What feminism did to novel studies

2006 ◽  
pp. 99-118
Author(s):  
Nancy Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Novel Studies

scholarly journals Cohort profile of Acutelines: a large data/biobank of acute and emergency medicine

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e047349
Author(s):  
Ewoud ter Avest ◽  
Barbara C van Munster ◽  
Raymond J van Wijk ◽  
Sanne Tent ◽  
Sanne Ter Horst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Care ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Novel Studies ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Registration Number

PurposeResearch in acute care faces many challenges, including enrolment challenges, legal limitations in data sharing, limited funding and lack of singular ownership of the domain of acute care. To overcome these challenges, the Center of Acute Care of the University Medical Center Groningen in the Netherlands, has established a de novo data, image and biobank named ‘Acutelines’.ParticipantsClinical data, imaging data and biomaterials (ie, blood, urine, faeces, hair) are collected from patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with a broad range of acute disease presentations. A deferred consent procedure (by proxy) is in place to allow collecting data and biomaterials prior to obtaining written consent. The digital infrastructure used ensures automated capturing of all bed-side monitoring data (ie, vital parameters, electrophysiological waveforms) and securely importing data from other sources, such as the electronic health records of the hospital, ambulance and general practitioner, municipal registration and pharmacy. Data are collected from all included participants during the first 72 hours of their hospitalisation, while follow-up data are collected at 3 months, 1 year, 2 years and 5 years after their ED visit.Findings to dateEnrolment of the first participant occurred on 1 September 2020. During the first month, 653 participants were screened for eligibility, of which 180 were approached as potential participants. In total, 151 (84%) provided consent for participation of which 89 participants fulfilled criteria for collection of biomaterials.Future plansThe main aim of Acutelines is to facilitate research in acute medicine by providing the framework for novel studies and issuing data, images and biomaterials for future research. The protocol will be extended by connecting with central registries to obtain long-term follow-up data, for which we already request permission from the participant.Trial registration numberNCT04615065.

Australian Indigenous Ochres

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian Huntley
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Novel Studies ◽  
Trade And Exchange ◽  
Key Terms

Aboriginal Australians use ochre in varied cultural practices. It is found in the earliest to most recent archaeological sites and geographically across the wide-ranging geological and climatic contexts of the continent. Ochre’s importance in Aboriginal societies, coupled with its availability across Australia and its long-term durability, has led to a ubiquitous archaeological presence with considerable potential to study past cultural landscapes and intergroup interactions, including long-distance trade and exchange. Concentrating on scientific sourcing analyses, this article highlights the benefits of archaeopigment research, defining key terms (ochre, provenience, and provenance) and the technicalities of sourcing studies before discussing theoretical frameworks used in interpretations of ochre distribution patterns. The article argues that as we move away from novel studies on ethnographically well-known source locations into applied research, exceptional Australian records are well placed to investigate territoriality, mobility, intergroup and human–landscape interactions, and to explore the catalysts driving cultural diversity.

scholarly journals A Review of Accelerated Long-Term Forgetting in Epilepsy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 945
Author(s):  
Rūta Mameniškienė ◽  
Kristijonas Puteikis ◽  
Arminas Jasionis ◽  
Dalius Jatužis
Keyword(s):  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Epileptiform Activity ◽  
Distinct Pattern ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Novel Studies ◽  
Memory Disorder ◽  
Antiepileptic Medication ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Neocortical Network

Accelerated long-term forgetting (ALF) is a memory disorder that manifests by a distinct pattern of normal memory for up to an hour after learning, but an increased rate of forgetting during the subsequent hours and days. The topic of ALF has gained much attention in group studies with epilepsy patients and the phenomenon has been shown to have contradictory associations with seizures, epileptiform activity, imaging data, sleep, and antiepileptic medication. The aim of this review was to explore how clinical and imaging data could help determine the topographic and physiological substrate of ALF, and what is the possible use of this information in the clinical setting. We have reviewed 51 group studies in English to provide a synthesis of the existing findings concerning ALF in epilepsy. Analysis of recently reported data among patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, transient epileptic amnesia, and generalized and extratemporal epilepsies provided further indication that ALF is likely a disorder of late memory consolidation. The spatial substrate of ALF might be located along the parts of the hippocampal–neocortical network and novel studies reveal the increasingly possible importance of damage in extrahippocampal sites. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms of cellular impairment in ALF and to develop effective methods of care for patients with the disorder.

scholarly journals Metabolic consequences of ileal interruption of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids

2020 ◽  
Vol 319 (5) ◽  
pp. G619-G625
Author(s):  
Ivo P. van de Peppel ◽  
Henkjan J. Verkade ◽  
Johan W. Jonker
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Enterohepatic Circulation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Novel Studies ◽  
Sodium Dependent ◽  
Bile Acid Transporter ◽  
Bile Acid Secretion ◽  
Different Levels

The enterohepatic circulation of bile acids comprises a tightly regulated process of hepatic bile acid secretion, intestinal reabsorption and transport back to the liver. Disruption of this process has significant consequences for gastrointestinal, liver and whole body homeostasis and therefore offers opportunities for therapeutic intervention. In this review we discuss the effects of (pharmacological) interruption of the enterohepatic circulation at different levels. Recently, several studies have been published on ileal interruption of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids, targeting the apical-sodium dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT, SLC10A2), as therapy for various diseases. However, ambiguous results have been reported and in-depth mechanistic insights are lacking. Here we discuss these novel studies and review the current knowledge on the consequences of ASBT inhibition and its potential effects on physiology and metabolism.

scholarly journals Checking the Consistency of Volunteered Phenological Observations While Analysing Their Synchrony

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Mehdipoor ◽  
Raul Zurita-Milla ◽  
Ellen-Wien Augustijn ◽  
Arnold van Vliet
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Daily Temperature ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Novel Studies ◽  
Consistency Constraints ◽  
Phenological Event ◽  
Temporal Dispersion

The increasing availability of volunteered geographic information (VGI) enables novel studies in many scientific domains. However, inconsistent VGI can negatively affect these studies. This paper describes a workflow that checks the consistency of Volunteered Phenological Observations (VPOs) while considering the synchrony of observations (i.e., the temporal dispersion of a phenological event). The geographic coordinates, day of the year (DOY) of the observed event, and the accumulation of daily temperature until that DOY were used to: (1) spatially group VPOs by connecting observations that are near to each other, (2) define consistency constraints, (3) check the consistency of VPOs by evaluating the defined constraints, and (4) optimize the constraints by analysing the effect of inconsistent VPOs on the synchrony models derived from the observations. This workflow was tested using VPOs collected in the Netherlands during the period 2003–2015. We found that the average percentage of inconsistent observations was low to moderate (ranging from 1% for wood anemone and pedunculate oak to 15% for cow parsley species). This indicates that volunteers provide reliable phenological information. We also found a significant correlation between the standard deviation of DOY of the observed events and the accumulation of daily temperature (with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.78 for lesser celandine, and 0.60 for pedunculate oak). This confirmed that colder days in late winter and early spring lead to synchronous flowering and leafing onsets. Our results highlighted the potential of synchrony information and geographical context for checking the consistency of phenological VGI. Other domains using VGI can adapt this geocomputational workflow to check the consistency of their data, and hence the robustness of their analyses.

scholarly journals Union of phylogeography and landscape genetics

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (29) ◽  
pp. 8079-8086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie J. Rissler
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Landscape Genetics ◽  
Mojave Desert ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Novel Studies ◽  
Biology I ◽  
Genomic Scale ◽  
Genetics And Genomics ◽  
Lineage Divergence ◽  
Scale Data

Phylogeography and landscape genetics have arisen within the past 30 y. Phylogeography is said to be the bridge between population genetics and systematics, and landscape genetics the bridge between landscape ecology and population genetics. Both fields can be considered as simply the amalgamation of classic biogeography with genetics and genomics; however, they differ in the temporal, spatial, and organismal scales addressed and the methodology used. I begin by briefly summarizing the history and purview of each field and suggest that, even though landscape genetics is a younger field (coined in 2003) than phylogeography (coined in 1987), early studies by Dobzhansky on the “microgeographic races” of Linanthus parryae in the Mojave Desert of California and Drosophila pseudoobscura across the western United States presaged the fields by over 40 y. Recent advances in theory, models, and methods have allowed researchers to better synthesize ecological and evolutionary processes in their quest to answer some of the most basic questions in biology. I highlight a few of these novel studies and emphasize three major areas ripe for investigation using spatially explicit genomic-scale data: the biogeography of speciation, lineage divergence and species delimitation, and understanding adaptation through time and space. Examples of areas in need of study are highlighted, and I end by advocating a union of phylogeography and landscape genetics under the more general field: biogeography.

scholarly journals MYC as a Multifaceted Regulator of Tumor Microenvironment Leading to Metastasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7710
Author(s):  
Erna Marija Meškytė ◽  
Sabiha Keskas ◽  
Yari Ciribilli
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Invasion And Migration ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Novel Studies ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Promote Tumor Growth ◽  
Infiltrating Cells ◽  
Metastasis Development ◽  
And Migration

The Myc family of oncogenes is deregulated in many types of cancer, and their over-expression is often correlated with poor prognosis. The Myc family members are transcription factors that can coordinate the expression of thousands of genes. Among them, c-Myc (MYC) is the gene most strongly associated with cancer, and it is the focus of this review. It regulates the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation, growth, differentiation, self-renewal, survival, metabolism, protein synthesis, and apoptosis. More recently, novel studies have shown that MYC plays a role not only in tumor initiation and growth but also has a broader spectrum of functions in tumor progression. MYC contributes to angiogenesis, immune evasion, invasion, and migration, which all lead to distant metastasis. Moreover, MYC is able to promote tumor growth and aggressiveness by recruiting stromal and tumor-infiltrating cells. In this review, we will dissect all of these novel functions and their involvement in the crosstalk between tumor and host, which have demonstrated that MYC is undoubtedly the master regulator of the tumor microenvironment. In sum, a better understanding of MYC’s role in the tumor microenvironment and metastasis development is crucial in proposing novel and effective cancer treatment strategies.

Evolution of military medicine literature: a scientometric study of global publications on military medicine between 1978 and 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 166 (E) ◽  
pp. e25-e33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Engin Şenel
Keyword(s):  
Military Medicine ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
Novel Studies ◽  
Publication Patterns ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
The Military

ObjectivesScientometrics is a popular statistical discipline providing data relevant to publication patterns and trends in a certain academic field. There are no scientometric analyses of publications produced in military medicine literature. The present study aims to perform a holistic analysis of military medicine literature.MethodsAll data of this study were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection. All indexed documents between 1978 and 2017 were included. Countries, authors, institutions, citations and keywords relevant to the military medicine literature were comprehensively analysed. An infomap revealing global productivity and infographics of scientometric networks were generated.ResultsA total of 48 240 published items were found, 82.29% of which were original articles. USA, covering 56.66% of all literature dominated the military medicine field followed by the UK, China, Canada and Israel. We found that 18 of 20 most productive institutions in the world were from USA and the US Department of Defense was the most contributing institution in the literature with 9664 documents. The most used keywords over a 40-year period were ‘military’, ‘veterans’, ‘posttraumatic stress disorder’ and ‘military personnel’. A scientometric network of keywords showed a complicated ‘starburst pattern’.ConclusionAll most contributing countries except Turkey, China and Israel were developed nations. Only one institution (Tel Aviv University) from developing countries was noted in the list of 20 most productive institutions. The researchers from developing and the least developed countries should be encouraged and supported to carry out novel studies on military medicine.

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