differences in particular conditions of the Czech Republic within the years 2006–2011 for the selected types of households. Based on the preliminary description, deduction and induction, the research objective was to determine, using the mathematic and statistical methods, the relevancy and -where appropriate- the level of dependence of the analyzed effects on particular elements of household income.

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