Normal sleep and sleep disorders in adults and children.

2004 ◽  
pp. 183-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Vernon Pegram ◽  
John McBurney ◽  
Susan M. Harding ◽  
Christopher M. Makris
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Normal Sleep

scholarly journals Hair Cortisol Concentration as a Biomarker of Sleep Quality and Related Disorders

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Nisrin El Mlili ◽  
Hanan Ahabrach ◽  
Omar Cauli
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Hair Cortisol ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Common Manifestation ◽  
Functional Alteration

Cortisol is the end product of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and its production is increased mainly in stressful situations or in chronic disorders accompanied by stress enhancement. Altered cortisol concentrations have been reported in a number of neuropsychiatric diseases and sleep disorders. Cortisol concentrations have been measured using several methods, and in several matrixes, such as blood, saliva, and urine. However, lately, hair cortisol, for several reasons, has emerged as a promising biomarker of long-term retrospective HPA activation. Several experimental approaches for cortisol measurement with the corresponding concentration reference ranges and a summary of findings from scientific literature on this field are presented. There is evidence of a close relationship between HPA functional alteration and the development of neuropsychiatric disorders. Sleep disorders are the most common manifestation in several neuropsychiatric conditions, and have also been associated to cortisol alterations in both adults and children. Many studies indicate that hair cortisol constitutes a valuable tool for further contributing to existing data on salivary, plasma, or urinary cortisol concentrations in patients with sleep disorders.

NORMAL SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-194
Author(s):  
G. Vernon Pegram ◽  
Ed Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Normal Sleep

scholarly journals Sleep disorders in pregnancy

2004 ◽  
Vol 62 (2a) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliane Aversa Lopes ◽  
Luciane Bizari Coin de Carvalho ◽  
Priscila Bernal da Costa Seguro ◽  
Rosiane Mattar ◽  
Ademir Baptista Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Excessive Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Clinical Interview ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Normal Sleep ◽  
Function Of Sleep ◽  
In Pregnancy ◽  
Sleep In Animals

CONTEXT: The precise function of sleep in animals and human beings is still unknown, and any sort of physical, social or psychological variation may change the normal sleep-wake cycle. PURPOSE: This research aims is to determine the sleep disorders (SD) for each of the three trimesters of the pregnancy comparing them to the pre-pregnancy state (PG). METHOD: SD were investigated in three hundred pregnant women 11- to 40-years-old through with a brief clinical interview based on directed questions. One hundred pregnant women were considered for each trimester. RESULTS: The rate of pregnant women with insomnia increased by 23% in the 2nd trimester (p< 0.005); the rate for excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) by 15% in the 1st trimester (p<0.003), 55% in the 2nd trimester (p<0.001) and by 14% in the 3rd trimester (p<0.002); the rate for mild sleepiness increased by 33% in the 2nd trimester (p<0.002) and by 48% in the 3rd trimester (p<0.001); the rate for specific awakenings increased by 63% in the 1st trimester, by 80% in the 2nd trimester and by 84% in the 3rd trimester (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: SD were more frequent during pregnancy comparatively to PG state, mostly at the expenses of EDS and specific awakenings.

scholarly journals Associations of Urinary Phytoestrogen Concentrations with Sleep Disorders and Sleep Duration among Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Sun ◽  
Hong Jiang ◽  
Weijing Wang ◽  
Xue Dong ◽  
Dongfeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Relative Risk Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Short Sleep ◽  
Long Sleep ◽  
Normal Sleep

Current evidence on the relationship of phytoestrogens with sleep is limited and contradictory. In particular, studies on individual phytoestrogens and sleep have not been reported. Thus, this study aimed to appraise the associations of individual phytoestrogens with sleep disorders and sleep duration. This cross-sectional study comprising 4830 adults utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2010. Phytoestrogens were tested in urine specimens. Sleep disorders and sleep duration were based on a self-reported doctor’s diagnosis and usual sleep duration. The main analyses utilized logistic and multinomial logistic regression models and a restricted cubic spline. In the fully adjusted model, compared with tertile 1 (lowest), the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals (CIs)) of sleep disorders for the highest tertile of urinary concentrations of enterolactone, enterodiol, and O-desmethylangolensin were 0.64 (0.41–1.00), 1.54 (1.07–2.21), and 1.89 (1.26–2.85), respectively. Linear inverse, approximatively linear positive, and inverted L-shaped concentration–response relationships were found between enterolactone, enterodiol, and O-desmethylangolensin and sleep disorders, respectively. Compared with normal sleep (7–8 h/night), the relative risk ratio (RRR) (95% CI) of very short sleep for enterolactone was 0.56 (0.36–0.86), and the RRR (95% CI) of long sleep risk for genistein was 0.62 (0.39–0.99). Furthermore, negative associations of genistein with sleep disorders and enterolactone with long sleep risk, as well as positive associations of enterodiol with both long and very short sleep, were observed in the stratified analysis by age or gender. Finally, a notable finding was that urinary O-desmethylangolensin concentration was positively related to sleep disorders in both females aged 40–59 years and non-Hispanic Whites but inversely associated with sleep disorders in both females aged 60 years or over and other Hispanics. Our findings suggested that enterolactone and genistein might be beneficial for preventing sleep disorders or non-normal sleep duration among adults, and enterodiol might be adverse toward this goal. However, the association of O-desmethylangolensin with sleep disorders might be discrepant in different races and females of different ages.

Sleep disorders in anti-NMDAR encephalitis

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. e671-e684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Ariño ◽  
Amaia Muñoz-Lopetegi ◽  
Eugenia Martinez-Hernandez ◽  
Thaís Armangue ◽  
Mireia Rosa-Justicia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Confusional Arousals ◽  
Nmda Receptor Encephalitis ◽  
Sleep Assessment ◽  
Normal Sleep

ObjectiveTo describe the sleep disorders in anti–NMDA receptor encephalitis (anti-NMDARe).MethodsPatients recovering from anti-NMDARe were invited to participate in a prospective observational single-center study including comprehensive clinical, video-polysomnography (V-PSG) sleep assessment, and neuropsychological evaluation. Age- and sex-matched healthy participants served as controls.ResultsEighteen patients (89% female, median age 26 years, interquartile range [IQR] 21–29 years) and 21 controls (81% female, median age 23 years, IQR 18–26 years) were included. In the acute stage, 16 (89%) patients reported insomnia and 2 hypersomnia; nightmares occurred in 7. After the acute stage, 14 (78%) had hypersomnia. At study admission (median 183 days after disease onset, IQR 110–242 days), 8 patients still had hypersomnia, 1 had insomnia, and 9 had normal sleep duration. Patients had more daytime sleepiness than controls (higher Barcelona Sleepiness Index, p = 0.02, and Epworth Sleepiness Score, p = 0.04). On V-PSG, sleep efficiency was similar in both groups, but patients more frequently had multiple and longer confusional arousals in non-REM (NREM) sleep (videos provided). In addition, 13 (72%) patients had cognitive deficits; 12 (67%) had psychological, social, or occupational disability; and 33% had depression or mania. Compared with controls, patients had a higher body mass index (median 23.5 [IQR 22.3–30.2] vs 20.5 [19.1–21.1] kg/m2; p = 0.007). Between disease onset and last follow-up, 14 (78%) patients developed hyperphagia, and 6 (33%) developed hypersexuality (2 requiring hospitalization), all associated with sleep dysfunction.ConclusionsSleep disturbances are frequent in anti-NMDARe. They show a temporal pattern (predominantly insomnia at onset; hypersomnia during recovery), are associated with behavioral and cognitive changes, and can occur with confusional arousals during NREM sleep.

scholarly journals Increased Minimum Alveolar Concentration-Awake of Sevoflurane in Women of Breast Surgery with Sleep Disorders

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
yuanyuan cao ◽  
lei zhang ◽  
xiaohui peng ◽  
yun wu ◽  
qunlin zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Minimum Alveolar Concentration ◽  
Breast Surgery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
General Anesthetics ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Clinical Trial Registry ◽  
Orexin A ◽  
Verbal Command ◽  
Normal Sleep

Abstract Background. Sleep disorders are commonly encountered in clinic. Evidences showed that sleep deprivation may modulate the effectiveness of general anesthetics in rats. However, this phenomenon has not been explored in humans. The study aimed to investigate whether the hypnotic potency of sevoflurane in patients with sleep disorders differ from patients with normal sleep habits. Methods. We recruited 44 patients scheduled for elective breast surgery and eventually analyzed 38 patients, including 19 subjects with normal sleep habits and 19 subjects with sleep disorders. According to the Dixon ‘up-and-down’ design, patients received sevoflurane at preselected concentrations starting at 1.0 vol%. After a steady-state period, a verbal command for testing awakening was performed. Based on the negative or positive response to the verbal command, we decreased or increased the concentration of sevoflurane by 0.2 vol% in the next patient accordingly. Plasma orexin-A was also measured before observation. Results. The MACawake of sevoflurane was 0.80% [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.683–0.926%] in the sleep disordered group vs 0.60% [95% CI, 0.493–0.689%] in the control group. The relative median potency between groups was 0.750 (95% CI, 0.236–0.969). Patients with sleep disorders had significantly higher orexin-A levels than control (72.17 ± 18.24 vs. 36.16 ± 14.18 pg/mL). A significant, positive relationship was detected between orexin-A level and probability of awakening (OR = 1.081, 95% CI is 1.020–1.146, P = 0.008). Conclusions. MACawake of sevoflurane is higher in mild-aged women of breast surgery with sleep disorders compared to those with normal sleep habits. The increased anesthetic requirement may be related to changes of orexin-A levels. These findings suggest that sleep may have a potential impact on clinical anesthesia, including changes of sensitivity to anesthetics or postoperative complications. Further research is needed to confirm this hypothesis.Clinical Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1800016022), date of registration 07 May 2018 Keywords: Sevoflurane; MACawake (minimum alveolar concentration of awake); orexin-A; sleep disorders

scholarly journals SLEEP DISORDERS

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 508-512
Author(s):  
RAZAZIAN NAZANIN ◽  
REZAEI MANSOUR
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
General Population ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Disturbances ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Sleep Assessment ◽  
Physical Functions ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Sleep Alterations

Background: It has been estimated that 20% of adults and children have sleep disorder symptoms and signs. Sleep disordersremain largely undiagnosed in the general population. Increasing evidence suggests that sleep alterations could favor subsequent depressionand behavioral disturbances. Aim of the study: Regarding high prevalence of sleep disorders in the general population and their effect onmental and physical functions, this study was aimed to assess the prevalence of sleep disorders among medical students in KermanshahUniversity of Medical Sciences. Methods: Assessment of sleep disorders was done by Global Sleep Assessment Questionnaire (GSAQ). Inthis descriptive study, frequency of insomnia, daytime sleepiness, non-idiopathic insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome andparoxysmal leg movement, nightmares, sleep walking and a sense of depression or anxiety was calculated. Results: A total number of 393medical students, 151 male and 242 female, were recruited. One or more kinds of sleep disorders have been reported by 254 persons (64%).The most frequent disorder was non-idiopathic insomnia (50.9%). Frequency of idiopathic insomnia was 29.5%. Prevalence of daytimesleepiness was 21.4%. The least frequent disorder was sleep walking (1.5%). Subjective sense of anxiety or depression was reported by 109persons (27.7%). Only 39 (9.9%) of the respondents had no disorder. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that sleep disorders are frequent inour studied population of medical students. More education about sleep disorders, sleep hygiene, and management of a life style whichnecessarily includes shift work and long hours of study, may lead to improved sleep patterns in medical students.

AM:STARs: Sleep and Sleep Disorders in Adolescents, Vol. 21, No. 3

2005 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Adolescent Medicine ◽  
Complex Spectrum ◽  
Health Factors ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Normal Sleep

Sleep and Sleep Disorders in Adolescents: This volume of Adolescent Medicine: State of the Art Reviews (AM:STARs) examines the complex spectrum of normal sleep and sleep disorders in adolescents. It is the first compendium of its kind from some of the leading national and international researchers and experts on sleep in children and adolescents. These articles will provide the reader with a greater understanding of the physiology of normal sleep during adolescence, the pathophysiology and management of common medically based and behaviorally based sleep disorders and the significant public health factors that both contribute to sleep disorders during adolescence and threaten the safety and wellness of adolescents who suffer from sleep disorders.

The genetics of sleep

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Environmental Interactions ◽  
Drug Treatments ◽  
Normal Sleep

The genetic regulation of normal sleep and sleep disorders is complex and often shows strong environmental interactions. This is a relatively new, and rapidly expanding, area of research, and the number of sleep conditions with established, underlying genetic components is growing. The genetic basis regulating the sleep–wake cycle has identified the Period genes. Their polymorphisms appear to determine the morning/night preferences of individuals. At present, the public health benefits are limited, but will increase as the identification and understanding of genetic causes for sleep conditions improve. This may lead to new diagnostic and treatment options including genetic counselling, improved therapeutic regimes, and new drug treatments.

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