The State of the State Taxes

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
Michael J. Semes
Keyword(s):  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-54
Author(s):  
M. Gopinath Reddy ◽  
Bishnu Prasad Mohapatra

The debates on the devolution of powers to the panchayats since the last two decades received enormous attention because of the increasing role played by these institutions in planning and implementation of the development programmes in rural India. But it is observed that devolution agenda including the agenda of fiscal devolution and tax decentralization has not been taken up sincerely in many states including the states of Andhra Pradesh and Odisha. Based on the review of secondary data, the present article critically examines the status of the fiscal devolution to the panchayats in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Odisha. This article argues that both the states need to strengthen the own revenue of panchayats based on the recommendations of the Finance Commissions of the respective states. In this context, the process of tax decentralization and principles of sharing the state taxes should receive paramount importance.


Author(s):  
T.P. Rogozhnikova

A fiscal document important for the history of Siberia is introduced into the linguistic scientific turnover. The terminology of taxation as a fragment of the state language of the Peter’s era is studied. The lexeme tax (tyaglo) is analysed in detail as a hyperonym for state taxes and duties. Based on a comprehensive analysis, the structure of the lexical meaning, paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations of the term are described.


1981 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. McLure

A recurring theme in the literature on taxation has been uncertainty about the incidence of the corporate income tax. The answer may be even more elusive for state taxes than for federal taxes. As seen by one state, a corporate income tax levied on the basis oformula apportionment of total income is a composite of taxes levied on whatever factors enter the state's apportionment formula. Such a tax is likely to be borne primarily by residents of the taxing state, as consumers, immobile workers, and owners of land and immobile capital. Substantial shifting to consumers or capitalists throughout the nation is unlikely.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-42
Author(s):  
Ade Ponirah

Taxes are a source of cash income for the state. Taxes are levied on taxpayers with applicable provisions. One of the largest contributors of tax receipts is from corporate taxpayers. Tax avoidance is part of an active effort to fight taxes, all actions taken directly to avoid taxes. Asset intensity is a long-term asset and this asset is operational support of the company and will not be sold. A debt policy is a policy determined by the company to meet the needs of funds derived from debt. This research uses descriptive methods and quantitative approaches using secondary data supported by literature and documentation studies. The results showed that partial asset intensity had no significant effect on tax avoidance. Similarly, debt policy has no significant effect on tax avoidance. Simultaneously asset intensity and debt policy have an insignificant effect on tax avoidance with a contribution of 22%. Keywords: Asset Intensity, Debt Policy, Tax Avoidance


1982 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 206-211
Author(s):  
George T. McGee ◽  
Harry L. Haney ◽  
William C. Siegel

Abstract State income tax provisions in the South vary greatly, but all have a significant effect on timber investment, particularly for private nonindustrial forestry (PNIF). To illustrate the impact of state taxes we computed the 1981 tax liability for hypothetical PNIF owners with both medium and high incomes and, further, for managed and unmanaged forest land. With forest management, the state portion of total tax ranged from 0-31 percent (medium income) and 0-19 (high income); with no forest management, the state portion ranged from 0-25 (medium) and 0-17 (high).


Author(s):  
Artem Lyapanov

The article examines the system of taxing peasants of the state village since the introduction of the reform proposed by P.D. Kiselev. The paper intends to define whether the reform has improved the situation or the state peasants remained «serfs of the Russian state»? The analysis showed that the duties imposed on the state peasants were a serious burden for them. The study defined the specificity of numerous state taxes (monetary and taxes in-kind) and feudal quitrents, which badly complicated the peasants economic conditions. Natural duties, distracting peasants from agricultural labor, caused them a significant damage. Peasants sought to get rid of them, for example, as in the case of recruiting duty, when they had to hire «hunters» redeem bonds paying large sums of money or collect money from rural societies to pay out the road duty and the duty on horse-drawn vehicle. The article also presents evidences of some positive trends in the taxation system which were noticeable: streamlining of fees, control over them and reduction of arrears. The study concluded that these facts and many others indicate the improvement of the situation with taxing peasants in Russia in the late 19th century.


Author(s):  
Cheremisin O.

The paper analyzes the effect of special, additional and individual legislative acts adopted by the central authorities in order to supplement and specify the positions of the Charter of 1785 to improve the financial state of the towns and cities in the Southern Ukrainian region. The role of the regional-individual laws for the towns and cities in the South of Ukraine was extremely important since they offered opportunities for the development of the municipal budgets and trade. Excise duties, farming of revenues and servitude were common for all the provinces in the South of Ukraine. They differed in private privileges, for instance, class payments were more characteristic of the towns in Ekaterinoslav province, more privileges were given on trade and land ownership for the towns of Taurida province. The only province in the South of Ukraine, the towns of which were given some financial assistance, was Kherson province. Financial support was given to the towns from the state treasury for the best payment of the state taxes. But the only conclusion that can be drawn is that the towns and cities in the South of Ukraine did not have a satisfactory financial position. According to new laws, many positive phenomena were introduced, but the financial position of the towns and cities did not improve. For instance, the self-government had more opportunities and rights in managing the municipal economy and more independence in the formation and use of the budget. But the general plan of dividing estimates into mandatory and non-mandatory costs, direct and indirect, current and occasional profits, direct and indirect, ordinary and extraordinary remained without changes. The conclusions emphasize that, as a result of the effect of additional, special and individual laws, the newly-established municipal public authorities in the South of Ukraine received mandatory costs for the state needs with much less opportunities in financial and economic initiative. Therefore, the social-economic activity was enclosed in the space of legislative-administrative directives, but the activity of individual municipalities had their own specificity of the development.Key words: the South of Ukraine, municipal authorities, municipality, legislation, legal frame. У статті аналізується дія спеціальних, додаткових та індивідуальних законодавчих актів, які приймались центральною владою з метою доповнення та уточнення позицій Жалуваної грамоти 1785 р. для покращення фінансового становища міст південноукраїнського регіону. Роль регіонально-індивідуальних законів для міст Півдня України була надзвичайно важлива, оскільки вони створювали можливості для розвитку міських бюджетів та торгівлі. Спільними у всіх губерніях Півдня України були акцизні збори, винні відкупи, постійна повинність. Різнилися у приватних пільгах. Так, для міст Катеринославської губернії більш характерним явищем було станові виплати, для міст Таврійської губернії більше пільг надавалося для розвитку торгівлі та щодо земельної власності. Єдиною губернією Півдня України, у міста якої призначалась певна грошова допомога, була Херсонська. Із державної казни надавалось фінансове заохочення містам за найкраще виконання державних податків, але висновок можна зробити лише єдиний, що в містах Півдня України було незадовільне фінансове становище. Нові закони стимулювали появу багатьох позитивних явищ, але особливо не покращувалася фінансова система міста. Так, самоврядування отримало більше можливостей і прав у веденні міського господарства і більше самостійність у формуванні та використанні бюджету. Але сам загальний план поділу кошторисів на обов’язкові та необов’язкові витрати, прибутки поточні та випадкові, прямі та не прямі, ординарні та надзвичайні збереглися без особливих змін. У висновках відзначено, що результатом дії додат-кових, спеціальних та індивідуальних законів стало те, що новостворені міські громадські інституції влади на Півдні України отримали обов’язкові витрати на державні потреби із значно зменшеними можливостями у фінансовій та господарській ініці-ативі. Тому соціально-економічна активність виявилася в замкнутому просторі законодавчо-адміністративних настанов, але із розвитком індивідуальних особливостей у діяльності кожного окремого муніципалітету.Ключові слова: Південь України, міське самоврядування, муніципалітет, законодавство, правова система.


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