Impact of disease concepts on attitudes towards alcohol dependent patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 761-761
Author(s):  
A. Heberlein ◽  
R. Schuster ◽  
H. Frieling ◽  
A. Glahn ◽  
S. Bleich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Disease Concept ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Disease Concepts ◽  
Stigmatizing Attitudes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Alcohol Dependent

IntroductionStigmatizing attitudes regarding mentally ill people are common (Rusch et al., 2010). Study result suggest that the degree of stigmatization may depend on concepts of psychiatric diseases (Crisafulli et al., 2008).AimsWe aimed to investigate the impact of a sole neurobiological vs. a sole sociodynamic disease concept on the attitudes of students towards the alcohol dependent patients (Crisafulli et al., 2008).Methods200 students were randomly assigned to read information explaining alcohol dependence sole neurobiologically/sociodynamically. Subsequently, the students completed a series of questionnaires (adapted from Crisafulli et al. (2008)) regarding their attitudes towards the alcohol dependent patients. Attitudes were compared to attitudes of students not exposed to any disease concept.ResultsConsistent with former study results we found increased blaming and decreased willingness to finance therapy in those students exposed to the sociodynamic explanation. Attitudes regarding blaming and harmfulness of the alcohol dependent patients were increased in the neurobiological and sociodynamic group compared to the un-exposed control group.ConclusionsInformation regarding possible causalities regarding the development of alcohol dependence is associated with more negative attitudes towards alcohol dependent patients in the questioned students compared to unexposed controls. This may be reasoned by the recognition of alcohol dependence as a manifestation of mental illness and the subsequent inclusion of the alcohol dependent patients in the prejudices and acts of discrimination commonly leveled against the mentally ill. Therefore, multimodal interventions rather than medicinal information seem to be necessary in order to decrease stigmatization of the alcohol dependent patients.

Assessing employers’ stigmatizing attitudes toward people with disabilities: A brief report

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jill Bezyak ◽  
Kanako Iwanaga ◽  
Erin Moser ◽  
Fong Chan
Keyword(s):  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Individuals With Disabilities ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Stigmatizing Attitudes ◽  
Areas Of Concern ◽  
Unidimensional Structure

BACKGROUND: People with disabilities are one of the most marginalized groups in society, and having a disability significantly increases the likelihood of unemployment or underemployment. The reluctance to hire individuals with disabilities is significantly influenced by the longstanding, negative stereotypes of people with disabilities. OBJECTIVE: To better understand employers’ negative attitudes toward individuals with disabilities, assessment tools must properly capture factors contributing to this stigma. METHODS: The Employers’ Stigmatizing Attitudes toward People with Disabilities Scale (ESATPD) was validated in the current study. RESULTS: Results of the exploratory factor analysis indicate a strong, unidimensional structure of the scale accounting for 47.14% of the total variance with a sample. The single ESATPD factor was labeled employment stigma. In addition, higher levels of employers’ stigma were related to negative attitudes toward disability, decreased support of recruitment efforts, as well as decreased intentions of hiring people with disabilities. CONCLUSION: Results support the implementation of tailored interventions directed at specific areas of concern for employers and employees in hiring positions.

scholarly journals Hemostasis in Infertile Patients Participating in Assisted Reproduction Programmes

Doctor Ru ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
A.O. Godzoeva ◽  
◽  
I.E. Zazerskaya ◽  
V.S. Vlasov ◽  
T.V. Vavilova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Hemostasis System ◽  
Fibrin Monomer ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Venous Thromboembolic Events ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Infertile Patients

Study Objective: To evaluate the impact of multifollicular ovarian stimulation in in vitro fertilisation (IVF) programmes on hemostasis. Study Design: perspective comparative study. Materials and Methods. The study included 68 patients divided into two groups: study group (n = 36) — infertile patients; control group (n = 32) — healthy non-pregnant women of reproductive age. The protocol with gonadotrophin releasing hormone antagonists was used for ovulation stimulation. Hemostasis system in study patients was evaluated in 2 weeks after embryos were transferred to uterus; in control group — on day 20–22 of menstrual period. For the study group, we evaluated clotting test parameters of hemostasis system, D-dimers (D-d) and fibrin monomer (FM). Study Results. We have not found statistically significant differences between hemostasis screening results of study groups. We have identified increase in pro-coagulatory properties of blood in the study group patients: increase in FM and D-d (р < 0.0001 in both cases). There is an association between study parameters and pregnancy (p < 0.001) and no association with obesity, age and infertility. Conclusion. In IVF programme, FM and D-d levels rise, evidencing hypercoagulation development. An increase in FM levels was even more significant and can be used as an early and specific fibrogenesis marker. Keywords: assisted reproductive technologies, fibrin monomer, D-dimer, hypercoagulation, venous thromboembolic events.

Can Yoga Overcome Criminality? The Impact of Yoga on Recidivism in Israeli Prisons

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (13-14) ◽  
pp. 1461-1481
Author(s):  
Shaked Kovalsky ◽  
Badi Hasisi ◽  
Noam Haviv ◽  
Ety Elisha
Keyword(s):  
Informal Education ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Recidivism Rates ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Alternative Practices ◽  
Criminological Theories ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, yoga practices have been integrated into formal prison rehabilitation programs of the Israel Prison Service (IPS), as part of the informal education system, giving rise to innovative criminological theories such as positive criminology that emphasize the development of offenders’ strengths by facilitating rehabilitation and reintegration processes. The purpose of the present study was to examine the correlation between yoga practice and recidivism among released prisoners who participated in yoga programs during their incarceration in comparison with a matched control group of those who did not participate in yoga programs over a follow-up period of 5 years. To examine the effectiveness of the program, propensity score matching was used to compile the comparison group from among all convicted prisoners who were released from the Israeli prisons. Study results indicate that yoga may affect recidivism, supported by a finding of lower recidivism rates among released prisoners who had practiced yoga during their incarceration, compared with a matched control group. However, further study is needed including randomized controlled trials (RCTs). In light of these positive results, we recommend policy-makers consider expanding alternative practices such as yoga into prisons, in recognition of their contribution to the rehabilitation process through the development of personal and social strengths.

scholarly journals Hypoglycemic Effect of a Combined Andrographis paniculata and Caesalpinia sappan Extract in Streptozocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Febrika Wediasari ◽  
Gumilar A. Nugroho ◽  
Zahra Fadhilah ◽  
Berna Elya ◽  
Heri Setiawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Andrographis Paniculata ◽  
Hypoglycemic Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Caesalpinia Sappan ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Researchers usually use herbal combinations to explore and develop traditional medicine to obtain additional benefits in the treatment of diseases, including diabetes. This study aims to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of the combination of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall ex Nees and Caesalpinia sappan Linn extract (APCSE) on diabetes-induced rats. There has not been sufficient research on this combination; however, single extract studies of these plants have been widely conducted. Materials and Methods. Male Sprague Dawley rats (160–200 g) were induced by injecting a low dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg BW) twice and fed with a high-fat diet containing 25% fat, whereas control animals received only standard feed. Rats were treated with APCSE at doses of 100 mg and 200 mg/kg BW for seven days and compared to the APE and CSE groups treated with the extract at 100 mg, respectively. For the control group, rats were treated with metformin with a dose of 250 mg/kg. The antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects were determined by measuring blood glucose levels and lipid profiles (cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and LDL). To assess the impact of the extract on pancreatic and adipose tissue, the number of pancreatic beta cells and adipocytes was evaluated through histopathological and immunohistochemical study. Results and Discussion. In a nonfasting state, the blood glucose change in APCSE 200 mg was 18.65% and was significantly lower from the DM group. However, a single extract of APE and CSE showed lower fasting blood glucose levels compared to the combined extract. Lipid profiles show no significant differences in cholesterol levels between groups; however, all treatment groups, including metformin, showed higher triglyceride levels. The APE-treated group showed significantly lower HDL and LDL, whereas CSE only showed lower LDL. The β-cell number was significantly higher after treatment with single extract CSE. The CSE and the combined extract groups showed hyperplasia adipocytes. Conclusion. The combined extract of APCSE has a moderate antihyperglycemic effect; however, a single extract may have better potential than the combined extract.

scholarly journals The Infant Cuddler Study: Evaluating the effectiveness of volunteer cuddling in infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 414-418
Author(s):  
Amanda Hignell ◽  
Karen Carlyle ◽  
Catherine Bishop ◽  
Mary Murphy ◽  
Teresa Valenzano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Abstinence Syndrome ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives St. Michael’s Hospital launched a volunteer cuddling program for all infants admitted into the neonatal intensive care unit in October 2015. The program utilizes trained volunteers to cuddle infants when caregivers are not available. This was a pilot study to assess the impact of a volunteer cuddle program on length of stay (LOS) and feasibility of implementation of the program. Methods A mixed methods approach was utilized to measure both quantitative and qualitative impact. A pilot cohort study with a retrospective control group assessed the feasibility of implementing a volunteer cuddling program for infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). Length of stay was used as a surrogate marker to measure the impact of cuddling on infants being treated for Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome. Focus groups using semi-structured interviews were conducted with volunteers and nurses at the end of the pilot study. Results LOS was reduced by 6.36 days (U=34, P=0.072) for infants with NAS in the volunteer cuddling program. Focus groups with both bedside nurses and program volunteers described a positive impact of cuddling programs on infants, families, staff, and volunteers alike. Conclusions The study results suggest that the volunteer cuddling program may reduce LOS in infants with NAS and have potential economic savings on hospital resources. However, larger prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm these results.

scholarly journals Identifying the Impact of Using Simulation Programs on Acquiring Physics Concepts for Female Students in Grade 11

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 390
Author(s):  
Nasser S. Almzidi ◽  
Ali H. Al Shuaili
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Laboratory Work ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Work Skills ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Physics Concepts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Grade 11

This study aims at identifying the impact of using Simulation programs on acquiring physics concepts, and development of lab activity skills. The sample consisted of (54) female students in grade 11 in the General Education at schools in Al-Batinah North Governorate. The sample was divided into two groups: The experimental group (n=28) that studied physics using simulation, and the control group (n=26) that studied the same material but using the traditional method of teaching. To achieve the study aims three tools were prepared: The Physics Concepts Test, the Laboratory Work Skills Test, and Laboratory Work Skills Observation Card. After conducting the tests before and after the study treatment, and observing the student while working on the experiments, the study results showed that no statistical differences was indicated between the experimental group and the control group in terms of gain of physics concepts, and all lab activity skills. In addition, the results of the Laboratory Work Skills Observation Card showed that simulation programs made the student make most of the lab activity skills. In view of the findings of the study, some suggestions and recommendations were proposed for future research.

scholarly journals The Impact of Using Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR)intervention for Reducing Teacher Burnout and Enhancing Self-efficacy of teachers of Autism Syndrome Disorder (ASD)

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 3848-3859
Author(s):  
Dr. Moudi Abdullah Amer Alajmi
Keyword(s):  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Teacher Burnout ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction ◽  
The State Of Kuwait ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

The current study aimed to explore the effectiveness of using Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) intervention on reducing teacher burnout of teachers of Autism Syndrome Disorder (ASD).It is also aimed to investigate the impact of decreased teachers' burnout on enhancing the self-efficacy of those teachers. To achieve such goal, Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) intervention and Oldenburg teacher burnout inventory, and Self-efficacy Scale. The sample of the study consists of 32 teachers who teach autistic children in the Autistic Behavior School (ABS) in Jahraa district, in the State of Kuwait. They were divided into two groups; the experimental group including 15 ASD teachers and the control group that includes 17 teachers. Both quantitative and qualitative designs were used; the quasi-experimental research design has been adopted in this study to assess the improvement achieved by the experimental group compared with the control group as a result of using the MBSR intervention program. Also, semi-structured interviews have been held with certain teachers with a high level of burnout. Results of the study revealed statistically significant differences in the mean scores of experimental and control groups in favor of the experimental group. MBSR intervention was effective in alleviating teachers' burnout and enhancing their self-efficacy. Based on the study results, it is recommended that mindfulness strategies should be used to alleviate anxiety, depression, stress, and even burnout teachers experience due to their job especially those teaching children with disabilities and autism.

scholarly journals Comparing Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Nursing Support in Mothers With ‎Newborn Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) and Mothers of Healthy Neonates ‎

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Najmeh Hosseini ◽  
Arash Ghodousi ◽  
Narges Sadeghi ◽  
Somayeh Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Abstinence Syndrome ◽  
Nursing Support ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Background: The experience of having neonates in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is a psychological crisis. It might cause many emotional problems for parents. Entire parental support is among the duties of the healthcare team. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the nursing support received by the mothers with Newborn Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) and the mothers of other neonates admitted to the NICU. Methods: The present cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was conducted in the selected hospitals in Kerman Province, Iran. In total, 62 mothers with NAS and 61 non-addicted mothers with neonates admitted to the NICU were selected through convenience sampling method. The inclusion criteria were neonates under the care of parents, neonate admitted to the NICU for at least 24 hours, opiate dependence in the case group mothers, and no substance dependence in the control group mothers. The amount of nursing support for mothers having neonates with NAS was compared with that of the control mothers. The study groups were homogenized in terms of the study variables (neonate age, gender, and the duration of hospitalization). The required data were collected by the Nurse-Parent Support Tool (NPST) and analyzed in SPSS. Results: The study results revealed that among the neonates of 123 mothers, 75(60.97%) were boys, and 58(39.02%) were girls. The majority of neonates in both groups were breastfed. The mean±SD age of the mothers in the case and control group were 31.93±7.25 and 28.99±4.36 years, respectively. The nursing support level was desirable in both groups, and no significant difference was found in this regard (P>0.05). Furthermore, the level of nursing support in emotional, information-communication, self-esteem, and quality caregiving support dimensions was desirable in both groups. Conclusion: The obtained results revealed that nurses’ support was desirable in both groups. The prevalence of maternal addiction and the impact of this social harm on neonates who were admitted are essential. Furthermore, families having neonates with NAS need more support from the healthcare staff and nurses, in comparison with healthy parents; thus, the importance of this issue should be addressed in training and briefing courses for nurses.

Impact of expressive writing on everyday memory functioning

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S557-S557
Author(s):  
B. Abuhamda ◽  
A. Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Expressive Writing ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Everyday Memory ◽  
Memory Functioning ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionThe suppression of negative feelings and traumatic events has detrimental effect on mental and physical health. One of the promising techniques to reduce stress related to trauma is expressive writing. Expressive writing has been found successful with different types of maladaptive behaviors e.g., pain, depression, anxiety and cognitive dysfunctioning.ObjectivesThis study investigates the impact of different categories of expressive writing on improving every day memory performance and cognitive functioning.AimsExamining the impact of cognitive functioning and everyday memory.MethodsA sample of 90 participants took part in this study. The participants aged (21 and 65 yrs.) 47 of them are females aged between average of (21.64 yrs.), and 43 males aged between average of (21, 49 yrs.). The participants were classified randomly into three groups (a control group, and two experimental groups [pen and oral writing]). The three groups were administered the Every Memory Questionnaire and Taranto Alexithymia Scale.ResultsThe results showed that there were no significant differences among the three groups in each of the Alexithymia and Everyday memory, which indicates random distribution of the three groups. The results showed that both of the experimental groups were improved on everyday memory functioning. More importantly, the results indicated that there were no significant differences between using pen or figures in expressive writing to improve Everyday memory.ConclusionStudy results showed the significant impact of expressive writing on every day memory functioning, furthermore, the study results are used to empathize on the cognitive rehabilitation of the individuals as well as to improve self-esteem on general psychological individual cases.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Postoperative Glycaemia in Patients Following the CABG Surgery

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
Mirsad Kacila ◽  
Elnur Tahirović ◽  
Zina Lazović
Keyword(s):  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Medical Documentation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Antidiabetic Therapy ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Glycaemia Control ◽  
The Impact

In this study we analyzed patients glucose levels taken before and after coronary artery bypass surgery. The data are taken from University of Sarajevo Clinics Centre-medical documentation of Heart Center from January 1st, 2007 to October 31st, 2007. Therefore, the entire study is done retrospectively. The patients considered in this analysis were divided into three groups. The patients in the first group were treated with peroral antidiabetics. The second group included patients treated with insulin while the third group consisted of patients without diabetes and acted as control group. All the patients had increased BMI. In the first two groups glucose levels were elevated before the surgery. Data analysis showed that three patients from the first group changed from peroral antidiabetics to insulin during postoperative period, and they were dismissed from hospital with this therapy. In the control group, peroral antidiabetis were introduced in four patients. The study results show that all the three groups have had high glycaemia on the first postoperative day. This may be caused by a number of reasons: inadequate pre-operative antidiabetic therapy, the impact of stress during surgery, inadequate pre-operative treatment of glycaemia or avoidance of the proscribed therapy by patients themselves. Stress during operation and administration of several medications after operation may also cause increased insulin resistance and distort glycaemia control.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document