scholarly journals From Marx to Market: The Debates on the Economic System in Vietnam’s Revised Constitution

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duy Nghia PHAM
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Economic Order ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Party State

AbstractThis article analyzes the socio-economic and political contexts behind the2013 Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam(2013 Constitution), in which demands for deeper institutional reform emerged in Vietnam, and explains the constitutional discourse within Vietnam as to its economic order. Diverse forces and platforms within Vietnam’s party-state and beyond have contributed to the exchange of ideas and values on the economic order. As a result of this public discourse, the provisions on the economic order of the 2013 Constitution are ideological compromises, reflecting the contradicting views within the party-state and society in Vietnam on the role of the market, private property, and the freedom to conduct business. The 2013 Constitution has taken a step towards a free market economy by recognizing the decisive role of the market in the national economy. It emphasizes the importance of the private sector and promises that it will be treated fairly among all other economic sectors. From this perspective, the 2013 Constitution contains the seeds of future political and legal guarantees which could protect individual liberties. However, in line with the socialist ideology adopted by its predecessors, the 2013 Constitution reaffirms the dominance of the public sector and the leading role of state-owned enterprises, and preserves the ambiguous “ownership of the entire Vietnamese people of land and natural resources”. Due to this ambiguity, the 2013 Constitution fails to lay down the foundations for far-reaching comprehensive institutional reforms that Vietnam urgently requires.

KEGAGALAN PRIVATISASI BUMN DI ERA REZIM ORDE BARU DALAM PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI POLITIK

Wacana Publik ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syamsul Ma'arif
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
The State ◽  
Early Years ◽  
New Order ◽  
Free Market Economy ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Role Of The State

After had being carried out nationalization and hostility against west countries, the New Order regime made important decision to change Indonesia economic direction from etatism system to free market economy. A set of policies were taken in order private sector could play major role in economic. However, when another economic sectors were reformed substantially, effords to reform the State Owned Enterprises had failed. The State Owned Enterprise, in fact, remained to play dominant role like early years of guided democracy era. Role of the State Owned Enterprises was more and more powerfull). The main problem of reforms finally lied on reality that vested interest of bureaucrats (civil or military) was so large that could’nt been overcome. 

scholarly journals What type of economy Russia needs

2019 ◽  
pp. 32-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. I. Kochurova ◽  
Yu. N. Kleshchevskiy ◽  
E. I. Kharlampenkov
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Market Theory ◽  
Party Leaders ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Scientific Potential ◽  
Market Management

The article proves inevitability of market management of national economy. The authors introduced in academic circulation such notions as ‘business market’ and ‘developed market.’ Serious attention is paid to the role of private property in life of society and organization of national economy. Drawbacks of national economy management in soviet times were shown, incompetence of party leaders was highlighted and this resulted in the fact that ways of coordinating industrial relations with economic laws were not found. The soviet power was not able to use market laws in the interests of the country. Party leaders were not eager to understand the market theory, as market was denied. Reforms were ineffective due to this reason. Today Russia is facing the necessity to choose strategy for the future: it could be an inertial way of neo-liberal reforms and degradation of scientific potential or mobilization of intellectual resources aiming at economy restructuring on the basis of developed market with the leading role of state. The quality of state governance can help renew social sphere, achieve sustainable growth in the standard of living, where the leading role will belong to science of life, man and society.

Open Innovation with Chinese Characteristics

2019 ◽  
pp. 152-166
Author(s):  
Henry Chesbrough
Keyword(s):  
Open Innovation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Chinese Characteristics ◽  
World Class ◽  
Rival Firms

Open Innovation in China is greatly affected by the powerful role of the Chinese Communist Party. Xi Jinping thought introduces a tension between the ‘decisive role of the markets’ to allocate resources and stimulate innovation across the economy and ‘the leading role of the Party’ to guide the development of innovation in the most important industries. This tension plays out differently in different industries in China. In high-speed rail, the tension has been adroitly managed, creating an organization with world class innovation capabilities that is a peer with the best of the rival firms in the world. In automotive and semiconductors, however, the tension has been more problematic. The state-owned enterprises are well aligned with the Party, while it is the privately owned companies and foreign companies that are driving innovation.

scholarly journals The issue of borders and cross-border processes in socio-humanitarian sciences

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
O. F. Benchak
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Interdisciplinary Studies ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Medium Level

The essence of social knowledge of borders and cross-border processes in the socio-humanitarian sciences in general and in sociology in particular has been analyzed in the article. The three stages of formation of knowledge about these phenomena and processes have been distinguished on this basis. Particular attention has been paid to the characteristics of the third stage, when interdisciplinary researches become dominant in social cognition due to the leading role of sociology. The special role of the sociology in the cognitive process, its possibilities in conducting theoretic, methodological and empirical studies has been determined. The necessity of constituting a separate direction - «sociology of borders and cross-border processes» as a medium-level sociological theory has been emphasized. Cross-border processes exist since there are boundaries. They may be limited by one or another part of states’ territories, but also they may cover all their depth. The purpose of boundaries’ establishing is to protect the state’s resource potential (human and natural). The purpose of their violation is to capture this potential. The large-scale violation of the border is the war of one country, which is accompanied by various human losses. The conducted analysis shows that the boundaries are a historical product that appeared at that stage of society’s development, when it became necessary to regulate the spatial existence of private property institutions and the existence of the state. Together with changes in these institutions’ development needs, the relevant cross-border processes are taking place in the space. That’s why, there are no unchanged borders. The exceptional significance of the sociological version of the system methodology being the methodological platform for interdisciplinary studies of cross-boundary processes and phenomena has been grounded.

Reform from within? Central banks and the reconfiguration of neoliberal monetary policy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grahame F. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Monetary Policy ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Labour Party ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
National Economies ◽  
Market Economics

At the level of national economies, Grahame Thompson probes the shifting role of central banks, particularly the Bank of England, in handling the manifest inadequacies of free-market economics in the wake of the 2008 financial crash. Although the Bank has not explicitly disavowed market orthodoxy, Thompson finds that there have been distinct shifts away from the practices initiated by the rise of neo-liberal monetary policy forty years ago. While seeking to pilot the UK’s financial system into a leading role in the international economy, the Bank, like its counterparts elsewhere, has also become both the key manager as well as regulator of the national economy. Its championing of ‘quantitative easing’ to try to stimulate economic growth could, argues Thompson, be compatible with the more radical ‘people’s QE’ advocated by the Corbyn camp in the Labour Party. While such a conversion may currently be beyond the mindset of the mandarin class, its possibility and the new-found pragmatism and powers of the Bank, suggests a non-neoliberal government and a reformed Bank, could pursue a more socially sensitive and progressive path.

scholarly journals Miasto jako dobro wspólne czy suma prywatnych własności? O polskiej kwestii miejskiej w kontekście działalności ruchów miejskich

2020 ◽  
pp. 477-492
Author(s):  
Paweł Kubicki
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Urban Social Movements ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The article discusses two ideas of the city in the Polish public discourse: the city as a commons and its antithesis – the city as the sum of private property. In the first part of the article, the author analyses the processes in which both ideas were developed. In the second part of the article the author analyses the role of Polish urban social movements, which are one of the few social actors that discussed the idea of the city as a commons when Polish public discourse was dominated by neoliberal dogmas in which the city was reduced to the sum of private property. In conclusion, according to Victor Turner’s concept of social change, the author analyses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the reception of both ideas in Polish public discourse.

Territorial Organization of Social Services in Central Russia: Shaping Features and Growth Drivers

10.12737/5224 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Бельчук ◽  
YElyena Byelchuk ◽  
Мариен ◽  
Lyudmila Mariyen
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Territorial Organization

The paper considers several issues concerning spatial organization and development of social services at both macro- and meso-levels; reveals how various social services branches affect economic activities of territories of differing ranks, which plays a decisive role in human resources reproduction and helps to improve life quality of people, involved directly in shaping human capital of the society. The role of Central Russia and its constituent regions in shaping and running the national social services system is highlighted; drivers of social services territorial organization at the national state nucleus are examined. Also the author defines directions for further development of social services at the macro-region level, conducive to improving performance within all economic sectors.

scholarly journals Chciwość czy kultura chciwości? Dyskusje nad źródłami kryzysu finansowego

1970 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 165-185
Author(s):  
Jacek Sójka
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Mortgage Industry ◽  
Economic Downturns ◽  
Religious Writings ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

Greed as an excessive desire for wealth returned as a popular catchword after the fall of Lehman Brothers in 2008. Because it was only the beginning of the global financial crisis, the notion of greed has been present in public discourse since that time. A legitimate question arises to what extent it could have really contributed to economic instability. But equally important are the questions of semantics. Of course, the notion of greed has its ancient roots and has been always present in religious writings and philosophical works, but today’s use of this notion requires an analysis. What do we mean when we say “greed”? What do we want to achieve (pragmatic aspect), and what are the motives of those writers who include greed into their diagnoses of economic downturns? The major claim of this article is that greed as an individual desire cannot be a proper explanation of the crisis. More important factors are the political and social mechanisms, esp. the role of the regulators of the mortgage industry in the US. Sociological analysis of that industry, which triggered thewhole crisis, shows that the crisis was not an example of the excess of the free market and deregulation but rather something created by the politicians. Paradoxically an analysis of the systemic social and political factors which had led to the crisis allow us to reflect on greed as a notion which is a part of the so-called culture of excess – characterized, among others, by the process of the “democratization of desires”.

scholarly journals BRICS and Civil Society: Challenges and Future Perspectives in a Multipolar World

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-190
Author(s):  
Francesco Petrone ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Current Growth ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
The Many ◽  
Do So

This paper investigates the role of civil society (CS) in relation to issues of global concern, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, it focuses on the role of CS in the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa). Western CS has, over time, shown certain limitations that have exposed it to a number of criticisms, while in BRICS, CS could begin to play a decisive role as a “historical bloc,” using Gramsci’s expression. In fact, BRICS has repeatedly reiterated that it wants to reshape global governance (GG), and indeed its current growth has shown that it could effectively do so. Therefore, it is worth analyzing what role CS plays in this process. This analysis leads to an understanding of the many advances, and also the diverse limitations, that characterize the effectiveness of the work of CS in the BRICS countries. Thus, CS’s ability to be decisive in policymaking remains unclear. The argument in this paper proceeds as follows: some classical theories on CS are analyzed, highlighting the ethical tasks in which CS should be engaged; then, criticisms directed toward western CS are debated. Finally, the limitations and potential that CS has in the BRICS countries is considered, above all in light of the recent response to COVID-19. The conclusions highlight the fact that, if the BRICS countries want to play a leading role in GG and, broadly speaking, in future multilateralism, CS must play a decisive role within them. Specifically, a solid cooperation, or even a stable alliance, is needed between the civil societies of BRICS countries in order to address pressing issues and demands coming from the Global South.

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