Employment and earnings trajectories before and after sickness absence due to major depressive disorder: a nationwide case–control study

ObjectivesTo examine employment and earnings trajectories before and after the first sickness absence period due to major depressive disorder (MDD).MethodsAll individuals (n=158 813) in Finland who had a first sickness absence period (lasting longer than 9 days) due to MDD between 2005 and 2015 were matched with one randomly selected individual of the same age and gender with no history of MDD. Employment status and earnings were measured using register-based data annually from 2005 to 2015. Generalised estimating equations were used to examine the trajectories of employment and earnings before and after MDD diagnosis in men and women separately.ResultsSickness absence due to MDD was associated with increased probability of non-employment during and after the year of the first sickness absence period. In men, but not in women, the probability of being employed was lower 5 years before the sickness absence period due to MDD. When compared with the individuals in the control group, men had around 34% and women 15% lower earnings 1 year, and 40% and 23%, respectively, 5 years, after the first sickness absence period due to MDD. More severe MDD and longer duration of sickness absence period were associated with lower probability of being employed.ConclusionsSickness absence due to MDD was associated with considerable reduction in employment and earnings losses. For men and individuals with more severe MDD, this reduction was before the first sickness period. This supports a reciprocal association between employment and earnings with MDD.

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Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder in offspring of parents with depression and bipolar disorder

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.117.198754 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 210 (6) ◽

pp. 408-412 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Lukas Propper ◽

Jill Cumby ◽

Victoria C. Patterson ◽

Vladislav Drobinin ◽

Jacqueline M. Glover ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Family History ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Control Group ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Mood Dysregulation

BackgroundIt has been suggested that offspring of parents with bipolar disorder are at increased risk for disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD), but the specificity of this association has not been established.AimsWe examined the specificity of DMDD to family history by comparing offspring of parents with (a) bipolar disorder, (b) major depressive disorder and (c) a control group with no mood disorders.MethodWe established lifetime diagnosis of DMDD using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged Children for DSM-5 in 180 youth aged 6–18 years, including 58 offspring of parents with bipolar disorder, 82 offspring of parents with major depressive disorder and 40 control offspring.ResultsDiagnostic criteria for DMDD were met in none of the offspring of parents with bipolar disorder, 6 of the offspring of parents with major depressive disorder and none of the control offspring. DMDD diagnosis was significantly associated with family history of major depressive disorder.ConclusionsOur results suggest that DMDD is not specifically associated with a family history of bipolar disorder and may be associated with parental depression.

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Cognitive style, personality and vulnerability to postnatal depression

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.109.064683 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 196 (3) ◽

pp. 200-205 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Lisa Jones ◽

Jan Scott ◽

Caroline Cooper ◽

Liz Forty ◽

Katherine Gordon Smith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Cognitive Style ◽

Postnatal Depression ◽

Control Group ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Cognitive Vulnerabilities ◽

Healthy Female ◽

History Of ◽

Recurrent Major Depressive Disorder

BackgroundOnly some women with recurrent major depressive disorder experience postnatal episodes. Personality and/or cognitive styles might increase the likelihood of experiencing postnatal depression.AimsTo establish whether personality and cognitive style predicts vulnerability to postnatal episodes over and above their known relationship to depression in general.MethodWe compared personality and cognitive style in women with recurrent major depressive disorder who had experienced one or more postnatal episodes (postnatal depression (PND) group, n=143) with healthy female controls (control group, n=173). We also examined parous women with recurrent major depressive disorder who experienced no perinatal episodes (non-postnatal depression (NPND) group, n=131).ResultsThe PND group had higher levels of neuroticism and dysfunctional beliefs, and lower self-esteem than the control group. However, there were no significant differences between the PND and NPND groups.ConclusionsEstablished personality and cognitive vulnerabilities for depression were reported by women with a history of postnatal depression, but there was no evidence that any of these traits or styles confer a specific risk for the postnatal onset of episodes.

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Sleep Patterns in Patients with OCD

CNS Spectrums ◽

10.1017/s1092852900002637 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 39-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. Okasha ◽

M. El Sayed ◽

T. Asaad ◽

A. Self El Dawla ◽

T. Okasha

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Slow Wave Sleep ◽

Efficiency Index ◽

Control Group ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

History Of ◽

Psychopathological Disorders

AbstractObjectives:(1) To determine whether there are sleep variables specific for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) that are identifiable on polysomnographic findings; (2) to determine the possible relationship of OCD to other psychopathological disorders, with special emphasis on major depressive disorder (MDD).Methods:Eighteen patients suffering from OCD (five of whom had a comorbid depressive disorder) were assessed by means of a standardized sleep questionnaire, the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) for the assessment of severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and overnight polysomnography. Results were compared with those from a control group of 18 age- and sex-matched controls with no history of psychiatric disorders.Results:We found a significant decrease in sleep efficiency index (SEI), REM percent, REM latency, and slow wave sleep latency among OCD patients, compared with controls. The presence of comorbid major depression had no effect on the severity of OCD and had no significant effect on the sleep measures.Conclusions:Sleep changes recorded polysomnographically in patients with OCD can be primary in origin and are independent of an associated major depressive disorder.

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Symptom Profile of Major Depressive Disorder in Women with Eating Disorders

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1080/00048670601057718 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 24-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

Fernando Fernandez-Aranda ◽

Andrea Poyastro Pinheiro ◽

Federica Tozzi ◽

Maria La Via ◽

Laura M. Thornton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Symptom Profile ◽

Before And After ◽

History Of ◽

New Onset

Objective: Based on the well-documented association between eating disorders (EDs) and affective disorders, the patterns of comorbidity of EDs and major depressive disorder (MDD) were investigated. The temporal relation between EDs and MDD onset was analyzed to determine differences in the course and nature of MDD when experienced prior to versus after the onset of the ED. Method: Lifetime MDD and depressive symptoms were assessed in 1371 women with a history of ED. The prevalence of MDD was first explored across ED subtypes, and ages of onset of MDD and EDs were compared. Depressive symptoms were examined in individuals who developed MDD before and after ED onset. Results: The lifetime prevalence of MDD was 72.9%. Among those with lifetime MDD (n =963), 34.5% reported MDD onset before the onset of ED. Those who experienced MDD first reported greater psychomotor agitation (OR =1.53; 95%CI =1.14–2.06), and thoughts of own death (but not suicide attempts or ideation; OR =1.73; 95%CI =1.31–2.30). Among individuals who had MDD before ED, 26.5% had the MDD onset during the year before the onset of ED; 67% of individuals had the onset of both disorders within the same 3 year window. Conclusion: Clinicians treating individuals with new-onset ED or MDD should remain vigilant for the emergence of additional psychopathology, especially during the initial 3 year window following the onset of the first disorder.

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Trajectories for mood states during a multi-session neurofeedback training intervention in major depressive disorder

10.31234/osf.io/2msqp ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

David Marc Anton Mehler ◽

Stefanie Kunas ◽

Moses O. Sokunbi ◽

Rainer Göbel ◽

David E.J. Linden

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Mood States ◽

Control Group ◽

Neurofeedback Training ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Total Mood Disturbance ◽

Before And After ◽

Randomised Controlled

Background: Non-invasive neurofeedback training is currently explored as a potential add-on therapy to treat patients suffering from major depressive disorder, and first trials show promising clin-ical effects. The temporal evolution of therapeutic change, however, remains unclear. Methods: Profile of mood states (POMS) questionnaire ratings were collected immediately before and after five sessions of real-time fMRI neurofeedback training (rt-fMRI-NFT) in a randomised controlled trial (RCT). Data were analysed for within and between treatment sessions ef-fects. Results: Trajectories of mood profiles varied between subscales. Total mood disturbance and the subscales depression and tension showed both within and between treatment sessions ef-fects, although within-session effects were descriptively larger. Limitations: The sample size was relatively small owed to the current state of the rt-fMRI-NFT field. No data from a sham-neurofeedback control group was available. Conclusions: The presented data provides a better understanding of when changes in mood states occur. The POMS questionnaire allows monitoring rapid and slowly evolving changes in mood states and can thus inform future study designs for neuromodulation and psychological in-terventions for mental disorders.

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Reduced latency to first antidepressant treatment in Italian patients with a more recent onset of major depressive disorder

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.715 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S529-S529

Author(s):

B. Grancini ◽

B. Dell’Osso ◽

L. Cremaschi ◽

F. De Cagna ◽

B. Benatti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Antidepressant Treatment ◽

Stressful Events ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Recent Onset ◽

Valid Predictor ◽

Before And After ◽

Competing Interest ◽

Year 2000

IntroductionMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent burdensome disease, which frequently remains untreated. The duration of untreated illness (DUI) is modifiable parameter and a valid predictor of outcome. Previous investigation in patients with MDD revealed a DUI of different years, while recent reports have documented a reduction of DUI across time, in patients with different psychiatric disorders.Objectives/aimsThe present study was aimed to investigate potential differences in terms of DUI and related variables in patients with MDD across time.MethodsAn overall sample of 188 patients with MDD was divided in two subgroups on the basis of their epoch of onset (onset before and after year 2000). DUI and other onset-related variables were assessed through a specific questionnaire and compared between the two subgroups.ResultsThe whole sample showed a mean DUI of approximately 4.5 years, with a lower value in patients with more recent onset compared to the other subgroup (27.1 ± 42.6 vs. 75.8 ± 105.2 months, P < .05). Moreover, patients with onset after 2000 reported higher rates of onset-related stressful events and lower ones for benzodiazepines prescription (65% vs. 81%; P = 0.02; 47% vs. 30%; P = 0.02).ConclusionsThe comparison of groups with different epochs of onset showed a significant reduction in terms of DUI and benzodiazepines prescription, and a higher rate of onset-related stressful events in patients with a more recent onset. Reported findings are of epidemiologic and clinical relevance in order to evaluate progress and developments in the diagnostic and therapeutic pathways of MDD in Italian and other countries.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Preventive Effect of Liothyronine on Electroconvulsive Therapy-Induced Memory Deficit in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A Double-Blind Controlled Clinical Trial

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/503918 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Arash Mohagheghi ◽

Asghar Arfaie ◽

Shahrokh Amiri ◽

Masoud Nouri ◽

Salman Abdi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽

Visual Memory ◽

Memory Deficit ◽

Control Group ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Double Blind ◽

The Impact

Introduction and Objective. Despite the effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in treating major depressive disorder (MDD), its cognitive side effects make it less popular. This study investigated the impact of liothyronine on ECT-induced memory deficit in patients with MDD.Methodology. This is a double-blind clinical trial, in which 60 patients with MDD who were referred for ECT were selected. The diagnosis was based on the criteria of DSM-IV-TR. Patients were divided randomly into two groups to receive either liothyronine (50 mcg every morning) or placebo. After the assessment with Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) before first session of ECT, posttests were repeated again, two months after the completion of ECT.Findings. By controlling the pretest scores, the mean scores of the experimental group were higher than the control group in delayed recall, verbal memory, visual memory, general memory, and attention/concentration scales (P<0.05).Conclusion. Liothyronine may prevent ECT-induced memory impairment in patients with MDD. This study has been registered in IRCT underIRCT201401122660N2.

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Increased Maternal Inflammation and Poorer Infant Neurobehavioural Competencies in Women with A History of Major Depressive Disorder From the Psychiatry Research and Motherhood – Depression (PRAM-D) Study

Brain Behavior and Immunity ◽

10.1016/j.bbi.2021.09.020 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sarah Osborne ◽

Alessandra Biaggi ◽

Katie Hazelgrove ◽

Andrea Du Preez ◽

Naghmeh Nikkheslat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Maternal Inflammation ◽

History Of

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Optical Coherence Tomography and Pattern Electroretinography Changes in Egyptian Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

QJM ◽

10.1093/qjmed/hcab109.023 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Mostafa S ElShaarawi ◽

Ayman A Gaafar ◽

Hisham S. Saad Eldin ◽

Randa H Ali

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Control Group ◽

Ophthalmological Examination ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Fiber Layer ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pattern Electroretinography

Abstract Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric disorder that affects nearly 11.1-14.6 % of the population in their lifetime. Pathophysiology and brain imaging findings show that degenerative and inflammatory processes may play a role. Meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies in MDD demonstrated significant gray matter loss. From anatomical and embryological perspectives, the retina can be considered a unique extension of the brain and is able to reflect axonal histopathology. Being unmyelinated, it can provide insight into the pathophysiological processes of diseases with a neurodegenerative element. Aim to compare retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters in a group of MDD patients with a healthy control group and to correlate OCT parameters with pattern electroretinography (PERG) parameters. Method a controlled cross sectional study was conducted on 30 MDD patients and 28 age and sex matched controls. Both groups had a full ophthalmological examination, OCT imaging and 7 patients and 11 controls have PERG recorded. Results Thinning of the superior retinal nerve fiber layer, thinning of most of the ganglion cell inner plexiform (GCIP) layer, thinning of most of the macular thickness and thinning of macular volume in both eyes were detected. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the left GCIP layer and the amplitude of the N95 wave. Also a statistically significant negative correlation existed between MDD duration in years with the left eye's average volume of the outer ring of the macula. Conclusion Significant retinal changes were detected by OCT in MDD patients supporting the theory of neurodegeneration as a pathophysiology of MDD.

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