NORMAL SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-194
Author(s):  
G. Vernon Pegram ◽  
Ed Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Normal Sleep

scholarly journals Sleep disorders in pregnancy

2004 ◽  
Vol 62 (2a) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliane Aversa Lopes ◽  
Luciane Bizari Coin de Carvalho ◽  
Priscila Bernal da Costa Seguro ◽  
Rosiane Mattar ◽  
Ademir Baptista Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Excessive Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Clinical Interview ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Normal Sleep ◽  
Function Of Sleep ◽  
In Pregnancy ◽  
Sleep In Animals

CONTEXT: The precise function of sleep in animals and human beings is still unknown, and any sort of physical, social or psychological variation may change the normal sleep-wake cycle. PURPOSE: This research aims is to determine the sleep disorders (SD) for each of the three trimesters of the pregnancy comparing them to the pre-pregnancy state (PG). METHOD: SD were investigated in three hundred pregnant women 11- to 40-years-old through with a brief clinical interview based on directed questions. One hundred pregnant women were considered for each trimester. RESULTS: The rate of pregnant women with insomnia increased by 23% in the 2nd trimester (p< 0.005); the rate for excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) by 15% in the 1st trimester (p<0.003), 55% in the 2nd trimester (p<0.001) and by 14% in the 3rd trimester (p<0.002); the rate for mild sleepiness increased by 33% in the 2nd trimester (p<0.002) and by 48% in the 3rd trimester (p<0.001); the rate for specific awakenings increased by 63% in the 1st trimester, by 80% in the 2nd trimester and by 84% in the 3rd trimester (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: SD were more frequent during pregnancy comparatively to PG state, mostly at the expenses of EDS and specific awakenings.

scholarly journals Associations of Urinary Phytoestrogen Concentrations with Sleep Disorders and Sleep Duration among Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Sun ◽  
Hong Jiang ◽  
Weijing Wang ◽  
Xue Dong ◽  
Dongfeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Relative Risk Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Short Sleep ◽  
Long Sleep ◽  
Normal Sleep

Current evidence on the relationship of phytoestrogens with sleep is limited and contradictory. In particular, studies on individual phytoestrogens and sleep have not been reported. Thus, this study aimed to appraise the associations of individual phytoestrogens with sleep disorders and sleep duration. This cross-sectional study comprising 4830 adults utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2010. Phytoestrogens were tested in urine specimens. Sleep disorders and sleep duration were based on a self-reported doctor’s diagnosis and usual sleep duration. The main analyses utilized logistic and multinomial logistic regression models and a restricted cubic spline. In the fully adjusted model, compared with tertile 1 (lowest), the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) of sleep disorders for the highest tertile of urinary concentrations of enterolactone, enterodiol, and O-desmethylangolensin were 0.64 (0.41–1.00), 1.54 (1.07–2.21), and 1.89 (1.26–2.85), respectively. Linear inverse, approximatively linear positive, and inverted L-shaped concentration–response relationships were found between enterolactone, enterodiol, and O-desmethylangolensin and sleep disorders, respectively. Compared with normal sleep (7–8 h/night), the relative risk ratio (RRR) (95% CI) of very short sleep for enterolactone was 0.56 (0.36–0.86), and the RRR (95% CI) of long sleep risk for genistein was 0.62 (0.39–0.99). Furthermore, negative associations of genistein with sleep disorders and enterolactone with long sleep risk, as well as positive associations of enterodiol with both long and very short sleep, were observed in the stratified analysis by age or gender. Finally, a notable finding was that urinary O-desmethylangolensin concentration was positively related to sleep disorders in both females aged 40–59 years and non-Hispanic Whites but inversely associated with sleep disorders in both females aged 60 years or over and other Hispanics. Our findings suggested that enterolactone and genistein might be beneficial for preventing sleep disorders or non-normal sleep duration among adults, and enterodiol might be adverse toward this goal. However, the association of O-desmethylangolensin with sleep disorders might be discrepant in different races and females of different ages.

Sleep disorders in anti-NMDAR encephalitis

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. e671-e684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Ariño ◽  
Amaia Muñoz-Lopetegi ◽  
Eugenia Martinez-Hernandez ◽  
Thaís Armangue ◽  
Mireia Rosa-Justicia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Confusional Arousals ◽  
Nmda Receptor Encephalitis ◽  
Sleep Assessment ◽  
Normal Sleep

ObjectiveTo describe the sleep disorders in anti–NMDA receptor encephalitis (anti-NMDARe).MethodsPatients recovering from anti-NMDARe were invited to participate in a prospective observational single-center study including comprehensive clinical, video-polysomnography (V-PSG) sleep assessment, and neuropsychological evaluation. Age- and sex-matched healthy participants served as controls.ResultsEighteen patients (89% female, median age 26 years, interquartile range [IQR] 21–29 years) and 21 controls (81% female, median age 23 years, IQR 18–26 years) were included. In the acute stage, 16 (89%) patients reported insomnia and 2 hypersomnia; nightmares occurred in 7. After the acute stage, 14 (78%) had hypersomnia. At study admission (median 183 days after disease onset, IQR 110–242 days), 8 patients still had hypersomnia, 1 had insomnia, and 9 had normal sleep duration. Patients had more daytime sleepiness than controls (higher Barcelona Sleepiness Index, p = 0.02, and Epworth Sleepiness Score, p = 0.04). On V-PSG, sleep efficiency was similar in both groups, but patients more frequently had multiple and longer confusional arousals in non-REM (NREM) sleep (videos provided). In addition, 13 (72%) patients had cognitive deficits; 12 (67%) had psychological, social, or occupational disability; and 33% had depression or mania. Compared with controls, patients had a higher body mass index (median 23.5 [IQR 22.3–30.2] vs 20.5 [19.1–21.1] kg/m2; p = 0.007). Between disease onset and last follow-up, 14 (78%) patients developed hyperphagia, and 6 (33%) developed hypersexuality (2 requiring hospitalization), all associated with sleep dysfunction.ConclusionsSleep disturbances are frequent in anti-NMDARe. They show a temporal pattern (predominantly insomnia at onset; hypersomnia during recovery), are associated with behavioral and cognitive changes, and can occur with confusional arousals during NREM sleep.

Normal sleep and sleep disorders in adults and children.

2004 ◽  
pp. 183-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Vernon Pegram ◽  
John McBurney ◽  
Susan M. Harding ◽  
Christopher M. Makris
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Normal Sleep

scholarly journals Increased Minimum Alveolar Concentration-Awake of Sevoflurane in Women of Breast Surgery with Sleep Disorders

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
yuanyuan cao ◽  
lei zhang ◽  
xiaohui peng ◽  
yun wu ◽  
qunlin zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Minimum Alveolar Concentration ◽  
Breast Surgery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
General Anesthetics ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Clinical Trial Registry ◽  
Orexin A ◽  
Verbal Command ◽  
Normal Sleep

Abstract Background. Sleep disorders are commonly encountered in clinic. Evidences showed that sleep deprivation may modulate the effectiveness of general anesthetics in rats. However, this phenomenon has not been explored in humans. The study aimed to investigate whether the hypnotic potency of sevoflurane in patients with sleep disorders differ from patients with normal sleep habits. Methods. We recruited 44 patients scheduled for elective breast surgery and eventually analyzed 38 patients, including 19 subjects with normal sleep habits and 19 subjects with sleep disorders. According to the Dixon ‘up-and-down’ design, patients received sevoflurane at preselected concentrations starting at 1.0 vol%. After a steady-state period, a verbal command for testing awakening was performed. Based on the negative or positive response to the verbal command, we decreased or increased the concentration of sevoflurane by 0.2 vol% in the next patient accordingly. Plasma orexin-A was also measured before observation. Results. The MACawake of sevoflurane was 0.80% [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.683–0.926%] in the sleep disordered group vs 0.60% [95% CI, 0.493–0.689%] in the control group. The relative median potency between groups was 0.750 (95% CI, 0.236–0.969). Patients with sleep disorders had significantly higher orexin-A levels than control (72.17 ± 18.24 vs. 36.16 ± 14.18 pg/mL). A significant, positive relationship was detected between orexin-A level and probability of awakening (OR = 1.081, 95% CI is 1.020–1.146, P = 0.008). Conclusions. MACawake of sevoflurane is higher in mild-aged women of breast surgery with sleep disorders compared to those with normal sleep habits. The increased anesthetic requirement may be related to changes of orexin-A levels. These findings suggest that sleep may have a potential impact on clinical anesthesia, including changes of sensitivity to anesthetics or postoperative complications. Further research is needed to confirm this hypothesis.Clinical Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1800016022), date of registration 07 May 2018 Keywords: Sevoflurane; MACawake (minimum alveolar concentration of awake); orexin-A; sleep disorders

AM:STARs: Sleep and Sleep Disorders in Adolescents, Vol. 21, No. 3

2005 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Adolescent Medicine ◽  
Complex Spectrum ◽  
Health Factors ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Normal Sleep

Sleep and Sleep Disorders in Adolescents: This volume of Adolescent Medicine: State of the Art Reviews (AM:STARs) examines the complex spectrum of normal sleep and sleep disorders in adolescents. It is the first compendium of its kind from some of the leading national and international researchers and experts on sleep in children and adolescents. These articles will provide the reader with a greater understanding of the physiology of normal sleep during adolescence, the pathophysiology and management of common medically based and behaviorally based sleep disorders and the significant public health factors that both contribute to sleep disorders during adolescence and threaten the safety and wellness of adolescents who suffer from sleep disorders.

The genetics of sleep

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Environmental Interactions ◽  
Drug Treatments ◽  
Normal Sleep

The genetic regulation of normal sleep and sleep disorders is complex and often shows strong environmental interactions. This is a relatively new, and rapidly expanding, area of research, and the number of sleep conditions with established, underlying genetic components is growing. The genetic basis regulating the sleep–wake cycle has identified the Period genes. Their polymorphisms appear to determine the morning/night preferences of individuals. At present, the public health benefits are limited, but will increase as the identification and understanding of genetic causes for sleep conditions improve. This may lead to new diagnostic and treatment options including genetic counselling, improved therapeutic regimes, and new drug treatments.

Basic aspects of sleep–wake disorders

2012 ◽  
pp. 924-933
Author(s):  
Gregory Stores
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sleep Wake Disorders ◽  
Introductory Overview ◽  
Normal Sleep ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Practice Assessment ◽  
Psychiatric Problems

A sound working knowledge of the diagnosis, significance, and treatment of sleep disorders is essential in all branches of clinical psychiatry. Unfortunately, however, psychiatrists and psychologists share with other specialties and disciplines an apparently universal neglect of sleep and its disorders in their training. Surveys in the United States and Europe point to the consistently meagre coverage of these topics in their courses at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The following account is an introductory overview of normal sleep, the effects of sleep disturbance, sleep disorders and the risk of failure to recognize them in psychiatric practice, assessment of sleep disturbance, and the various forms of treatment that are available. The aim is to provide a background for the other chapters in this section. The close links between the field of sleep disorders and psychiatry which make it essential that psychiatrists are familiar with the field are as follows: ♦ Sleep disturbance is an almost invariable feature and complication of psychiatric disorders from childhood to old age, with the risk of further reducing the individual's capacity to cope with their difficulties (see Table 4.14.1.3 for further details). ♦ Sleep disturbance can presage psychiatric disorder. ♦ Some psychotropic medications produce significant sleep disturbance. ♦ Of importance to liason psychiatry is the fact that many general medical or paediatric disorders disturb sleep sufficiently to contribute to psychological or psychiatric problems. ♦ Because of lack of familiarity with sleep disorders and their various manifestations, such disorders may well be misinterpreted as primary psychiatric disorders (or, indeed, other clinical conditions) with the result that effective treatments for the sleep disorder are unwittingly withheld (see later). Some of these points will be amplified in later sections of this chapter.

Sleep disorders

2013 ◽  
pp. 413-460
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Sleep Related Breathing Disorders ◽  
General Management ◽  
Breathing Disorders ◽  
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders ◽  
Normal Sleep

Introduction Normal sleep: stages and cycles Assessment of sleep disorders Insomnia 1: overview Insomnia 2: general management strategies Sleep-related breathing disorders Hypersomnia 1: overview Hypersomnia 2: narcolepsy Hypersomnia 3: other causes Circadian rhythm sleep disorders 1: overview Circadian rhythm sleep disorders 2: management Parasomnias 1: overview...

Investigating the Prevalence of Sleep Disorder and the Impact of Sweet Almond on the Quality of Sleep in Students of Tehran, Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jafar GHAFARZADEH ◽  
Khosro SADEGHNIIAT-HAGHIGHI ◽  
Omid SADEGHPOUR ◽  
Samaneh AKBARPOUR ◽  
Farshad AMINI-BEHBAHANI
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Quality Of Sleep ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Normal Sleep ◽  
Study Intervention ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sweet Almond

Background: Insomnia is an important problem in medical sciences students and has implications for their educational progress. The current study aimed to estimate the prevalence of sleep disorders and investigating the impact of sweet almond on quality of sleep in students of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran who live in dormitories. Methods: This is a before-after study conducted in 2017. At first, using the ISI questionnaire prevalence of sleep disorders was determined. Sweet almond was the study intervention. Each day, 10 almonds were given to 446 students for 14 d. At the end of the second week, again ISI questionnaire was filled. SPSS was used to analyze data. The McNemar, Wilcoxson Signed Ranks, and Repeated Measures tests were used. Results: Out of 442 participants, 217 (49.1%) were female. Before intervention, 343 (77.6%) had insomnia and 99 (22.4%) had normal sleep. After intervention, 306 (69.2%) had insomnia and 136 (30.8%) had normal sleep. Having sweet almond for two weeks is associated with reducing insomnia (P<0.05). Investigating the almond impact in different categories also showed that it has a reducing impact on severe, mild, weak and normal sleep categories (P<0.05). Conclusion: Sweet almond has impacts on quality of sleep of those students of the TUMS that are living in dormitories. Intervention programs to improve quality of sleep are necessary and with regard to the high prevalence of insomnia, students must be protected, guided and consulted.

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