Sexual Addiction and Psychiatric Comorbidity

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
M. Kamenskov
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Paranoid Schizophrenia ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
List Type ◽  
Sexual Perversion ◽  
Dynamic Transformation ◽  
Organic Mental Disorders ◽  
Behavior Motivation

In order to create hypotheses about the relationship between the dynamic of paraphilia and the other mental disorders we conducted a study of 60 males with paraphilia. All the patients were distributed in 3 diagnostic groups:1.Paraphilia and organic mental disorders (dementia - 10%; organic asthenic disorder - 5%; syndrome of limbic epilepsy personality - 18,3%; organic pseudopsychopathic disorder - 26,7%).2.Paraphilia and schizophrenic disorders (paranoid schizophrenia - 15%; pseudopsychopathic schizophrenia - 10%).3.Paraphilia and mixed and other personality disorders - 15%.Results:Dynamic transformation of paraphilia (connection of new paraphilia’s forms to already existing) has been connected with the psychotic symptoms, convulsive attacks and increase of negative symptoms of schizophrenia, epilepsy and dementia (r=0.87, p=0.02 - canonical analysis).Abnormal sexual imaginations appear during manifestation of schizophrenia in puberty age. A syndrome of a metaphysical intoxication, delusional depersonalization coexisted with available sexual perversion. In sexually mature age of patients with schizophrenia, dynamic transformation of paraphilia was associated with increase of negative symptoms (in remission). Anabatic of schizophrenia correspond with a degree of aggression sexual perversion.New forms paraphilia of patients with epilepsy appear after repeatedly transferred convulsive attacks.In persons with other organic mental disorders, dynamic transformation of paraphilia was observed in cases of formation dementia against a background of the impairments of cognitive function, deterioration in emotional control, social behavior, motivation and prognosis.Conclusion:Dynamic transformation of paraphilia corresponds with a clinic and dynamic of mental disease: schizophrenia, epilepsy and dementia.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of psychoacoustics as a differential diagnostic criteria of schizoaffective disorder and paranoid schizophrenia at the early stages of development

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-172
Author(s):  
N.V. Kostyuchenko ◽  
O.O. Filts
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Schizoaffective Disorder ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Sexual Attraction ◽  
Paranoid Schizophrenia ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Degree Of Severity

The work carried out the assessment of interconnection between the presence of musical ear and defective manifestations in patients with paranoid schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder (SAD). SAD remained one of the most uncertain mental disorders. The certain variability and instability in the diagnostic interpretation of this nosology, the fuzziness of the criterion assessment greatly affected the quality of diagnosis and differential diagnosis, especially in the early stages of development of mental disorders of this spectrum (affectively-paranoid). The aim of the study was to compare the peculiarities of psychoacoustics (namely the presence/absence of musical ear) in patients with the SAD diagnosis and in patients with paranoid schizophrenia (PS), as well as the degree of severity of negative symptoms. In our research we conducted comparative evaluation of negatives symptoms in 40 patients with paranoid schizophrenia and 40 patients with schizoaffective disorder by means of NSA-16 scale and PANSS negative symptoms subscale. Comparison of difference probability between indexes of research groups is done by means of chi-squared and Mann-Whitney tests. In the group of patients with schizoaffective disorder, most persons had musical ear, the rates of negative symptoms were significantly lower than in patients with paranoid schizophrenia, who did not have developed musical ear. Thus, the average assessment of negative symptoms according to the scale of NSA-16 in the group of patients with a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia was 4.89±0,10, which by 2.6 (р<0,01) higher than in the group of patients diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder – 1,84±0,10. In both groups, the highest average rates of negative symptoms were inherent to the symptoms “Sexual attraction” and “Limited purposefulness”. The average assessment of the key points of evaluation in the group of patients with PS, by 2,77 (р<0,01) higher than in the group of patients with SAD — 4,74±0,11 against 1,71±0,08, according to the analysis of the subscale of negative symptoms of the PANSS. The violation of spontaneity and fluidity of speech occupied one of the leading places among all the negative symptoms of this scale in both groups of patients. So, the dependence between the factor of presence or absence of musical ear and the degree of severity of negative symptoms of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder was established, which allowed to confirm the expediency of evaluating musical abilities in such patients for the expansion of prognostic and diagnostic possibilities in psychiatric practice.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of long-term aripiprazole injections to a patient with paranoid schizophrenia: a case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Szota ◽  
Aleksander Araszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Paranoid Schizophrenia ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
History Of ◽  
Long Acting

AbstractParanoid schizophrenia is a chronic, psychotic disorder which can be treated with long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotic drugs. There are risperidone (Risperdal Consta®), olanzapine (Zypadhera®), paliperidone (Xepilon®) and aripiprazole (Abilify Maintena®) currently available.The aim of this study was to present a case history of the patient to whom monthly injections of aripiprazole effectively prevented both relapses of psychotic symptoms and hospitalizations.Case report: A 55-year-old male patient with a 13-year history of paranoid schizophrenia has been effectively treated with aripiprazole (LAI) (400mg, every 4 weeks). During the last 8 years of treatment his mental state has been stabilized, without any acute psychotic symptoms and without any anxiety, or violent behaviours. Moreover, there have been no psychotic symptoms, or suicidal thoughts, or tendencies recordered. Therefore, no hospitalization has been required. However, despite the treatment, negative symptoms such as blunted affect, cognitive dysfunction and social withdrawal have been sustained.Discussion: The available articles on aripiprazole (LAI) treatment indicate that it was effective in reducing the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, as well as reducing the frequency and duration of hospitalization. However, the case report of a patient who has not had relapses of psychotic symptoms and suicidal thoughts and has not been hospitalized during 8 years of treatment with aripiprazole (LAI) has not yet been reported.Conclusions: Regular, long-term injections of aripiprazole (LAI) are very effective at preventing positive symptoms of schizophrenia development and preventing both suicidal thoughts and hospitalizations. Therefore, treatment with this drug in everyday practice should be increased.

scholarly journals The relationships between obstructive sleep apnea and psychiatric disorders: a narrative review

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaja Hanna Karakuła ◽  
Aleksander Ryczkowski ◽  
Elżbieta Sitarz ◽  
Jacek Januszewski ◽  
Dariusz Juchnowicz
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
List Type ◽  
Study Protocols ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common sleep-related breathing disorder. Its prevalence tends to increase worldwide. Untreated sleep apnea is associated with a higher risk of metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, road accidents, and death, but also it is suggested that it increases the risk of mental disorders. Method: The literature review was based on a search of articles on Medline, Pubmed, and Google Scholar from 2003 to 2021 using the keywords: obstructive sleep apnea; mental disorders; cognitive functions; affective disorders; depression; bipolar disorder; schizophrenia; psychotic disorders. The analysis included original studies, meta-analysis, and review articles. Discussion: The result obtained from researches published so far does not allow for drawing unequivocal conclusions. There is a lot of bias present in study protocols and inclusion/exclusion criteria. Nonetheless, it seems that some disorders have a better proven correlation with OSA. Cognitive impairment, depression, and anxiety disorders are linked to OSA not only in terms of the overlapping of symptoms but also of a causal relationship. Psychotic disorders and bipolar disorders connections with OSA are confirmed, but they are not yet well understood. All correlations are found to be possibly bidirectional. Conclusion: 1. Multiple lines of evidence increasingly point towards a bidirectional connection between OSA and mental disorders, and the cause and effect relationship between these two groups of disorders requires further research. 2. Due to reports of an increased risk of OSA with antipsychotic drugs, caution should be exercised when initiating therapy with this type of drug in patients with known risk factors for it. 3. Screening for OSA in psychiatric patients should be introduced as OSA can increase cognitive impairment, affective, and psychotic symptoms.

scholarly journals Modafinil in the treatment of selected mental disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-212
Author(s):  
Wacław Dyrda ◽  
Daria Smułek ◽  
Adam Wichniak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Bipolar Depression ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Manic Symptoms ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Increased Risk

Modafinil belongs to a class of wakefulness promoting agents. It is widely used in the treatment of sleep disorders. Although narcolepsy is the main indication for its use, hypersomnia from obstructive sleep apnoea and shift work sleep disorder are also indications in some countries. Due to its efficacy in the treatment of hypersomnia, the drug has also been clinically assessed in patients with mental disorders to reduce the severity of symptoms such as fatigue, hypersomnolence and cognitive impairment. The aim of this paper is to present the potential clinical applications of modafinil in the treatment of selected mental disorders. The use of modafinil in depressive disorders to enhance the treatment applied may improve mood, anhedonia and apathy, fatigue, hypersomnolence and executive cognitive impairment. In severe episodes of bipolar depression, modafinil may improve depressive symptoms, fatigue, and hypersomnia. Despite the potential risk of manic symptoms during modafinil treatment, recent studies show no increased risk of switching from depressive to manic phase. In schizophrenia, there is no evidence for the beneficial effect of modafinil on the negative symptoms, but improvement in selected cognitive functions accompanied by exacerbation of psychotic symptoms was observed in some patients. Furthermore, modafinil is used as an alternative to standard therapy in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Despite lacking evidence for the efficacy of modafinil in cocaine addiction, an analysis of selected studies indicates a potential benefit in the form of maintained abstinence. Modafinil is well tolerated and safe in most cases. The risk of dependence is lower than with other psychostimulants.

American

1896 ◽  
Vol 42 (179) ◽  
pp. 826-834
Author(s):  
Fletcher Beach
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Acute Mania ◽  
Mental Strain ◽  
Pelvic Organs ◽  
Open Mind ◽  
Sexual Perversion ◽  
Monthly Period

American Journal of Insanity, April and July, 1895; Alienist and Neurologist, July, 1895; The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, June, 1895.Dr. Clara Barrus writes in the American Journal of Insanity an article on “Gynæcological Disorders and their relation to Insanity.” She tabulates one hundred cases in which examinations were made whether the patient presented symptoms calling for uterine examination or not, and is of opinion that a thorough physical examination is necessary in all female cases, since the manifestations which would lead to examination were only noted in three patients. Very often the pain and discomfort felt by insane patients is misconstrued, and so, while we get no expression of pain itself, we may find the patient suffering from delusions that she is pregnant, that she has been violated during the night, and so on. A synopsis of the table is given, and shows the age of the patient, whether married or not, the presence or absence of menses, lencorrhóa or masturbation, of anomalies and new growths, the condition of the uterus and external genitalia, and the kind of mental disease which is presented. The gynæcologist who learns that it is the exception rather than the rule to find an insane woman with normal pelvic organs must be careful not to assign these abnormal conditions as a cause of insanity, but to keep an open mind, suspending his conclusions until further data can be examined. No doubt the causes of insanity in women are as varied and many of them are identical with the causes of insanity in men, but women have an additional physical and mental strain resulting from the crises which they have to undergo, such as the establishment of puberty, the monthly period, pregnancy, the puerperal state, and the climacteric. None of these by itself is sufficient to produce insanity, and when any of these experiences are said to be the cause of mental disease, we must acknowledge that though these may be the exciting cause, yet the predisposing one is an unstable organisation, causing the patient to be disturbed by occurrences which would only temporarily upset a healthy organism. As regards the table itself, one must guard against the erroneous opinion that the lesions which present themselves are associated more frequently with certain forms of insanity than with others, for although there were thirty-six cases of melancholia and twenty-one of dementia, and only nineteen of mania, ten of paranoia, and twenty-four of miscellaneous mental disorders, we must remember that cases of melancholia and dementia are more tractable and more easily examined, while those of acute mania, paranoia and sexual perversion are examined with difficulty. The author concludes that each case on admission should be examined, and if there is any abnormality present it should be removed if possible; by this means the degree of nerve irritation will be lessened and one of the “stumbling blocks” in the way of the patient's recovery will be removed.

Psychosis Related to TBI

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
O. Euba ◽  
E. Zallo ◽  
N. Sanchez ◽  
M. Torreblanca ◽  
A. Arroita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Wide Range

Aims:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) cause a wide range of serious consequences, including psychiatric disorders. Psychosis although uncommon is a very serious consequences with important functional, therapeutical and legal implications.Methods:Our work is based on a systemic review of the articles published related to TBI and psychosis.Results and conlusions:Three different features about TBI and their relation with the development of psychotic symptoms are analyzed.1.Severity: Serious TBI are more related to psychosis. Moderate and minor TBI can develop mental disorders is there is a previous neurological lesions.2.Localization: Temporal lobe appears affected in most of the patients.3.Lateralization: Left hemisphere is usually affected.Left hemisphere traumas appear to cause schizophrenia-like psychosis. Right hemisphere traumas are related to delirious and special types of psychosis.

Hope and symptoms in psychosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1526-1526
Author(s):  
N. Walder ◽  
A. Grant Hay ◽  
I. Sibitz ◽  
M. Amering ◽  
E. Mesic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
List Type ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional

IntroductionHope is considered as an important factor in recovery from severe mental illness. So far it has been studied in patients with depression, anxiety disorders and post traumatic stress disorder, whereas empirical studies involving people with psychosis are scarce and their results are inconclusive.AimWe aimed at evaluating the relationship between(i) hope and positive as well as negative psychotic symptoms and(ii) hope and depression in people with psychosis.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study 148 patients with schizophrenia and schizo-affective disorder were interviewed by a psychologist who rated the positive and negative symptoms on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Hope and depression were measured using the self-assessment scales Integrative Hope Scale (IHS) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D).ResultsNo statistically significant correlation was found between hope and positive symptoms (r = .071, p = .414). Hope and negative symptoms, however, showed a statistically significant negative correlation (r = -.196, p = .023), as did hope and depression (r = -.255, p = .003). This latter relationship remained significant after controlling for negative symptoms in a partial correlation (r = -.216, p = .013).ConclusionWhile hope appears unrelated to positive symptoms, a significant correlation with negative symptoms and depression was found. These results emphasise the potential importance of hope as a target variable to support recovery in patients with psychosis. However, prospective studies are needed to clarify the causal relationships between hope and symptoms of psychotic disorders.

Evaluation of positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy C. Andreasen ◽  
William M. Grove
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
University Of Iowa ◽  
Normal Functions ◽  
Subsequent Investigation ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

SummaryMost investigators concur that schizophrenia is probably a heterogeneous group of disorders that share the common features of psychotic symptoms, partial response to neuroleptics, and a relatively poor outcome. The subdivision of schizophrenia into two subtypes, positive versus negative, has achieved wide acceptance throughout the world during recent years. This distinction has heuristic and theoretical appeal because it unites phenomenology, pathophysiology, and etiology into a single comprehensive hypothesis.In spite of its wide appeal, the distinction has a number of problems. These include the failure to distinguish between symptom syndromes and diseases; failure to deal with the mixed patient; failure to take longitudinal course into account; and failure to address conceptually and methodologically the distinction between positive and negative symptoms.This paper focuses primarily on the conceptual basis for two instruments designed to measure positive and negative symptoms, the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) and the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS), originally described in 1982. Since their description, these scales have been used in a variety of other centers. These scales are based on the hypothesis that negative symptoms represent a deficit or diminution in normal psychological functions wliile positive symptoms represent an excess or distortion of normal functions. Reliability data are now available from Italy, Spain, and Japan which suggest that these scales can be used reliably in cultural settings outside the United States. The results of these studies are summarized in this paper. In addition, a replication study involving a new sample of 117 schizophrenics collected at the University of Iowa is described. In this second study of the SANS and SAPS, internal consistency is found to be quite high in the SANS. Thus negative symptoms appear to be more internally correlated with one another than are positive symptoms. The implications of this result are discussed. A principal components analysis is used to explore the relationship between positive and negative symptoms. While the study reported in 1982 suggested that positive and negative symptoms are negatively correlated, in the present study they appear to be uncorrelated. Overall, the results suggest that the SANS and SAPS are useful comprehensive instruments for the evaluation of positive and negative symptoms. The relationship between these symptoms and external validators such as cognitive functioning or CT scan abnormalities will be reported in a subsequent investigation.

scholarly journals General psychopathology links burden of recent life events and psychotic symptoms in a network approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda T. Betz ◽  
◽  
Nora Penzel ◽  
Lana Kambeitz-Ilankovic ◽  
Marlene Rosen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Network Approach ◽  
General Psychopathology ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Individual

AbstractRecent life events have been implicated in the onset and progression of psychosis. However, psychological processes that account for the association are yet to be fully understood. Using a network approach, we aimed to identify pathways linking recent life events and symptoms observed in psychosis. Based on previous literature, we hypothesized that general symptoms would mediate between recent life events and psychotic symptoms. We analyzed baseline data of patients at clinical high risk for psychosis and with recent-onset psychosis (n = 547) from the Personalised Prognostic Tools for Early Psychosis Management (PRONIA) study. In a network analysis, we modeled links between the burden of recent life events and all individual symptoms of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale before and after controlling for childhood trauma. To investigate the longitudinal associations between burden of recent life events and symptoms, we analyzed multiwave panel data from seven timepoints up to month 18. Corroborating our hypothesis, burden of recent life events was connected to positive and negative symptoms through general psychopathology, specifically depression, guilt feelings, anxiety and tension, even after controlling for childhood trauma. Longitudinal modeling indicated that on average, burden of recent life events preceded general psychopathology in the individual. In line with the theory of an affective pathway to psychosis, recent life events may lead to psychotic symptoms via heightened emotional distress. Life events may be one driving force of unspecific, general psychopathology described as characteristic of early phases of the psychosis spectrum, offering promising avenues for interventions.

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