Economic and Social Interactions in the Piedmont Village Tradition-Mississippian Boundarylands of Southeastern North America, AD 1200–1600

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-92
Author(s):  
Eric E. Jones ◽  
Maya B. Krause ◽  
Caroline R. Watson ◽  
Grayson N. O'Saile
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Complex Societies ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
The North ◽  
American Southeast ◽  
Tool Types ◽  
High Degree

This research seeks to understand the economic and social interaction patterns among dispersed Piedmont Village Tradition communities in the North American Southeast, AD 1200–1600. Piedmont Village Tradition communities lived adjacent to Mississippian societies and have been categorized as a peripheral society because of this spatial relationship. We examine economic behaviors by constructing fall-off curves of local versus nonlocal lithic material proportions at settlement sites and examining the reduction behaviors and tool types at sites. The results support a possible gateway model for the acquisition and distribution of nonlocal materials that linked spatially proximate communities. To examine social interaction patterns, we conducted a Brainerd-Robinson analysis of ceramic attributes from six sites and combined our results with work by Rogers (1993). The results show sites with stylistic similarities are not the same sites that share lithic resources. We conclude that these spatially non-overlapping artifact patterns result from a heterarchical social organization with a high degree of independence between economic and social interactions. Finally, we contextualize our results within the current knowledge of Mississippian and Piedmont Village Tradition societies in the region to broaden the discussion of gateways in reciprocity-based economies, societies traditionally thought of as peripheral to complex societies, and coalescence.

Developing an Index of Ethnic Community Participation

1978 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Sengstock
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Ethnic Community ◽  
Geographical Proximity ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Community Characteristics ◽  
Cultural Behavior ◽  
Ethnic Associations ◽  
High Degree

This paper is an attempt to construct an index of community characteristics of the Chaldean Iraqi-Americans residing in Metropolitan Detroit, Michigan, by suggesting that an ethnic occupation, a high degree of intermarriage within the ethnic group, and geographical proximity, might serve to unite the Chaldean community as effectively as ethnic associations united the communities in Raymond Breton's study. These three variables are found to be intercorrelated and predictive of the general cultural behavior of the Chaldean community as well as of their values, social interaction patterns, and certain phases of general culture. This has several consequences for ethnic research.

Observed Social Interaction Patterns in Adolescents with and without Craniofacial Conditions

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 380-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen A. Kapp-Simon ◽  
Dennis E. Mcguire
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
School Lunch ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Type Frequency ◽  
Social Interaction Skills

Objective: This study examined social interactions of adolescents in a natural environment (school lunch room) to determine if there were identifiable differences in social behavior between children with and without craniofacial conditions (CFC). Design: This was an observational study comparing social interaction skills of children with CFC to peers without craniofacial conditions. Setting: The observations were conducted in the respective school lunch rooms of the adolescents with CFC. Participants: Clinical subjects were 13 adolescents (4 male) with various craniofacial conditions (5 cleft lip and palate) and 12 (4 male) peers without CFC present in the same lunch room. Main Outcome Measures: An unknown observer obtained 45 minutes of structured observational data on subject initiations, responses, nondirected comments, and extended conversations over two to three lunch room periods. Data was coded on the Epson HX-20 for type, frequency, and duration of social contact. Specific measures included: subject initiations and responses, peer initiations and responses, conversations events, and nondirected comments. Results: Statistically significant differences were found between CFC and comparison subjects (CS) on each social interaction variable measured. CS initiated more contacts, received positive responses more frequently, and engaged in longer conversations than CFC subjects ([F (1,24) = 14.1, p <.01; F (1,24) = 61.2, p <.001; F (1,24) = 5.50, p <.05]. CS were approached by and responded appropriately to peers more often [F (1,24) = 28.1, p <.001; F (1,24) = 43.2, p <.001]. Subjects with CFC were more likely to produce nondirected comments (N = 7, x = 0, p < .01). Conclusions: A significant number of children with CFC behaved differently than their peers in a natural, daily occurring situation. They were often at the periphery of the group, observers rather than participants in conversation.

Job Satisfaction and Social Interactions of Mildly Retarded Males in Uni -and Multi-disability Workshops

1979 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Work Values ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Physically Handicapped

Thirty mildly retarded males from uni-disability workshops and thirty mildly retarded males from multi-disability workshops were administrated a job satisfaction questionaire and a social interaction scale. Results indicated differential patterns of job satisfaction and dissatisfaction as well as different social interaction patterns between groups. The more “normalizing” effect of the multi-disability workshop where retarded trainees have the opportunity to model socially acceptable work values. and behaviors from physically handicapped trainees and staff was revealed.

scholarly journals Host-guest interactions: First-generation Filipino immigrants in New Zealand and their visiting friends and relatives (VFR) from the Philippines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Robert Charles Garcia Capistrano
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
The Social ◽  
Visiting Friends And Relatives

<p>This thesis examines social interactions between Filipino immigrant-hosts residing in New Zealand and their visiting friends and relatives (VFRs) from the Philippines as guests. The growth of migration and immigrant communities globally has become a major source of tourists resulting from developing and extending relationships and kinship in the receiving country of the immigrant-hosts. Despite advances in VFR travel research, most studies focus on the VFR travellers and generally neglect the significance of the host as a factor in the overall travel experience. There is a need to examine host-guest relationships in the context of VFR travel research as travel and tourism have by and large neglected issues of sociality and how it is concerned with social relations. Similarly, there is an element of “othering” comprised in the host-guest relationship when the social interaction is a meeting of strangers. However, this study explores social interactions where the actors take on host and guest roles that are layered upon other elements of their pre-existing relationships. This research recognises that while the hosts and guests may share a similar cultural background, the social interactions under study take place in a different cultural setting.  The overall question that guides this research is: “How are social interactions between immigrant-hosts and their VFRs understood and interpreted by them?” Currently, there is a lack of conceptual and theoretical understanding of VFR travel and the host-guest phenomenon, as well as of the meanings and interpretations resulting from their social interactions. The underpinning paradigm for this thesis is hermeneutic phenomenology, which seeks to understand the truths derived from the experiences. This paradigm guides the study to derive an understanding of the social interactions and the meanings that immigrant-hosts and their guests attach to situations. A holistic approach was utilised to examine the social interactions of the immigrant-host and VFR relationship incorporating social exchange theory and the theory of emotional solidarity which will enable consideration of the various dimensions of social interaction.  Individual and family/group interviews were conducted after the visit in order to provide a comprehensive approach and capture the range of interactions that occur between hosts and guests. The immigrant-host families and VFRs were interviewed after the post-visit phase in New Zealand and the Philippines, respectively. This study therefore incorporates multiple perspectives in studying VFR travel across time and space. Through thematic analysis and qualitative metasynthesis, the meanings provided by the hosts and guests to situations which occurred during the visit are analysed in order to give a voice to these groups.  The social interactions between immigrant-hosts and VFRs are dynamic, multidimensional and multi-faceted when examined from the multiple perspectives of the hosts and guests. The findings indicate that friendship and kinship appear to be special relationships to which people attach great importance, both personally and culturally, as friends and relatives provide a sense of identity and reaffirm social ties. This thesis contributes to current knowledge in interpreting the meanings of friendship and kinship in a cultural context and how it relates to VFR travel which may have an implication for both tourism and migration and on understanding the social interactions of immigrant-hosts living in their new homeland and their families and friends who visit them.</p>

Social interaction patterns according to stocking density and time post-mixing in group-housed gestating sows

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Loup Rault
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
First Order ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Social Behaviours

Housing systems should enable animals to interact socially while minimising aggression. This study investigated whether social interaction patterns in groups of indoor-housed gestating sows are affected by stocking density (‘SD’), by varying the number of sows per pen, and day after mixing. Unacquainted sows were grouped within 5 days of insemination at 1.45 (High; ‘H-SD’), 2.0 (Moderate; ‘M-SD’) or 2.9 m2 per sow (Low; ‘L-SD’) by placing 20, 14 or 10 sows per pen. Five pens per treatment were represented, and within each pen, 10 focal sows were observed. Social behaviours between focal sows were analysed continuously for 15 min after drop-feeding the day after mixing (Day 2) and 1 week later (Day 9), and plasma cortisol and progesterone concentrations analysed on Days 2 and 26. Overall, 587 interactions were observed, with 59% being short one reciprocal actions. Sows used more physical aggression at H-SD on Day 2 such as bites (vs M-SD and L-SD: both P < 0.01), head knocks and pushes (vs L-SD: P = 0.01; vs M-SD: P = 0.06), whereas social interactions at lower SD were more frequent (L-SD vs H-SD: P = 0.004; L-SD vs M-SD: P = 0.02) and contained presumably neutral social behaviours such as nose contacts (L-SD vs H-SD: P = 0.06; M-SD vs H-SD: P = 0.07), or non-physical agonistic behaviours such as threats (L-SD vs H-SD: P = 0.07). A first-order Markov transitional analysis revealed positive feedback loops for bites and knocks or pushes at higher SD on Day 2 (all P < 0.05). Cortisol concentration decreased as SD decreased (L-SD vs H-SD: P < 0.001; L-SD vs M-SD: P = 0.02; M-SD vs H-SD: P = 0.07). Hence, interactions were more aggressive and less frequent at higher SD at Day 2 post-mixing, but differences vanished at Day 9. Valuable information can be gained from analysing the type of social behaviours and behavioural sequences, in addition to overall aggression frequency.

Social Interaction Patterns of High and Low Status Behaviorally Disordered Students within Self-Contained Classroom Settings: A Pilot Investigation

1984 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry Maheady ◽  
Diane M. Sainato
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Free Play ◽  
High Status ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Behaviorally Disordered ◽  
Special Education Programs

The purpose of the present investigation was to provide information regarding the social interaction patterns of behaviorally disordered students in self-contained special education programs. The highest and lowest sociometrically rated students in each of three elementary, self-contained special education programs were observed during free play time for 5 minutes each day over a 4-week period. The quantity (frequency), quality (positive or negative), and reciprocal nature of their social interactions with classroom peers were recorded. Results of this investigation indicate that, for the most part, social interactions among behaviorally disordered youngsters were both positive and reciprocal in nature. In addition, no discernible differences were noted between the target-initiated social behavior of high and low status students. However, specific differences were found in peer social behavior that was directed toward the target subjects. High status students were the recipients of (a) higher rates of peer initiations, (b) greater percentages of positive social initiations, and (c) fewer negative social contacts. Low status children, on the other hand, encountered fewer peer-initiated contacts, and of these, a greater percentage were negative in nature. Implications for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Host-guest interactions: First-generation Filipino immigrants in New Zealand and their visiting friends and relatives (VFR) from the Philippines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Robert Charles Garcia Capistrano
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
The Social ◽  
Visiting Friends And Relatives

<p>This thesis examines social interactions between Filipino immigrant-hosts residing in New Zealand and their visiting friends and relatives (VFRs) from the Philippines as guests. The growth of migration and immigrant communities globally has become a major source of tourists resulting from developing and extending relationships and kinship in the receiving country of the immigrant-hosts. Despite advances in VFR travel research, most studies focus on the VFR travellers and generally neglect the significance of the host as a factor in the overall travel experience. There is a need to examine host-guest relationships in the context of VFR travel research as travel and tourism have by and large neglected issues of sociality and how it is concerned with social relations. Similarly, there is an element of “othering” comprised in the host-guest relationship when the social interaction is a meeting of strangers. However, this study explores social interactions where the actors take on host and guest roles that are layered upon other elements of their pre-existing relationships. This research recognises that while the hosts and guests may share a similar cultural background, the social interactions under study take place in a different cultural setting.  The overall question that guides this research is: “How are social interactions between immigrant-hosts and their VFRs understood and interpreted by them?” Currently, there is a lack of conceptual and theoretical understanding of VFR travel and the host-guest phenomenon, as well as of the meanings and interpretations resulting from their social interactions. The underpinning paradigm for this thesis is hermeneutic phenomenology, which seeks to understand the truths derived from the experiences. This paradigm guides the study to derive an understanding of the social interactions and the meanings that immigrant-hosts and their guests attach to situations. A holistic approach was utilised to examine the social interactions of the immigrant-host and VFR relationship incorporating social exchange theory and the theory of emotional solidarity which will enable consideration of the various dimensions of social interaction.  Individual and family/group interviews were conducted after the visit in order to provide a comprehensive approach and capture the range of interactions that occur between hosts and guests. The immigrant-host families and VFRs were interviewed after the post-visit phase in New Zealand and the Philippines, respectively. This study therefore incorporates multiple perspectives in studying VFR travel across time and space. Through thematic analysis and qualitative metasynthesis, the meanings provided by the hosts and guests to situations which occurred during the visit are analysed in order to give a voice to these groups.  The social interactions between immigrant-hosts and VFRs are dynamic, multidimensional and multi-faceted when examined from the multiple perspectives of the hosts and guests. The findings indicate that friendship and kinship appear to be special relationships to which people attach great importance, both personally and culturally, as friends and relatives provide a sense of identity and reaffirm social ties. This thesis contributes to current knowledge in interpreting the meanings of friendship and kinship in a cultural context and how it relates to VFR travel which may have an implication for both tourism and migration and on understanding the social interactions of immigrant-hosts living in their new homeland and their families and friends who visit them.</p>

scholarly journals Development Of Adaptive, Spritual, Academic And Social (ASAS) Programs In Revitalizing Social Interactions Of Students

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvri Simbolon ◽  
Roida Lumbantobing ◽  
Jupalman Simbolon ◽  
Harisan Boni Firmando
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Academic Program ◽  
Social Programs ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
The Social ◽  
Strongly Agree

If the diversity of a community is not managed properly, it will cause various problems that can lead to disharmony in the interaction patterns in that community. The diversity of students of the Faculty of Social Science and Christian Humaniora (FISHK) of IAKN Tarutung leads to a tendency to cause grouping and even create competition, which greatly affects the patterns of interactions among students. The purpose of this research is to develop the ASAS programs in revitalizing the social interaction patterns of students of the Faculty of Social Science and Christian Humaniora (FISHK) of IAKN Tarutung. This research method uses a quantitative description, which aims to explain events that are described in the form of Figures containing useful numbers. The four indicators for the Adaptive Program (A) show that 31.13% of respondents strongly agree to hold adaptive programs, 61.13% of respondents agree, 6.78% disagree, and 0.88% of respondents strongly disagree. The seven indicators for the Spiritual Program (S) show that 38.14% of respondents strongly agree to hold spiritual activities, 56.71% of respondents agree, 5.14% of respondents disagree, and no one strongly disagrees. The five indicators for the Academic Program (A) show that 29.4% of respondents strongly agree to hold an academic program, 61.6% of the respondents agree, 8.4% of respondents disagree, and 0.6% of the respondents strongly disagree. The four indicators for the Spiritual Program (S) show that 30.75% of respondents strongly agree to hold social activities, 60% of the respondents agree, 8.75% of respondents disagree, and less than one percent (0.5%) of respondents strongly disagree. From all the indicators in the ASAS program that have been implemented, it can be concluded that the ASAS (Adaptive, Spiritual, Academic and Social) programs can be as solutions in revitalizing interaction patterns among students and those can become references for readers or others in overcoming disharmony issues in a community.

“Shhhh! Alex Has Something To Say”: AAC-SGD Use in the Classroom Setting

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 108-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Mellman ◽  
Laura S. DeThorne ◽  
Julie A. Hengst
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Classroom Community ◽  
Classroom Observations ◽  
Classroom Teachers ◽  
Classroom Setting ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Missed Opportunities

Abstract The present qualitative study was designed to examine augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) practices, particularly surrounding speech-generating devices (SGDs), in the classroom setting. We focused on three key child participants, their classroom teachers, and associated speech-language pathologists across three different schools. In addition to semi-structured interviews of all participants, six classroom observations per child were completed. Data were coded according to both pre-established and emergent themes. Four broad themes emerged: message-focused AAC use, social interactions within the classroom community, barriers to successful AAC-SGD use, and missed opportunities. Findings revealed a lack of SGD use in the classroom for two children as well as limited social interaction across all cases. We conclude by highlighting the pervasive sense of missed opportunities across these classroom observations and yet, at the same time, the striking resiliency of communicative effort in these cases.

Behavioral Assessment of Social Interactions in Natural Settings

1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Santoyo
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Behavioral Assessment ◽  
Behavioral Observation ◽  
Social Responsiveness ◽  
Social Agents ◽  
Social Effectiveness ◽  
Natural Settings

The present paper deals with behavioral assessment of social interaction in natural settings. The design of observational systems that allow the identification of the direction, contents, quality and social agents involved in a social interchange is an aim of social interaction assessment and research. In the first part a description of a system of behavioral observation of social interaction is presented. This system permits the identification of the above mentioned aspects. Secondly a strategy for the behavioral assessment of social skills is described. This strategy is based on the consequences and effects of social interaction, and it is supported by three basic processes: social effectiveness, social responsiveness and reciprocity.

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