P.080 Effects of REM sleep in anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis with extreme delta brush pattern

Background: Seizures are rare in REM sleep. To our knowledge, the effects of different sleep stages in anti-NMDA encephalitis have not been studied. Methods: Case report. Results: 32 year-old healthy female presented with acute fluctuating level of consciousness with episodic impulsivity, disorientation, and emotional outbursts following 3 days of headache. Her temperature was 37.8°C and she was started on ceftriaxone, vancomycin, and acyclovir. CSF only showed a total nuclear cell count of 182 and pleocytosis. MRI revealed increased T2 hyperintense right lateral temporal and parietal cortical thickening. EEG revealed right frontotemporal seizures with left sided rhythmic jerking, and an extreme delta brush pattern. Interestingly, seizures and extreme delta brush disappeared in REM sleep. After HSV PCR was negative, she was immunosuppressed with corticosteroids, IVIG, rituximab, and cyclophosphamide, given the extreme delta brush pattern. Repeat CSF analysis eventually yielded highly positive anti-NMDA antibodies. Ten weeks later, she became seizure free. Conclusions: For the first time, we report REM sleep in a case of anti-NMDA encephalitis during which there was absence of extreme delta brush and ictal EEG patterns. This observation may provide insight into the ongoing debate over whether extreme delta brush is an ictal EEG pattern.

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Opponent neurochemical and functional processing in NREM and REM sleep in visual learning

10.1101/738666 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Masako Tamaki ◽

Zhiyan Wang ◽

Tyler Barnes-Diana ◽

Aaron V. Berard ◽

Edward Walsh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rem Sleep ◽

Visual Learning ◽

Nrem Sleep ◽

Visual Task ◽

Sleep Stages ◽

Learning Facilitation ◽

Visual Areas ◽

Specific Manner ◽

Performance Gains ◽

First Time

AbstractSleep is beneficial for learning. However, whether NREM or REM sleep facilitates learning, whether the learning facilitation results from plasticity increases or stabilization and whether the facilitation results from learning-specific processing are all controversial. Here, after training on a visual task we measured the excitatory and inhibitory neurochemical (E/I) balance, an index of plasticity in human visual areas, for the first time, while subjects slept. Off-line performance gains of presleep learning were associated with the E/I balance increase during NREM sleep, which also occurred without presleep training. In contrast, increased stabilization was associated with decreased E/I balance during REM sleep only after presleep training. These indicate that the above-mentioned issues are not matters of controversy but reflect opposite neurochemical processing for different roles in learning during different sleep stages: NREM sleep increases plasticity leading to performance gains independently of learning, while REM sleep decreases plasticity to stabilize learning in a learning-specific manner.

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Aleksey Peshkov as an editor of Samarskaya Gazeta

Voprosy literatury ◽

10.31425/0042-8795-2020-4-128-138 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 128-138

Author(s):

A. S. Bik-Bulatov

Keyword(s):

Local History ◽

Organizational Skills ◽

First Time ◽

New Evidence ◽

Insight Into ◽

Shed Light

The article uses little known letters of M. Gorky, many of which were published for the first time in 1997, as well as findings of Samara-based experts in local history to shed light on the writer’s work as editor-in-chief of the Samarskaya Gazeta newspaper in 1895. The researcher introduces hitherto unstudied reminiscences of the journalist D. Linyov (Dalin) about this period, which reference a letter by Gorky, now lost. The paper details a newly discovered episode of Gorky’s professional biography as a journalist: it concerns his campaign against a Samara ‘she-wolf,’ the madam of a local brothel A. Neucheva. Linyov’s reminiscences turn out to be an important and interesting source, offering an insight into the daily grind of the young editor Gorky, providing new evidence of his excellent organizational skills, and describing his moral and social stance. The author presents his work in the context of a recently initiated broader discussion about the need to map out all Russian periodicals for the period until 1917, as well as all research devoted to individual publications.

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Comparative Study of Chemical Compositions and Antioxidant Capacities of Oils Obtained from 15 Macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) Cultivars in China

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10051031 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 1031

Author(s):

Xixiang Shuai ◽

Taotao Dai ◽

Mingshun Chen ◽

Ruihong Liang ◽

Liqing Du ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Palmitoleic Acid ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Macadamia Integrifolia ◽

Antioxidant Capacities ◽

Squalene Content ◽

First Time ◽

Insight Into

The planting area of macadamia in China accounted for more than one third of the world’s planted area. The lipid compositions, minor components, and antioxidant capacities of fifteen varieties of macadamia oil (MO) in China were comparatively investigated. All varieties of MO were rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, mainly including oleic acid (61.74–66.47%) and palmitoleic acid (13.22–17.63%). The main triacylglycerols of MO were first time reported, including 19.2–26.1% of triolein, 16.4–18.2% of 1-palmitoyl-2,3-dioleoyl-glycerol, and 11.9–13.7% of 1-palmitoleoyl-2-oleoyl-3-stearoyl-glycerol, etc. The polyphenol, α-tocotrienol and squalene content varied among the cultivars, while Fuji (791) contained the highest polyphenols and squalene content. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated the polyphenols and squalene content positively correlated with the antioxidant capacity. This study can provide a crucial directive for the breeding of macadamia and offer an insight into industrial application of MO in China.

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ASKAP observations of multiple rapid scintillators reveal a degrees-long plasma filament

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ◽

10.1093/mnras/stab139 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 502 (3) ◽

pp. 3294-3311

Author(s):

Yuanming Wang ◽

Artem Tuntsov ◽

Tara Murphy ◽

Emil Lenc ◽

Mark Walker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Angular Width ◽

Scattering Medium ◽

Central Frequency ◽

Linear Arrangement ◽

Plasma Filament ◽

Kinematic Models ◽

Tidal Stream ◽

First Time ◽

Insight Into

ABSTRACT We present the results from an Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder search for radio variables on timescales of hours. We conducted an untargeted search over a 30 deg2 field, with multiple 10-h observations separated by days to months, at a central frequency of 945 MHz. We discovered six rapid scintillators from 15-min model-subtracted images with sensitivity of $\sim\! 200\, \mu$Jy/beam; two of them are extreme intra-hour variables with modulation indices up to $\sim 40{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ and timescales as short as tens of minutes. Five of the variables are in a linear arrangement on the sky with angular width ∼1 arcmin and length ∼2 degrees, revealing the existence of a huge plasma filament in front of them. We derived kinematic models of this plasma from the annual modulation of the scintillation rate of our sources, and we estimated its likely physical properties: a distance of ∼4 pc and length of ∼0.1 pc. The characteristics we observe for the scattering screen are incompatible with published suggestions for the origin of intra-hour variability leading us to propose a new picture in which the underlying phenomenon is a cold tidal stream. This is the first time that multiple scintillators have been detected behind the same plasma screen, giving direct insight into the geometry of the scattering medium responsible for enhanced scintillation.

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Rapid systemic surge of IL-33 after severe human trauma: a prospective observational study

Molecular Medicine ◽

10.1186/s10020-021-00288-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Olav Sundnes ◽

William Ottestad ◽

Camilla Schjalm ◽

Peter Lundbäck ◽

Lars la Cour Poulsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Prospective Observational Study ◽

Tissue Injury ◽

Trauma Patients ◽

Decoy Receptor ◽

Interleukin 33 ◽

Injured Patients ◽

First Time ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Insight Into

Abstract Background Alarmins are considered proximal mediators of the immune response after tissue injury. Understanding their biology could pave the way for development of new therapeutic targets and biomarkers in human disease, including multiple trauma. In this study we explored high-resolution concentration kinetics of the alarmin interleukin-33 (IL-33) early after human trauma. Methods Plasma samples were serially collected from 136 trauma patients immediately after hospital admission, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h thereafter, and every morning in the ICU. Levels of IL-33 and its decoy receptor sST2 were measured by immunoassays. Results We observed a rapid and transient surge of IL-33 in a subset of critically injured patients. These patients had more widespread tissue injuries and a greater degree of early coagulopathy. IL-33 half-life (t1/2) was 1.4 h (95% CI 1.2–1.6). sST2 displayed a distinctly different pattern with low initial levels but massive increase at later time points. Conclusions We describe for the first time early high-resolution IL-33 concentration kinetics in individual patients after trauma and correlate systemic IL-33 release to clinical data. These findings provide insight into a potentially important axis of danger signaling in humans.

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Insight into the Secondary Metabolites of Geum urbanum L. and Geum rivale L. Seeds (Rosaceae)

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10061219 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1219

Author(s):

Marek Bunse ◽

Peter Lorenz ◽

Florian C. Stintzing ◽

Dietmar R. Kammerer

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Asiatic Acid ◽

Cosmetic Products ◽

Nutritional Properties ◽

First Time ◽

Derivatives Of ◽

Geum Urbanum ◽

Insight Into

The present study aimed at the identification and quantitation of phenolic compounds, fatty acids, and further characteristic substances in the seeds of Geum urbanum L. and Geum rivale L. For this purpose, individual components of extracts recovered with MeOH, CH2Cl2, and by cold-pressing, respectively, were characterized by HPLC-DAD/ESI-MSn and GC/MS and compared with reference compounds. For both Geum species, phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids and gallic acid derivatives, and triterpenes, such as saponins and their aglycones, were detected. Surprisingly, both Geum species revealed the presence of derivatives of the triterpenoid aglycons asiatic acid and madecassic acid, which were characterized for the first time in the genus Geum. Furthermore, the fatty acids of both species were characterized by GC–MS after derivatization. Both species showed a promising fatty-acid profile in terms of nutritional properties because of high proportions of unsaturated fatty acids. Linoleic acid and linolenic acid were most abundant, among other compounds such as palmitic acid and stearic acid. In summary, the present study demonstrates the seeds of G. urbanum and G. rivale to be a valuable source of unsaturated fatty acids and bioactive phenolics, which might be exploited for nutritional and cosmetic products and for phytotherapeutic purposes.

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The carmine dilemma: does the natural colourant preference outweigh nausea?

British Food Journal ◽

10.1108/bfj-12-2017-0671 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 120 (8) ◽

pp. 1915-1928

Author(s):

Judith Müller-Maatsch ◽

Johannes Jasny ◽

Katharina Henn ◽

Claudia Gras ◽

Reinhold Carle

Keyword(s):

Design Methodology ◽

Consumer Perception ◽

Natural Food ◽

German Population ◽

Misleading Information ◽

Content Type ◽

Broad Cross Section ◽

First Time ◽

Self Administered Questionnaire ◽

Insight Into

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide insight into the consumers’ perception of natural and artificial food colourants. Furthermore, attitudes towards the application of carmine, being technically important and ubiquitously used to impart red shades, are assessed and analysed. Originating from insects, carmine is considered as natural but may arouse disgust. Design/methodology/approach In total, 625 individuals were surveyed using an online, self-administered questionnaire to represent a broad cross-section of the German population. Findings Independent of their origin, the application of colourants was rejected by 57.0 per cent of the interviewees. In total, 31.8 per cent of the participants stated a neutral attitude, while only 11.2 per cent expressed a positive notion. Most respondents preferred colourants from natural sources to artificial ones. While consumers perceive natural food colourants composed of genuine plant pigments positively, 61.6 per cent of respondents disliked the application of animal-derived colourants, 24.8 per cent of them did neither reject nor like it, and only 13.6 per cent of the interviewees stated a positive attitude towards them. The findings of this paper further indicate consumers’ preference for colourants to be either artificial or plant-derived rather than carmine. Food colourants are being rejected, possibly due to misleading information and confusing labelling. Consequently, information about carmine, including its origin and production, did not increase the aversion to products that are dyed with it, but increased their acceptance. Originality/value This study outlines consumer perception and attitudes towards food colourants. For the first time, the findings of this paper report the effect of revealing information about an additive, which initially aroused disgust, and its influence on consumer perception.

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Direct measurement of Coulomb-laser coupling

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-79805-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Doron Azoury ◽

Michael Krüger ◽

Barry D. Bruner ◽

Olga Smirnova ◽

Nirit Dudovich

Keyword(s):

Coulomb Interaction ◽

Time Domain ◽

Coulomb Potential ◽

Laser Field ◽

Large Range ◽

Extreme Ultraviolet ◽

Strong Field ◽

The Time Domain ◽

First Time ◽

Insight Into

AbstractThe Coulomb interaction between a photoelectron and its parent ion plays an important role in a large range of light-matter interactions. In this paper we obtain a direct insight into the Coulomb interaction and resolve, for the first time, the phase accumulated by the laser-driven electron as it interacts with the Coulomb potential. Applying extreme-ultraviolet interferometry enables us to resolve this phase with attosecond precision over a large energy range. Our findings identify a strong laser-Coulomb coupling, going beyond the standard recollision picture within the strong-field framework. Transformation of the results to the time domain reveals Coulomb-induced delays of the electrons along their trajectories, which vary by tens of attoseconds with the laser field intensity.

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Jan II van Coninxloo en zijn werkzaamheden voor het benedictinessenklooster van Groot-Bijgaarden bij Brussel

Oud Holland - Quarterly for Dutch Art History ◽

10.1163/187501798x00293 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 112 (2-3) ◽

pp. 104-126

Author(s):

Frank Van Der Ploeg

Keyword(s):

Significant Part ◽

The Veil ◽

First Time ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Church ◽

Insight Into

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between the Brussels painter Jan 11 van Coninxloo (ca. 1489-1561 or later) and the Benedictine convent of Groot-Bijgaarden. In earlier publications by J. Maquet-Tombu the link between certain members of the Van Coninxloo family and the Vorst convent have already been pointed out. A new chapter can now be added. In the archive of Groot-Bijgaarden convent are two books in which payments made by the prioresses Françoise and Catherine van Straten for the dccoration of the convent and the church are recorded. The books list a separate item for painting and polychrome work. Here, for the first time, the name Jan van Coninxloo crops up in connection with a sum paid for painting the side panels of the main altar. Van Coninxloo was also paid for painting organ doors, a vaulted ceiling and for 'rough painting'. Four triptychs by Van Coninxloo have also been preserved; they were commissions from women of noble birth who had taken the veil. The names of three of these nuns are known: Anthonine de Locquenghien, Berbel van dcr Noot and Marie Brant. The fourth was called Barbara (Berbel). In view of all this material it may be concluded that Van Coninxloo played a significant part in the decorative appearance of the convent church. He was responsible for triptychs on altars dedicated to St. Anne, St. John and St. Benedict. He also painted the smaller triptych with the Seven Sorrows of the Virgin, the panels of the high altar, doors for an organ and (part of) the ceiling decorations. The article offers a new insight into the context of a group of paintings and adds a number of works to Jan 11 van Coninxloo's oeuvre.

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Profaning the Sacred: The Unorthodox Financial Activities of Catholic Clerics During the Napoleonic Period, 1796–1814

European History Quarterly ◽

10.1177/02656914211051612 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 523-542

Author(s):

Christopher Korten

Keyword(s):

Precious Metals ◽

Religious Communities ◽

Critical Periods ◽

For Profit ◽

Sacred And Profane ◽

The Rich ◽

The Times ◽

First Time ◽

Insight Into

This article reveals for the first time how Catholic clerics survived financially during the Napoleonic period in Italy (1796–1814). Despite the very rich, 200-year historiography on one of the Church's most critical periods, there is almost nothing on how religious clerics coped at this time. Their institutions had been despoiled by the French, often in collaboration with locals, negating traditional forms of clerical income, such as alms or rental income from non-ecclesiastical properties. This caused clerics to search out unorthodox – at times, non-canonical – ways of eking out a living, either for themselves, their religious communities or both, as such distinctions were often blurred. Masses were monetized and traded; ecclesiastical paraphernalia composed of precious metals were smelted and commodified, and relics were sold for profit. The uncovering of these controversial acts by men who in normal times were upstanding reveals the desperation of the times and provides insight into the rich discussion on determining the degrees of separation (and overlap) between the sacred and profane.

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