Utilizing Multiple Vital Status Tracing Services Optimizes Mortality Follow-up in Large Cohort Studies

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 292-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura C Schall ◽  
Jeanine M Buchanich ◽  
Gary M Marsh ◽  
Gina M Bittner
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Large Cohort ◽  
Vital Status

scholarly journals Prospective study of ABO blood type and the risk of pulmonary embolism in two large cohort studies

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 962-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Kabrhel ◽  
Raphaëlle Varraso ◽  
Peter Kraft ◽  
Eric Rimm ◽  
Samuel Goldhaber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Population Attributable Fraction ◽  
Large Cohort ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Abo Blood Type ◽  
Never Smokers

SummaryPrior studies have suggested an association of ABO blood type and the risk of venous thromboembolism; however, most studies were retrospective and lacked important covariates or validated endpoints. Moreover, risk estimates varied widely across studies. Therefore, we prospectively examined the association of blood type and the risk of incident pulmonary embolism (PE) in two large cohort studies, the Nurses’ Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study. During 1,010,378 person-years of follow-up among 77,025 women and 30,105 men, 499 participants developed PE. Compared to those with O-blood type, participants with non-O blood type had multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of 1.86 (95% CI, 1.35–2.57) for idiopathic PE, 1.29 (95% CI, 1.03–1.62) for non-idiopathic PE, and 1.46 (95% CI, 1.22–1.76) for any PE. Hazard ratios were similar for participants with blood types A, B, and AB. Age-adjusted absolute rates of idiopathic PE over 10 years of follow-up differed by blood type: 0.11% for O, 0.20% for A, 0.19% for AB, and 0.21% for B. For idiopathic PE, the population attributable fraction was 33% for inheritance of non-O blood type. Among past and current smokers, participants with non-O vs. O-blood type had a HR for idiopathic PE of 2.56 (95% CI, 1.61–4.08). Among never smokers, the HR for idiopathic PE was 1.30 (95% CI, 0.82–2.05; Pinteraction=0.04). In two large, prospective cohorts, ABO blood type was significantly associated with the risk of idiopathic and non-idiopathic PE, with even greater risk for idiopathic PE among current and past smokers with non-O blood type.

Patients with “benign” Chiari I malformations require surgical decompression at a low rate

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tofey J. Leon ◽  
Elizabeth N. Kuhn ◽  
Anastasia A. Arynchyna ◽  
Burkely P. Smith ◽  
R. Shane Tubbs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Large Cohort ◽  
Initial Evaluation ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Posterior Fossa Decompression ◽  
Signal Abnormality ◽  
Chiari I

OBJECTIVEThere are sparse published data on the natural history of “benign” Chiari I malformation (CM-I)—i.e., Chiari with minimal or no symptoms at presentation and no imaging evidence of syrinx, hydrocephalus, or spinal cord signal abnormality. The purpose of this study was to review a large cohort of children with benign CM-I and to determine whether these children become symptomatic and require surgical treatment.METHODSPatients were identified from institutional outpatient records using International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, diagnosis codes for CM-I from 1996 to 2016. After review of the medical records, patients were excluded if they 1) did not have a diagnosis of CM-I, 2) were not evaluated by a neurosurgeon, 3) had previously undergone posterior fossa decompression, or 4) had imaging evidence of syringomyelia at their first appointment. To include only patients with benign Chiari (without syrinx or classic Chiari symptoms that could prompt immediate intervention), any patient who underwent decompression within 9 months of initial evaluation was excluded. After a detailed chart review, patients were excluded if they had classical Chiari malformation symptoms at presentation. The authors then determined what changes in the clinical picture prompted surgical treatment. Patients were excluded from the multivariate logistic regression analysis if they had missing data such as race and insurance; however, these patients were included in the overall survival analysis.RESULTSA total of 427 patients were included for analysis with a median follow-up duration of 25.5 months (range 0.17–179.1 months) after initial evaluation. Fifteen patients had surgery at a median time of 21.0 months (range 11.3–139.3 months) after initial evaluation. The most common indications for surgery were tussive headache in 5 (33.3%), syringomyelia in 5 (33.3%), and nontussive headache in 5 (33.3%). Using the Kaplan-Meier method, rate of freedom from posterior fossa decompression was 95.8%, 94.1%, and 93.1% at 3, 5, and 10 years, respectively.CONCLUSIONSAmong a large cohort of patients with benign CM-I, progression of imaging abnormalities or symptoms that warrant surgical treatment is infrequent. Therefore, these patients should be managed conservatively. However, clinical follow-up of such individuals is justified, as there is a low, but nonzero, rate of new symptom or syringomyelia development. Future analyses will determine whether imaging or clinical features present at initial evaluation are associated with progression and future need for treatment.

CAFT: a deep learning-based comprehensive abdominal fat analysis tool for large cohort studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakash KN Bhanu ◽  
Channarayapatna Srinivas Arvind ◽  
Ling Yun Yeow ◽  
Wen Xiang Chen ◽  
Wee Shiong Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Large Cohort ◽  
Analysis Tool

scholarly journals Variability of Prognostic Results Based on Biological Parameters in Sickle Cell Disease Cohort Studies in Children: What Should Clinicians Know?

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Julie Sommet ◽  
Enora Le Roux ◽  
Bérengère Koehl ◽  
Zinedine Haouari ◽  
Damir Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Statistical Analysis Method

Background: Many pediatric studies describe the association between biological parameters (BP) and severity of sickle cell disease (SCD) using different methods to collect or to analyze BP. This article assesses the methods used for collection and subsequent statistical analysis of BP, and how these impact prognostic results in SCD children cohort studies. Methods: Firstly, we identified the collection and statistical methods used in published SCD cohort studies. Secondly, these methods were applied to our cohort of 375 SCD children, to evaluate the association of BP with cerebral vasculopathy (CV). Results: In 16 cohort studies, BP were collected either once or several times during follow-up. The identified methods in the statistical analysis were: (1) one baseline value per patient (2) last known value; (3) mean of all values; (4) modelling of all values in a two-stage approach. Applying these four different statistical methods to our cohort, the results and interpretation of the association between BP and CV were different depending on the method used. Conclusion: The BP prognostic value depends on the chosen statistical analysis method. Appropriate statistical analyses of prognostic factors in cohort studies should be considered and should enable valuable and reproducible conclusions.

Efficacy of electronic cigarettes for tobacco smoking cessation: An adapted systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
T O'Dowd
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Smoking Reduction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Abstract Background Worldwide smoking remains the leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality. Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are increasingly used by tobacco smokers as an aid to smoking cessation; however, their efficacy remains uncertain. Methods Electronic databases, clinical trial registries and grey literature sources were searched. The aim was to examine randomised controlled trials or prospective cohort studies, published since the 2016 Cochrane review on this topic, that assessed the efficacy of ECs in achieving smoking cessation among current smokers. Results Two RCTs and five cohort studies, including a total of 16,460 participants, were eligible for inclusion. One RCT found sustained 1-year abstinence of 18.0% in the EC group versus 9.9% in the nicotine replacement therapy group (RR: 1.83; 95% CI 1.30 to 2.58; P < 0.001). The second RCT did not find a statistically significant difference in abstinence rates between EC users and non-users (RR 0.71). Of the five included cohort studies, four reported statistically significant RRs. Two found a positive association (RRs of 1.45 and 1.84) between EC use and smoking cessation but two studies showed EC use was associated with reduced smoking cessation (RRs of 0.25 and 0.35). Due to significant heterogeneity between the studies the data were deemed unsuitable for pooling into a meta-analysis. All trials assessing smoking reduction reported higher rates of reduction among EC users. No serious adverse events were reported with EC use. Follow-up periods of included trials ranged from one to four years, with an average of 1.6 years. Conclusions There is limited, low-quality evidence that ECs are an effective intervention for smoking cessation and smoking reduction. The overall quality of evidence is low as it is based on a small number of studies with inconsistent and imprecise results. Due to the short follow-up periods of the included trials, the long-term safety of ECs is unclear from this review. Key messages Limited evidence that electronic cigarettes are an effective smoking cessation intervention. Further well-designed randomised controlled trials are required to investigate the efficacy of ECs for smoking cessation.

Idiopathic erythrocytosis: a study of a large cohort with a long follow-up

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Luigia Randi ◽  
Irene Bertozzi ◽  
Elisabetta Cosi ◽  
Claudia Santarossa ◽  
Edoardo Peroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Cohort ◽  
Idiopathic Erythrocytosis

Overcoming reporting challenges: How to display, summarize, and model late reintervention outcomes, follow-up, and vital status information after surgery for atrial fibrillation

Heart Rhythm ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1456-1463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adin-Cristian Andrei ◽  
Patrick M. McCarthy ◽  
James D. Thomas ◽  
Travis O. Abicht ◽  
S. Chris Malaisrie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Vital Status ◽  
Status Information

scholarly journals Multi-trajectories of lipid indices with incident cardiovascular disease, heart failure, and all-cause mortality: 23 years follow-up of two US cohort studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Koohi ◽  
Davood Khalili ◽  
Mohammad Ali Mansournia ◽  
Farzad Hadaegh ◽  
Hamid Soori
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Understanding the distinct patterns (trajectories) of variation in blood lipid levels before diagnosing cardiovascular disease (CVD) might carry important implications for improving disease prevention or treatment. Methods We investigated 14,373 participants (45.5% men) aged 45–84 from two large US prospective cohort studies with a median of 23 years follow-up. First, we jointly estimated developmental trajectories of lipid indices, including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) concentrations using group-based multi-trajectory modeling. Then, the association of identified multi-trajectories with incident CVD, heart failure, and all-cause mortality were examined using Cox proportional hazard model. Results Seven distinct multi-trajectories were identified. The majority of participants (approximately 80%) exhibited decreasing LDL-C but rising TG levels and relatively stable HDL-C levels. Compared to the individuals with healthy and stable LDL-C, HDL-C, and TG levels, those in other groups were at significant risk of incident CVD after adjusting for other conventional risk factors. Individuals with the highest but decreasing LDL-C and borderline high and rising TG levels over time were at the highest risk than those in other groups with a 2.22-fold risk of CVD. Also, those with the highest and increased triglyceride levels over time, over optimal and decreasing LDL-C levels, and the lowest HDL-C profile had a nearly 1.84 times CVD risk. Even individuals in the multi-trajectory group with the highest HDL-C, optimal LDL-C, and optimal TG levels had a significant risk (HR, 1.45; 95% CI 1.02–2.08). Furthermore, only those with the highest HDL-C profile increased the risk of heart failure by 1.5-fold (95% CI 1.07–2.06). Conclusions The trajectories and risk of CVD identified in this study demonstrated that despite a decline in LDL-C over time, a significant amount of residual risk for CVD remains. These findings suggest the impact of the increasing trend of TG on CVD risk and emphasize the importance of assessing the lipid levels at each visit and undertaking potential interventions that lower triglyceride concentrations to reduce the residual risk of CVD, even among those with the optimal LDL-C level.

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