scholarly journals PATTERNS OF WEANING AMONG ANCESTRAL HURON-WENDAT COMMUNITIES, DETERMINED FROM NITROGEN ISOTOPES

2017 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Pfeiffer ◽  
Judith C. Sealy ◽  
Ronald F. Williamson ◽  
Crystal Forrest ◽  
Louis Lesage
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Isotopes ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
European Contact ◽  
The Social ◽  
Trophic Enrichment ◽  
Crown Formation ◽  
Deciduous Molars

Archaeological evidence of the ancestral Huron-Wendat Nation of Southern Ontario, Canada, shows a population increase from the thirteenth through sixteenth centuries, suggesting high fertility. Birth timing and infant survival are influenced by mothers' decisions about weaning. This study explores trophic enrichment of δ15N in horizontal dentine slices from 35 deciduous molars (n = 33 dm1, n = 2 dm2) and 39 permanent first molars (M1) representing five Huron-Wendat ossuaries, dating from the fourteenth through seventeenth centuries. Weaning was normally incomplete at the end of dm formation, at an age of about 2.5 years. Post-weaning dentine values appear by the end of crown formation of M1. The weaning process began between 8 and 18 months and was complete in all cases by 3.5 years. Timing of the weaning process does not support the idea that Huron-Wendat population increase was associated with early weaning of infants. Communities from the sixteenth century and thereafter show earlier completion of weaning. Reasons for earlier cessation of breastfeeding may be found in the social and biological disruptions of the era of European contact. Values from permanent teeth of mandibles with sex attributed suggest a more homogeneous, possibly venison-oriented, post-weaning diet among males.

scholarly journals A Revised Late Holocene Culture History for Moloka'i Island, Hawai'i

Radiocarbon ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 1273-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D McCoy
Keyword(s):  
Initial Period ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Radiocarbon Age ◽  
Subsistence Economies ◽  
Culture History ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Landscape ◽  
Strong Material ◽  
History Of

Building directly upon a previous summary of 45 dates (Weisler 1989), this paper presents radiocarbon age determinations for 175 samples from archaeological and natural contexts and a revised culture history of Moloka'i Island, Hawai'i (cal AD 800 and 1795). Significant culture historical trends include an early settlement pattern apparently generalized with respect to ecozone; a remarkably long initial period of marine and endemic bird exploitation; strong material evidence for the concurrent intensification of subsistence economies, population increase, and the structuring of the social landscape through ritual; and links between island politics as described in oral traditions and site construction. Moreover, these results support a late chronology for the colonization of Hawai'i and demonstrate the value of spatial technology for building large chronometric databases.

A Quantitative Dwelling-Scale Approach to the Social Implications of Maize Horticulture in New England

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-291
Author(s):  
William A. Farley ◽  
Amy N. Fox ◽  
M. Gabriel Hrynick
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Late Woodland ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Woodland Period ◽  
European Contact ◽  
Environmental Similarity ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
The Social ◽  
Settlement Changes ◽  
The Relationship

We compare domestic architectural features in New England and the Maritime Peninsula to investigate the relationship between the adoption of horticulture and its relationship to social and settlement change during the Woodland Period. Horticulture was not practiced on the Maritime Peninsula until after European contact, despite cultural and environmental similarity to New England. In New England, horticulture has been implicated in profound social and settlement changes. However, aggregated villages, a unit typically investigated for evidence of social change, have proven elusive in the archaeological record. We compiled and analyzed a dataset of dwelling features instead of relying on identifiable villages. This novel quantitative approach uses dwelling feature shape and size as a proxy for social and settlement change, considering these changes at the scale of the house. We find that, during the Woodland Period, dwelling size was overall slightly larger in New England than on the Maritime Peninsula, but ranges heavily overlapped. After the introduction of horticulture, however, dwellings in New England grew in size overall and assumed bimodally distinct larger and smaller forms, which likely necessitated a restructuring of social and economic behavior. This pattern correlates maize horticulture with changes in social and economic lifestyle in Late Woodland New England.

The Structured Dependence of the Elderly as a Recent Development: Some Sceptical Historical Thoughts

1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population History ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Structural Determinants ◽  
North West ◽  
Kinship System ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACTThere has recently emerged in the writings of those who have adopted an overtly ‘radical’ approach to social work and the welfare state, a coherent interpretation of how the status of older persons is lowered in the course of the development of industrial capitalism. The focus in these recent writings is on the social creation of dependent status and the structural determinants of the competitive relationship between elderly individuals and younger adults in the labour market. This paper reviews the arguments of this school of thought arguing firstly that it fails to take sufficient account of the longer term population history of England, suggesting that the contrast between the middle and later twentieth century and the nineteenth century is apparently so marked largely because of the atypicality of the latter period when high fertility and rapid demographic growth produced an historical minimum for the proportion of the elderly in the total population. A second failure in this recent radical or marxist research is that it also does not take sufficient account of the kinship system in north west Europe which appears to have created a situation of structured dependency of the elderly on the collectivity irrespective of the specific mode of production. Pre-industrial north west Europeans exhibited a striking contrast in this particular cultural trait with many, indeed most non-industrial societies outside Western Europe or regions populated by emmigrants from that area.

Demographic Impact on Environment - A Case Study Focussing on CO2 Emission in China

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Kenji Hayashi ◽  
Jianqun Gao
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The North ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Carbon dioxide (CO2) emission derived from economic activities results primarily from the fossil fuels consumed. The variety of fossil fuels used, the degree of efficient consumption of energy, economic growth and national population size determine the total amount of CO2 emission in a country. Considering its population size as well as its potential for economic development, China is expected to play a key role in the global warming issue in concert with other industrialized Asian countries, including Japan. In the present study, the impact of population increase on total CO2 emission in China during the period 1982-1990 was analyzed. During the study period, population increase and CO2 emission per capita were 21 per cent and 70 per cent, respectively. In terms of population increase by region, some provinces in the inland areas and megacities, like Shanghai and Beijing, contributed the highest figures. To cope with high fertility in the inland areas as well as massive population inflow into the urban areas simultaneously, increasing the number of medium-sized cities to be located in the inland areas could be a solution. For CO2 emission per capita, the figures for the North-Eastcrn provinces and South-Eastern provinces along the coast are remarkable. The estimate of total emission of CO2 by 2010 is 1.6 million tons, a 74 per cent increase from 1992. Energy transition is the key to the stabilization of CO2 emission in China.

scholarly journals Insufficient social distancing may be related to a future COVID-19 outbreak in Ijuí-Brazil: Predictions of further social interventions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Gomes Heck ◽  
Matias Nunes Frizzo ◽  
Carlos Henrique Ramires François ◽  
Mirna Stela Ludwig ◽  
Marilia Arndt Mesenburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Social Interventions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Community Infection

AbstractThe coronavirus disease that initiates in 2019 (COVID-19) has proven to be highly contagious since it became pandemic quickly and nowadays presents higher transmission rates worldwide, including small Brazilian cities, as Ijuí. Located in the northwestern of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) with 83,475 inhabitants, Ijuí was selected to receive a population-based survey divided into four steps separated by 15 days each that involved 1,750 subjects. Subjects were tested for the presence of antibodies against coronavirus (SARS CoV-2) and answered questions about social distance adherence, daily routine, comorbidities, and sociodemographic characteristics. In parallel, the local government registered the official COVID-19 cases in Ijuí. In this study, we demonstrated the levels of social distancing adherence and the beginning of COVID-19 community transmission in Ijuí and showed some predictions for cases, hospitalization, and deaths. We concluded that the insufficient social distancing registered in the population-based study might be related to the rapid increase of COVID-19 cases in Ijuí. Our study predicts a closer outbreak of community infection of COVID-19, which could be avoided or attenuated if the levels of the social distancing in the population increase in the next weeks.

Age and Gender in the European Contact Improvisation Community

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-81
Author(s):  
Hilde Rustad
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
European Contact ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Contact Improvisation ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender

Abstract This article examines issues related to age and gender within the European contact improvisation community (ECIC). In particular, my research interest is to find out more about experiences related to values in the dance genre of contact improvisation (CI), and how they relate to the values associated with democracy understood to be embedded in CI. From 2014 to 2017, I conducted interviews with seven persons who are CI dancers and teachers from different European countries. The interview material shows that a double set of values is communicated in the ECIC: one that is taught, spoken, written and understood to be holding on to and embodying ’the social ideologies of the early ’70s which rejected traditional gender roles and social hierarchies’ (Novack, 1990, 11) and a second set in which traditional gender roles and social hierarchies are active and experienced by European CI dancer-teachers and dancers when participating in CI events.

Divorce in contemporary Japan

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Fukurai ◽  
Jon Alston
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Divorce Rate ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Integration Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
Divorce Rates

SummaryData from the 1985–86 Japanese census are analysed to explore the determinants of the divorce rates in Japan's forty-seven prefectures, using two theoretical models: (a) the social integration model, which is shown to have a greater utility in predicting Japanese divorce levels than (b), the human capital model. Female emigration patterns play a significant role in affecting the divorce rate. Population increase and net household income are also important predictors of the Japanese divorce rate and urbanization has a great influence in modern Japan. Demographic and aggregate variables such as migration, urbanization, and socioeconomic factors are useful when organized under a social integration model.

scholarly journals Total Impaction of Deciduous Maxillary Molars: Two Case Reports

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaan Gündüz ◽  
Mehtap Muğlali ◽  
Samet Inal
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Primary Tooth ◽  
Inferior Wall ◽  
Maxillary Molars ◽  
Tooth Impaction ◽  
Deciduous Molar ◽  
Deciduous Molars

Abstract Aim The purpose of this report is to present two cases of totally impacted maxillary deciduous molars, considered a rarity in dental practice. Background Primary tooth impaction is quite rare during the development of primary dentition. Various factors contribute to the impaction of a deciduous tooth, including anklyosis, congenitally missing permanent teeth, defects in the periodontal membrane, trauma, injury of the periodontal ligament, precocious eruption of the first permanent molar, defective eruptive force, or a combination of these factors. Reports Case #1 An 18-year-old male presented with a complaint of spontaneous repetitious pain in the maxillary right premolar region. The maxillary right second premolar was clinically absent. Panoramic and periapical radiographs revealed an impacted second premolar close to the inferior wall of the maxillary sinus and an impacted deciduous molar deeply embedded in bone within the maxillary sinus. Case #2 A 14-year-old girl presented with a complaint of crowding of the maxillary teeth. The maxillary right second premolar and the maxillary permanent canines were clinically absent. A panoramic radiograph revealed an impacted maxillary right second premolar and an impacted deciduous molar embedded within bone close to the inferior wall of the maxillary sinus. Summary The total impactation of deciduous teeth is a rare condition, and few cases have been reported in the literature. The condition generally affects the mandibular second deciduous molar and the maxillary first deciduous least often. In this paper, two cases of totally impacted maxillary deciduous molars are reported. Citation Gündüz K, Muğlali M, Inal S. Total Impaction of Deciduous Maxillary Molars: Two Case Reports. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 September; (8)6:064-071.

scholarly journals Impact of Work Life Balance on the Social Life of Workers Living in Lagos Metropolitan Borders

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oyedele O. Ola ◽  
Willoughby O. John ◽  
Olaniyi A. Simeon ◽  
Oyero A. Mutiu
Keyword(s):  
Job Stress ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Work Life Balance ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Life Balance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Work Life Conflict

The need to maintain proper work life balance is becoming increasingly important; it has motivated several academic research efforts. In the quest for Lagos transformation from a mega city to a smart city, work life balance issues as it has to do with housing, work and urban liveability remains a contemporary issue that calls for keen attention. The rate of population increase in Lagos is not commensurate with the availability and development of social infrastructure, which has caused a number of the workers gainfully employed in Lagos to seek such in nearby state - Ogun State, specifically border towns which includes Ota, Ifo, Mowe, Magboro, Ibafo, Agbara etc. Consequently, such employees face job stress and work-life conflict caused by long working hours, unrelenting traffic, early resumption and late closure at work. This research examined the plausible consequence of work life imbalance measured by job stress and work-life conflict on the social life measured by job satisfaction and wellbeing of such people. A sample of 242 respondents was selected for survey using Yaro Yamane random sampling method & Rao Soft sample estimation method. Primary method of data collection was used. A well-structured questionnaire was administered and interviews were conducted while responses were analysed using product moment correlation and linear regression. Results proved that work life balance has profound impacts on the social life of workers in Lagos Metropolitan borders. This paper recommends that individuals should take active roles in ensuring work life balance; organisations must proactively identify and understand demographic & work related factors; create supportive workplace policies; adopt & implement flexible work strategies and assume the responsibility of reducing/eliminating job stress. In addition, Government should intervene and initiate measures to tackle transportation inadequacies with legislations on provision of work life balance incentives for workers.

scholarly journals DAMPAK FERTILITAS TERHADAP KEBUTUHAN DASAR KELUARGA (Studi Kasus Pada Keluarga Dengan Jumlah Anak Lebih dari Dua di Desa Pondok Kelapa, Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-67
Author(s):  
Heri Sunaryanto
Keyword(s):  
Social Values ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cross Tabulation ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of high fertility on the fulfillment of basic needs in Central Bengkulu Regency. This research is quantitative descriptive with the number of respondents was 50 people. The analytical method used was SPSS (Statistic Program for Sosial Sciences) with cross tabulation analysis and triangulation. The results showed that there was no relationship between the number of children and the fulfillment of basic needs such as education, fulfillment of food, shelter and health. There are several reasons of the explanation of the social reality. Furthermore, from the people perspective high fertility level is more linked to social values of children than of the calculation based on the fulfillment of basic needs.Keywords: Impact Fertility, Education, Housing, Food and Health.

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