18.4 Correlation between elbow flexion angle and joint loading of the upper extremity during a forward fall

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. S113-S114
Author(s):  
P.H. Chou ◽  
Y.L. Chou ◽  
C.K. Chen ◽  
Y.C. Shi
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Joint Loading

scholarly journals Distinction of Students and Expert Therapists Based on Therapeutic Motions on a Robotic Device Using Support Vector Machine

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 790-797
Author(s):  
Koike Yuji ◽  
Suzuki Makoto ◽  
Okino Akihisa ◽  
Takeda Kazuhisa ◽  
Takanami Yasuhiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Exercise Therapy ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Robot Arm ◽  
Clinical Practices

Abstract Purpose To clarify the feature values of exercise therapy that can differentiate students and expert therapists and use this information as a reference for exercise therapy education. Methods The participants were therapists with 5 or more years of clinical experience and 4th year students at occupational therapist training schools who had completed their clinical practices. The exercise therapy task included Samothrace (code name, SAMO) exercises implemented on the elbow joint based on the elbow flexion angle, angular velocity, and exercise interval recordings. For analyses and student/therapist comparisons, the peak flexion angle, peak velocity, and movement time were calculated using data on elbow angle changes acquired via SAMO. Subsequently, bootstrap data were generated to differentiate between the exercise therapy techniques adopted by therapists and students, and a support vector machine was used to generate four types of data combinations with the peak flexion angle, peak velocity, and movement time values. These data were used to estimate and compare the respective accuracies with the Friedman test. Results The peak flexion angles were significantly smaller in the case of students. Furthermore, the peak velocities were larger, the peak flexion angles were smaller, and the movement times were shorter compared with those of therapists. The combination of peak velocity and peak flexion angle yielded the highest diagnostic accuracies. Conclusion When students and therapists performed upper limb exercise therapy techniques based on the kinematics movement of a robot arm, the movement speeds and joint angles differed. The combination of peak velocity and peak flexion angle was the most effective classifier used for the differentiation of the abilities of students and therapists. The peak velocity and peak flexion angle of the therapist group can be used as a reference for students when they learn upper limb therapeutic exercise techniques.

The reproducibility and responsiveness of subjective assessment of upper limb associated reactions in people with acquired brain injury during walking

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle B Kahn ◽  
Ross A Clark ◽  
Kelly J Bower ◽  
Benjamin F Mentiplay ◽  
Pua Yong Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Rehabilitation Centre ◽  
Injury Rehabilitation

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine inter-rater, test–retest and intra-rater reproducibility and responsiveness of subjective assessment of upper limb associated reactions in people with acquired brain injury using (1) the ‘Qualifiers Scale’ of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Framework, and (2) visually estimated elbow flexion angle during walking. Design: Observational study. Setting: A brain injury rehabilitation centre, Melbourne, Australia. Subjects: People with acquired brain injury and upper limb associated reactions and experienced neurological physiotherapists. Main measures: The Qualifiers Scale applied to individual upper limb joints and global associated reaction on a 5-point scale (0–4), a summed upper limb severity score and visually estimated elbow flexion angle. Results: A total of 42 people with acquired brain injury (mean age: 48.4 ± 16.5 years) were videoed walking at self-selected and fast speeds. A subset of 30 chronic brain injury participants (mean time post injury: 8.2 ± 9.3 years) were reassessed one week later for retest reproducibility. Three experienced neurological physiotherapists (mean experience: 22.7 ± 9.1 years) viewed these videos and subjectively rated the upper limb associated reactions. Strong-to-very strong test–retest, intra- and inter-rater reproducibility was found for elbow flexion angle (ICC > 0.86) and the Qualifiers Scale applied to global and individual upper limb joints (ICC > 0.60). Responsiveness of change from self-selected to fast walking speed (mean increase 0.46 m/s) was highest for elbow flexion angle (effect size = 0.83) and low-to-moderate for the Qualifiers Scale. Conclusion: Subjectively rated associated reactions during walking demonstrated strong reproducibility and moderate responsiveness to speed change. The Qualifiers Scale and elbow flexion angle can both subjectively quantify associated reactions during walking in a clinical setting.

scholarly journals ENERGY ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT TRUNK TILTING ANGLES ON JOINT LOADING DURING FALL ON AN OUTSTRETCHED HAND

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (06) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
MING-CHANG TSAI ◽  
PEI-HSI CHOU ◽  
YOU-LI CHOU ◽  
TING-SHENG LIN
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Joint Loading ◽  
Ccd Cameras ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Motion System ◽  
Outstretched Hand ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
The Relationship

From previous researches, studies on the forward fall had focused on the relationship between the joint loading and position of the forearm and elbow. Previous studies also stressed the importance of energy absorption by the shoulder and elbow during the forward fall. However, the effects of different tilting angles on joint loading of the upper extremity had not been presented. This study investigated the effects of different tilting angles on joint loading of the upper extremity during fall on an outstretched hand. The absorbed energy at Ts, T1, T2 and Te were analyzed. Ten healthy young males were selected in this study. Subjects were adjusted to different trunk tilting angles of 0°, 10°, 20° and 30°with a custom-made suspension system with an outstretched hand of 5 cm height above the ground. The expert vision motion system with 6 CCD cameras and one force plate were used to collect kinetics and kinematics data. The results showed that shoulder would absorb the most impact energy and followed by wrist and elbow. The time period at T2 to Te absorbed more energy in every joint.

ELBOW LOAD DURING DIFFERENT TYPES OF BENCH-PRESS EXERCISE

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (03) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Hsi Chou ◽  
Shu-Zon Lou ◽  
Shen-Kai Chen ◽  
Hsin-Chieh Chen ◽  
Tzu-Hsiang Hsia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Elbow Joint ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Joint Loading ◽  
Flexion Extension

The bench press is one of the most popular weight training open-kinetic chain exercise (OKCE) for the upper extremity. Reviewing the literature, there is a very little research regarding the biomechanical analysis of the OKCE of the upper extremity. The purpose of this study is to develop an OKCE testing model of the upper extremity by using the 3D Motion Analysis System. Furthermore, elbow joint loading of two different hand grip position during the bench-press exercise will be investigated. Thirteen male students volunteered for the study. Their average age was 26.1 years, with an average height of 170.6 cm, and an average weight of 70.3 kg. With both hands in neutral position, each subject was asked to perform bench-press type 1 (normal shoulder width), and bench-press type 2 (150% shoulder width). During the type 2 bench-press exercise, there is a significant increase in anterior–posterior and medial–lateral force on the elbow joint loading than the type 1 bench-press exercise. The valgus–varus, flexion–extension moment, and supination–pronation moment of the type 2 bench-press exercise are also greater than the type 1 bench-press exercise. As shown in this study, keeping the distance of both hand grips as shoulder width may reduce the elbow joint loading during bench-press exercise. These data will provide helpful information in clinical rehabilitation and treatment of the upper-extremity injures.

scholarly journals The Effects of Elbow Flexion Angles on Handgrip Force Production among Trained Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 730-732
Keyword(s):  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Full Extension ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Dominant Side

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of elbow flexion angles on handgrip force production. 200 women involved voluntarily as participants in this study. Participants were required to perform handgrip dynamometer strength test in three elbow flexion angle conditions; i) 0˚ (full extension), ii) 90˚ and iii) full degrees. Participants were given three trials for each side (dominant and non-dominant) in all three elbow flexion angles. Results showed that in all elbow flexion angles, dominant handgrip force were higher compared to the non-dominant side. Besides that, performing handgrip with 0˚ elbow flexion produced greatest force followed by 90˚ and full elbow flexion. To conclude, testers need to standardize the handgrip strength test procedures as different in elbow flexion angles and the use of dominant/non-dominant sides were shown to significantly affect the force production.

scholarly journals The effect of smartphone usage on the upper extremity performance among Saudi Youth, KSA

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (29) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Khalid Alruzayhi ◽  
Muath Salman Almuhaini ◽  
Akrm Ibrahem Alwassel ◽  
Osama Mansour Alateeq
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Shoulder Abduction ◽  
Smartphone Addiction ◽  
Awareness Campaign ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Shoulder Flexion ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The current study aims to investigate the effect of smartphone usage on the upper extremity performance among Saudi youth. A goniometer to measure the Range of Motion (ROM), the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS), McGill Pain scale and Chattanooga stabilizer were used to perform the current study on a sample of 300 university students from Al-Imam Mohammed Bin Saud University. The results have shown that smartphone addiction is negatively correlated to the elbow flexion, shoulder flexion, shoulder extension, shoulder abduction, shoulder adduction, and both shoulder internal and external rotation. Furthermore, the results have shown that McGill pain scores were positively correlated to elbow flexion, shoulder flexion, shoulder extension, shoulder abduction, shoulder adduction, and both shoulder internal and external rotation. The study has concluded that smartphone usage among Saudi youth negatively affects the upper extremity and causes a significant increase in the pain intensity. The study has recommended that there is an urgent need for a significant awareness campaign to warn the community regarding the impact of using smartphones for long periods of time.

Oral Creatine Supplementation and Upper Extremity Anaerobic Response in Females

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karyn L. Hamilton ◽  
Michael C. Meyers ◽  
William A. Skelly ◽  
Robert J. Marley
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Isokinetic Torque ◽  
To Receive

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of creatine monohydrate () on upper extremity anaerobic response in strength-trained females involved in overhand sports. Two movements were utilized in this evaluation: elbow flexion (EF) and shoulder internal rotation (IR). Subjects were pair-matched and assigned to receive placebo (n = 13) or 25 g (n = 11) for 7 days. Pre- and post-treatment measurements included peak concentric and eccentric isokinetic torque, isotonic 1RM, and fatigue (FAT) during EF; isotonic 1RM, FAT, and peak velocity during IR; and body weight. MANOVAs revealed significant interaction between treatment and trial for EF (p < .05) but not for IR or weight. Univariate analysis indicated a significantly greater change in following than following placebo. Thus, did not influence peak EF or IR strength, IR work to fatigue, or IR velocity, but was associated with greater work capacity during fatiguing EF. These data suggest that may enhance upper extremity work capacity, but this enhancement may not extend to the muscles primarily responsible for overhand sports performance.

scholarly journals Gracilis free muscle transfer for restoration of function after complete brachial plexus avulsion

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. Barrie ◽  
Scott P. Steinmann ◽  
Alexander Y. Shin ◽  
Robert J. Spinner ◽  
Allen T. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Muscle Transfer ◽  
Muscle Flaps ◽  
Wrist Extension ◽  
Finger Flexion ◽  
Vascular Insufficiency ◽  
Flexion Strength

Object The authors report the functional outcomes after functioning free muscle transfer (FFMT) for restoration of the upper-extremity movement after brachial plexus injury (BPI). Methods The authors conducted a retrospective review of 36 gracilis FFMT procedures performed in 27 patients with BPI between 1990 and 2000. Eighteen patients underwent a single gracilis FFMT procedure for restoration of either elbow flexion (17 cases) or finger flexion (one case). Nine patients underwent a double free muscle transfer for simultaneous restoration of elbow flexion and wrist extension (first muscle) and finger flexion (second muscle), combined with direct triceps neurotization. The results obtained in 29 cases of FFMT in which the follow-up period was 1 year are reported. Neurotization of the donor muscle was performed using the musculocutaneous nerve (one case), spinal accessory nerve (12 cases), or multiple intercostal motor nerves (16 cases). Two second-stage muscle flaps failed secondary to vascular insufficiency. Mean electromyography-measured reinnervation time was 5 months. At a minimum follow-up period of 1 year, five muscles achieved less than or equal to Grade M2, eight Grade M3, four Grade M4, and 12 Grade M5. Transfer for combined elbow flexion and wrist extension compared with elbow flexion alone lowered the overall results for elbow flexion strength. Seventy-nine percent of the FFMTs for elbow flexion alone (single transfer) and 63% of similarly innervated muscles transferred for combined motion achieved at least Grade M4 elbow flexion strength. Conclusions Functioning free muscle transfer is a viable reconstructive option for restoration of upper-extremity function in the setting of severe BPI. It is possible to achieve good to excellent outcomes in terms of muscle grades with the simultaneous reconstruction of two functions by one FFMT, making restoration of basic hand function possible. More reliable results are obtained when a single FFMT is performed for a single function.

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