The Comorbidity of Anxiety Disorders with Depression and the Associated Risk Factors in Geriatric Psychiatry Outpatients

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
F. Beskardes ◽  
T. Ertan ◽  
E. Eker
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Geriatric Psychiatry ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Outpatient Unit ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Aims:We aimed to study the prevalence of anxiety disorders with the comorbidity of depressive disorders and the effects of risk factors among the patients attending the general Geriatric Psychiatry Outpatient Unit.Methods:Subjects were evaluated in terms of Anxiety Disorders on the basis of DSM criteria, SCID. Each patient was asked to fill out Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Scale, Beck Anxiety and Depression Scale. Sociodemographic features and risk factors were assesed the prepared questionnaire.Results:In a number of total 1209 applicants in 12 months, we found the prevalance of anxiety disorders was %9,48 with a number of 115 patients in outpatient department applications and the prevalence of Generalized Anxiety Disorder was found out to be %4,63(n:56), Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia %1,98(n:24), without Agoraphobia %0,90(n:11), the prevalence of OCD was %0,82(n:10), PTSD %0,49(n:6) and other anxiety disorders (SAD, SP, NOS) was %0,66(n:8).In the patients with anxiety disorders, the prevalence of depression comorbidity was found out to be %73,05(n:84), with the prevalence of the comorbid major depressive disorder %26,1(n:31), and the dysthymic/minor depressive disorder was %46,95(n:53). As a result of statistical analysis,we found that the risk factors associated with STAI-I and II scores were total years spent on education, but in reverse manners, as the education level increased, the STAI-I and II scores decreased.Conclusions:Anxiety disorders with comorbid depression might be frequent disorders among Turkish secondary care attenders. There is a need for further studies on the epidemiology of anxiety disorders and their comorbidity with depression among elderly in Turkey.

Suicide

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly C. Cukrowicz ◽  
Erin K. Poindexter
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Recent Treatment

Suicide is a significant concern for clinicians working with clients experiencing major depressive disorder (MDD). Previous research has indicated that MDD is the diagnosis more frequently associated with suicide, with approximately two-thirds of those who die by suicide suffering from depression at the time of death by suicide. This chapter reviews data regarding the prevalence of suicidal behavior among those with depressive disorders. It then reviews risk factors for suicide ideation, self-injury, and death by suicide. Finally, the chapter provides an empirical overview of treatment studies aimed at decreasing risk for suicide, as well as an overview of several recent treatment approaches showing promise in the reduction of suicidal behavior.

Prevalence of depressive disorders in shanghai children aged 8∼12 years

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 623-623
Author(s):  
J. Fan ◽  
H.-L. Gu ◽  
H.-L. Yang ◽  
W.-Y. Wang ◽  
J. Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Dsm Iv

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigated the prevalence child depression in primary schools.Methods3685 students from Grade 3 to Grade 5 were selected from 7 primary schools of Pudong district in Shanghai by random and cluster sampling. The study design consisted of a screening stage in which the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children(CES-DC) were used, and a clinical interview stage in which the K-SADS-present state version (K-SADS) and DSM-IV were used. The diagnoses of depressive disorder were made according the DSM-IV criteria.ResultsThe prevalence of children depression was 1.60% (95%CI = 1.19%∼2.00%). The prevalence rate of male(2.08%) was significant higher than that of female (1.09%)(X2=5.40, P = 0.02). The rate of depressive disorder increased with age from 0.57% (8 years old) to 2.47% (12 years old). The prevalence of depression was no significant difference between ages from 8 to 12 years old (X2 = 4.49, P = 0.34).ConclusionThe prevalence rate of children depression in Shanghai is low. The prevalence of depression among boys is much higher than that of girls.It shows the prevalence of depression is no significant difference between ages from 8 to 12 years old.

scholarly journals Anxious and non-anxious major depressive disorder in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Kessler ◽  
N. A. Sampson ◽  
P. Berglund ◽  
M. J. Gruber ◽  
A. Al-Hamzawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Comorbid Anxiety ◽  
World Mental Health ◽  
Dsm Iv

Background.To examine cross-national patterns and correlates of lifetime and 12-month comorbid DSM-IV anxiety disorders among people with lifetime and 12-month DSM-IV major depressive disorder (MDD).Method.Nationally or regionally representative epidemiological interviews were administered to 74 045 adults in 27 surveys across 24 countries in the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys. DSM-IV MDD, a wide range of comorbid DSM-IV anxiety disorders, and a number of correlates were assessed with the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI).Results.45.7% of respondents with lifetime MDD (32.0–46.5% inter-quartile range (IQR) across surveys) had one of more lifetime anxiety disorders. A slightly higher proportion of respondents with 12-month MDD had lifetime anxiety disorders (51.7%, 37.8–54.0% IQR) and only slightly lower proportions of respondents with 12-month MDD had 12-month anxiety disorders (41.6%, 29.9–47.2% IQR). Two-thirds (68%) of respondents with lifetime comorbid anxiety disorders and MDD reported an earlier age-of-onset (AOO) of their first anxiety disorder than their MDD, while 13.5% reported an earlier AOO of MDD and the remaining 18.5% reported the same AOO of both disorders. Women and previously married people had consistently elevated rates of lifetime and 12-month MDD as well as comorbid anxiety disorders. Consistently higher proportions of respondents with 12-month anxious than non-anxious MDD reported severe role impairment (64.4 v. 46.0%; χ21 = 187.0, p < 0.001) and suicide ideation (19.5 v. 8.9%; χ21 = 71.6, p < 0.001). Significantly more respondents with 12-month anxious than non-anxious MDD received treatment for their depression in the 12 months before interview, but this difference was more pronounced in high-income countries (68.8 v. 45.4%; χ21 = 108.8, p < 0.001) than low/middle-income countries (30.3 v. 20.6%; χ21 = 11.7, p < 0.001).Conclusions.Patterns and correlates of comorbid DSM-IV anxiety disorders among people with DSM-IV MDD are similar across WMH countries. The narrow IQR of the proportion of respondents with temporally prior AOO of anxiety disorders than comorbid MDD (69.6–74.7%) is especially noteworthy. However, the fact that these proportions are not higher among respondents with 12-month than lifetime comorbidity means that temporal priority between lifetime anxiety disorders and MDD is not related to MDD persistence among people with anxious MDD. This, in turn, raises complex questions about the relative importance of temporally primary anxiety disorders as risk markers v. causal risk factors for subsequent MDD onset and persistence, including the possibility that anxiety disorders might primarily be risk markers for MDD onset and causal risk factors for MDD persistence.

scholarly journals Current Trends of Geriatric Depression at an Indian Tertiary Care Center

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akash Rajender ◽  
Krishna Kanwal ◽  
Gaurav R
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Geriatric Depression ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Aging is a progressive process beginning with life & ending with death. There is a massive growth in elderly population & age associated diseases. Depression is frequently associated with aging, associated comorbidities & treatment compliance in this fragile age group. Aims & Objective: To study prevalence of depression in elderly using Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and its associated risk factors. Method: Three hundred elderly (≥60 years) patients were assessed at Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur in an observational, cross sectional study using Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Correlation with associated risk factors were evaluated. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 12.0. Results: Prevalence of depression was 29.3% of which 62 (20.67%) were mildly depressed and 26 (8.67%) were severely depressed. Depression was significantly higher in elderly subjects with comorbid chronic disease (p 0.0001), inadequate sleep (p 0.001), absent social participation (p 0.002) and in those who did not engage themselves in day time work or hobbies (p 0.0002). Conclusions: Depression is common in elderly, its undiagnosed & overlooked. Prevention of risk factors & early diagnosis may significantly reduce morbidity, mortality & improve quality of life.

Depression

2018 ◽  
pp. 301-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Del Giudice
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Evolutionary Models ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Developmental Features ◽  
Persistent Depressive Disorder

The chapter discusses depressive disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD) and persistent depressive disorder (PDD) or dysthymia. These disorders are marked by severe, prolonged episodes of dejected mood and/or loss of interest and pleasure in rewarding activities (anhedonia), and may be accompanied by somatic symptoms involving sleep, appetite, and so on. After an overview of these disorders, their developmental features, and the main risk factors identified in the epidemiological literature, the chapter critically reviews existing evolutionary models and suggests new directions for research. The final section applies the criteria developed earlier in the book to classify the disorders within the fast-slow-defense (FSD) model. The author concludes that depressive disorders can be classified as a defense activation (D-type) conditions.

scholarly journals Co-morbidity between major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders: shared etiology or direct causation?

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 2023-2034 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Mathew ◽  
J. W. Pettit ◽  
P. M. Lewinsohn ◽  
J. R. Seeley ◽  
R. E. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Direct Causation

BackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) and anxiety disorders (ANX) are debilitating and prevalent conditions that often co-occur in adolescence and young adulthood. The leading theoretical models of their co-morbidity include the direct causation model and the shared etiology model. The present study compared these etiological models of MDD–ANX co-morbidity in a large, prospective, non-clinical sample of adolescents tracked through age 30.MethodLogistic regression was used to examine cross-sectional associations between ANX and MDD at Time 1 (T1). In prospective analyses, Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine T1 predictors of subsequent disorder onset, including risk factors specific to each disorder or common to both disorders. Prospective predictive effect of a lifetime history of one disorder (e.g. MDD) on the subsequent onset of the second disorder (e.g. ANX) was then examined. This step was repeated while controlling for common risk factors.ResultsThe findings supported relatively distinct profiles of risk between MDD and ANX depending on order of development. Whereas the shared etiology model best explained co-morbid cases in which MDD preceded ANX, direct causation was supported for co-morbid cases in which ANX preceded MDD.ConclusionsConsistent with previous research, significant cross-sectional and prospective associations were found between MDD and ANX. The results of the present study suggest that different etiological models may characterize the co-morbidity between MDD and ANX based upon the temporal order of onset. Implications for classification and prevention efforts are discussed.

Incidence and predictors of suicide attempts among primary-care patients with depressive disorders: a 5-year prospective study

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Riihimäki ◽  
M. Vuorilehto ◽  
T. Melartin ◽  
J. Haukka ◽  
E. Isometsä
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Primary Care Patients ◽  
Dsm Iv

BackgroundNo previous study has prospectively investigated incidence and risk factors for suicide attempts among primary care patients with depression.MethodIn the Vantaa Primary Care Depression Study, a stratified random sample of 1119 patients was screened for depression, and Structured Clinical Interviews for DSM-IV used to diagnose Axis I and II disorders. A total of 137 patients were diagnosed with a DSM-IV depressive disorder. Altogether, 82% of patients completed the 5-year follow-up. Information on timing of suicide attempts, plus major depressive episodes (MDEs) and partial or full remission, or periods of substance abuse were examined with life charts. Incidence of suicide attempts and their stable and time-varying risk factors (phases of depression/substance abuse) were investigated using Cox proportional hazard and Poisson regression models.ResultsDuring the follow-up there were 22 discrete suicide attempts by 14/134 (10.4%) patients. The incidence rates were 0, 5.8 and 107 during full or partial remission or MDEs, or 22.2 and 142 per 1000 patient-years during no or active substance abuse, respectively. In Cox models, current MDE (hazard ratio 33.5, 95% confidence interval 3.6–309.7) was the only significant independent risk factor. Primary care doctors were rarely aware of the suicide attempts.ConclusionsOf the primary care patients with depressive disorders, one-tenth attempted suicide in 5 years. However, risk of suicidal acts was almost exclusively confined to MDEs, with or without concurrent active substance abuse. Suicide prevention among primary care patients with depression should focus on active treatment of major depressive disorder and co-morbid substance use, and awareness of suicide risk.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Comorbidity of Anxiety and Depressive Disorders in Studies of PRIME-MD and PHQ (Patient Health Questionnaire) in Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumiko Muramatsu ◽  
Hitoshi Miyaoka ◽  
Kunitoshi Kamijima ◽  
Yoshiyuki Muramatsu ◽  
Katsuya Fuse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Patient Health

We examine two studies on the prevalence and comorbidity of anxiety and depressive disorders in Japanese patients in primary care settings. The PRIME-MD study (Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders) in Japan was conducted in seven primary care sites. The sample group included 601 adult patients (249 males, 352 females, mean age = 58.9 years, SD = 16.5). Of the 12.5% of patients diagnosed with mood disorders, 5.0% (n = 29) were major depressive disorder, and 6.7% (n = 40) were minor depressive disorder. The odds ratio for co-occurrence of major depressive disorder with generalized anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder with anxiety disorders (NOS) was 11.5 (95% CI: 2.17–18.45) and 8.00 (95% CI: 3.19–20.07), respectively. The PHQ (Patient Health Questionnaire) study in Japan was conducted in eleven primary care sites. A total of 1409 adult patients (611 males, 797 females; mean age: 56.2 years, SD: ±20.4) completed the PHQ in full. The prevalence of diagnosis of any mood disorder or any anxiety disorder was 25.0%. Of the 15.8% of patients diagnosed with mood disorders, 5.3% were for major depression and 8.4% for other depressive disorders. The odds ratio for co-occurrence of major depressive disorder with other anxiety disorders was 30.4 (95% CI: 13.19–70.28).

scholarly journals Teenage Mothers in Yaoundé, Cameroon—Risk Factors and Prevalence of Perinatal Depression Symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 4164
Author(s):  
Laure Nicolet ◽  
Amir Moayedoddin ◽  
Joel Djatché Miafo ◽  
Daniel Nzebou ◽  
Beat Stoll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Perinatal Depression ◽  
Unplanned Pregnancy ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Teenage Mothers ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Middle Income

Background: Perinatal depression is defined as a non-psychotic depressive episode occurring during pregnancy or during the first year following childbirth. This depressive disorder is highly prevalent among teenage women but there is a lack of data in low- and middle-income countries. The objective of this study was to provide baseline data on the sociodemographic characteristics of pregnant teenagers or teenage mothers in an urban zone in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Risk factors were assessed, and prevalence of depressive disorders was determined. Methods: Women aged 20 years old or less in the perinatal period were invited to participate in the study. A total of 1344 women participated in the four-stage data collection process involving a questionnaire including questions on sociodemographic background, an assessment of their risk of perinatal depression using the EPDS questionnaire (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale), a clinical interview based on the DSM 5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders), and a final section focusing on risk factors of perinatal depression. Results: The EPDS score was obtained for 1307 women. The prevalence of depressive disorder symptoms among teenage or young pregnant women is estimated to be 70.0%. This risk is significantly increased by different factors including unintended or unplanned pregnancy (aOR: 1.33, 1.14–1.56 CI95%), being separated or single (aOR: 1.34, 1.12–1.60 CI95%), experiencing depression and anxiety before childbirth (aOR: 1.50, 1.02–2.27 CI95%), abortion experience (aOR: 2.60, 1.03–7.14 CI95%) and domestic violence (aOR: 1.76, 1.12–2.83 CI95%). Conclusion: The results of this study reveal a high prevalence of depressive disorder symptoms within the study population. These findings highlight the need to develop maternal care programs to support both mothers and their infants.

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