SUKUK AND BONDS IN INDONESIA: AN OVERVIEW

From the early 1920s to the late 20th century, there were at least 25 financial crises globally. In 2018, the Global Islamic Finance Report reported that Indonesia has tremendous potential to develop Islamic finance. Some of the Islamic financial products that can be developed in Indonesia are bonds and sukuk. Bonds are a product of the capital market. In its development, bonds have undergone relatively rapid innovation, which provides room for issuing Islamic bonds known as sukuk. This paper discusses the difference between sukuk and bonds. This paper aims to look at the differences between sukuk and bonds and the opportunities for issuance, application, and development of sukuk in Indonesia. This research is qualitative research that is literature. As for obtaining comprehensive results, this study uses two approaches consisting of a socio-historical approach and content analysis. The analysis results show that sukuk are in principle the same as bonds, with the main differences, among others, in the use of the concept of return and profit-sharing as a substitute for interest. Keywords: Sukuk; Bond; Sharia Bonds; Capital market; Indonesia

PERBANDINGAN SISTEM BAGI HASIL DAN BUNGA SERTA IMPLEMENTASI PADA BIAYA

Perilaku produsen dipengaruhi oleh dua motif, yakni maksimalisasi profit dan minimalisasi biaya, untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut dibutuhkan suatu cara yang paling efektif dan efisien dengan memilih jenis sumber modal atau biaya. Perusahaan dalam pandangan Islam dapat memilih sumber modal yang tepat untuk mengoptimalkan output (produk) perusahaan, seperti qard, syirkah, mudharabah. Terdapat empat aspek dalam perdandingan sestem bagi hasil dan biaya: (1) biaya bunga yang harus dibayarkan produsen bersifat tetap, sehingga termasuk pada biaya (fixed cost), sedangkan dalam sistem bagi hasil akan mempengaruhi pada total revenue, (2) sistem profit sharing, ketika rugi kurva total revenue digambarkan dengan mulut buaya bawah, sedangkan ketika untung digambarkan dengan mulut buaya atas, berbeda halnya dengan sistem revenue sharing, kurva total revenue bergeser mendekati garis horizontal, (3) produksi dalam jumlah yang sama (Q), biaya total sistem bagi hasil selalu lebih kecil dibandingkan sitem bunga, dikarenakan bunga menjadi beban bagi produsen, karena biaya tetap naik, maka akan meningkatkan biaya total, (4) memaksimalkan produksi tanpa ada perubahan biaya, dengan menggunakan kurva TC yaitu membandingkan biaya total sistem bunga dengan sistem bagi hasil, dari hasil analisis menunjukkan biaya yang sama, jumlah produksi yang dihasilkan sistem bagi hasil lebih efisien dibandingkan sistem bunga. Kata Kunci: Sistem Bagi Hasil, Sistem Bunga, Biaya Produksi

PENGARUH SISTEM KARTEL DALAM SISTEM PERDAGANGAN DI INDONESIA

Artikel ini berangkat dari fenomena banyaknya sistem kerjasama antar pengusaha yang secara sistemik mengatur dan menjalankan berbagai strategi demi tujuan dan keuntungan yang ditetapkan sedemikin rupa. Salah satu sistem kerjasama dimaksud adalah Kartel. Pada hampir setiap kegiatan ekonomi pangan, peluang terjadinya fenomena kartel selalu muncul. Selain karena kecenderungan perburuan rente di kalangan pelaku ekonomi yang tumbuh subur, fenomena kartel juga muncul karena lemahnya struktur penegakan aturan main, lemahnya pengawasan dan buruknya kualitas kebijakan ekonomi pemerintah secara umum. Bila dilihat dari cara memperoleh keuntungan, kartel pada dasarnya sama dengan praktek monopoli yang dilarang karena menimbulkan persaingan usaha yang tidak sehat. Hal tersebut mengacu adanya kerja sama antara perusahaan yang sejenis yang menimbulkan kerugian pada konsumen. Kata Kunci: kartel, monopoli, konsumen, kebijakan ekonomi.

TEORI KONSUMSI ISLAM

Jurnal ini akan menjelaskan teori konsumsi Islam yang jarang dilaksakanan oleh umat Islam. Pandangan yang membuat kita mengerti batasan dari sebuah konsumsi. Konsumsi adalah salah satu bagian dari kegiatan ekonomi yang penting, karena tanpa konsumsi maka tidak akan ada kegiatan ekonomi. Globalisasi ekonomi telah memberikan kemajuan yang sangat baik dalam kehidupan manusia. Tetapi, hal ini juga melebarkan potensi kesalahan pemahaman arti dari konsumsi itu sendiri, baik secara epistimoligi, aksiologi, dan ontologis. Bahaya dalam kesalahan memandang arti dari konsumsi bisa menyebabkan kejahatan moral dan etika ekonomi yang dilakukan oleh para pelaku bisnis dan konsumen. Hal ini menimbulkan kerugian baik secara ekonomi maupun dampak sosial yang ditimbulkan. Metode penulisan yang digunakan dalam jurnal ini menggunakan literature review. Hasil penelitian dalam jurnal ini menemukan kesimpulan bahwa diperlukannya perbaikan dalam teori konsumsi dalam segi matematis yang bisa menggambarkan suatu permasalahan. Kata Kunci : Islam, Konsumsi, Globalisasi.

PENERAPAN RASIONALITAS EKONOMI ISLAM DALAM MENGENDALIKAN PERILAKU ISRAF DI TENGAH PANDEMI

Human beings as social beings in an effort to meet the needs of their lives are always doing economic activities. To regulate these economic activities, there are several economic systems that can be applied, some that adhere to the capitalist economic system, some that adhere to the social economic system. But as Muslims should impose an economic system can put the interests of the people above personal interests so as to create rationality in conducting economic activities. As a human being who has lust tends to have excessive consumption behavior (israf), but man also has a sense that is able to control consumptive nature so that in fulfilling the needs of his life man always control himself to be free from israf behavior. In the making of this journal the author uses qualitative research methods with literature research. Keywords: Rationality, Islamic Economy, Israf

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI MINAT NASABAH TERHADAP PRODUK RAHN PADA PEGADAIAN SYARIAH

The growing development of sharia-related products that are increasingly crowded in Indonesia also has an effect on the business development of PT Pegadaian (Persero). Therefore, PT Pegadaian (Persero) also issued a new product that smelled of sharia under the name Pegadaian Syariah. The legal basis for the establishment of Sharia Pawnshops is PP No. 103 dated November 10 2000 and Fatwa DSN No. 25 / DSN-MUI / III / 2002 concerning Rahn. For this reason, this study aims to examine and analyze the effect of promotions, prices and loan disbursement procedures on customer interest in using rahn products in Islamic pawnshops. This research uses quantitative research. The type of data used in this research is primary data. Primary data is data that comes from the original source or the first one that comes from a questionnaire. Based on the analysis and data processing above, the results obtained include promotion variables that affect customer interest, price variable affects customer interest and loan disbursement procedure variables also affect customer interest. Keywords: Customer Interest, Promotion, Price / Cost, Fund Disbursement Procedure, Sharia Pawnshop

TEORI KESEIMBANGAN UMUM DALAM EKONOMI ISLAM

Penelitian ini menguraikan bahasan singkat mengenai teori keseimbangan umum dalam Islam yang membahas bagaimana keseimbangan pasar dengan syariat Islam yang berlaku, serta proses penerapan didalamnya. Pembahasannya menunjukkan pola kebijakan dan peradaban ekonomi dalam Islam serta hubungannya dengan keseimbangan umum di dalam pasar yang dikhususkan menurut syariat Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pedekatan deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini terdapat beberapa teori yang menunjukan keseimbangan umum khususnya keseimbangan pasar dengan mekanisme pasar dalam Islam sebagai suatu keseimbangan dan keadilan antara permintaan dan penawaran. Kata Kunci : Keseimbangan Umum, Pasar, Ekonomi Islam

PENGARUH ASSET INTENSITY DAN DEBT POLICY TERHADAP TAX AVOIDANCE PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG BERGERAK DI BIDANG PERTAMBANGAN TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIDOE 2011-2020

Taxes are a source of cash income for the state. Taxes are levied on taxpayers with applicable provisions. One of the largest contributors of tax receipts is from corporate taxpayers. Tax avoidance is part of an active effort to fight taxes, all actions taken directly to avoid taxes. Asset intensity is a long-term asset and this asset is operational support of the company and will not be sold. A debt policy is a policy determined by the company to meet the needs of funds derived from debt. This research uses descriptive methods and quantitative approaches using secondary data supported by literature and documentation studies. The results showed that partial asset intensity had no significant effect on tax avoidance. Similarly, debt policy has no significant effect on tax avoidance. Simultaneously asset intensity and debt policy have an insignificant effect on tax avoidance with a contribution of 22%. Keywords: Asset Intensity, Debt Policy, Tax Avoidance

RELEVANSI STRUKTUR KEPEMILIKAN TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN PADA PT. AKR CORPORINDO, TBK PERIODE 2011-2020

The value of the company becomes very important for the company or the holders of stock. Each party has its view on the value of the company, the similarity is to want the value of the company to be in a high position. Managerial ownership is the manager's shareholding where the manager is not only involved in managing the company but also involved in the impact of management decisions. Institutional ownership is the shareholding of another company that has a function as a management supervisor. This examination utilizes unmistakable techniques and quantitative methodologies utilizing optional information upheld by writing and documentation considers. The results showed partially both variables had no significant influence on the value of the company. Similarly, simultaneously it has no significant influence on the value of the company.Keywords: Managerial Ownership, Institutional Ownership, Corporate Value.

PENGARUH EARNING POWER DAN FIRM SIZE TERHADAP EARNING MANAGEMENT PADA PT. ELNUSA, TBK PERIODE 2008-2017

Financial statements become the main source of information for all parties because it provides an overview of the state of the company's performance for a certain period. Company profit information will provide an overview of the company's ability to manage the company effectively and efficiently. Earning management is an action taken by the manager in the presentation of financial statements. Earning power the company's ability to generate profit in each period. Firm size is a scale that classifies the size of a company by assessing the total level of assets, stock market value, log size, and others. This research uses descriptive methods and quantitative approaches using secondary data supported by literature and documentation studies. The results showed partial earning power has a significant influence on earnings management. But firm size has no significant effect on earnings management. Simultaneously, both free variables can contribute and can significantly affect earnings management with a contribution of 58.5%. Keywords: Earning Power, Firm Size, Earnings Management