scholarly journals 2187

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. 25-25
Author(s):  
Marissa Valentine-King ◽  
Mary B. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Resistant Isolate ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
First Time ◽  
Ureaplasma Spp

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) serve as one of the most common infections affecting women. With rising reports of antibiotic resistance (ABR), which can prolong illness and limit treatment options, the Infectious Disease Society of America recommends using local resistance patterns to shape empirical treatment selection. Although no studies have evaluated ABR in Ureaplasma spp. urinary isolates in college-aged women, regional studies in the Southeast United States have found levels of tetracycline resistance in over 30% of Ureaplasma spp. clinical isolates. Thus, this study aims to determine the antibiogram for 73 Ureaplasma spp. and 10 Mycoplasma hominis isolates collected from women with first-time UTI against a panel of 9 antibiotics, and assess resistant isolates for genetic mechanisms associated with resistance. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This study used archival samples and data collected from college-aged women with first-time UTI recruited to participate in a prospective cohort study conducted at a student healthcare facility from 2001 to 2006 in Florida. Ureaplasma spp. and M. hominis isolates cultured from urine samples collected at the initial clinical presentation and for any recurrent UTI were evaluated for susceptibility to a panel of 9 antibiotics (8 for M. hominis) using validated microbroth and agar dilution methods, respectively. Ureaplasma spp. isolates were tested against azithromycin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, erythromycin, doxycycline, gentamicin, levofloxacin, and tetracycline. M. hominis isolates underwent the same testing, with the addition of linezolid and exclusion of azithromycin and erythromycin, as M. hominis is intrinsically resistance to 14 and 15-membered macrolides and azilides. PCR and Sanger sequencing were employed to identify molecular mechanisms associated with resistance. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Of the 73 Ureaplasma spp. isolates, 1 isolate was resistant to levofloxacin (MIC: 4 µg/mL) and 1 to tetracycline (MIC: 8 µg/mL). All M. hominis isolates were sensitive. For the Ureaplasma spp. isolates, MIC90s were highest against gentamicin (32 µg/mL) and lowest against doxycycline (0.25 µg/mL). PCR amplification identified tetM present in the tetracycline resistant isolate, an established gene associated with tetracycline resistance in Ureaplasma spp. A S83W mutation within the quinolone-resistance-determining region (QRDR) of parC was detected in the levofloxacin resistant isolate. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Overall, antibiotic resistance in this population of college-aged women with first-time UTI was low. A previous study detected a novel S83W substitution in a perinatal Ureaplasma spp. isolate from Japan, and provided in silico evidence that a S83W change would prevent levofloxacin from binding to its target. However, that study was unable to cultivate the isolate. Our study has provided the corresponding phenotypic evidence that a S83W substitution results in quinolone resistance in Ureaplasma spp.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Resistance in Ureaplasma Species and Mycoplasma hominis Isolates from Urine Cultures in College-Aged Females

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marissa A. Valentine-King ◽  
Mary B. Brown
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Resistant Isolate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT Urinary tract infections (UTIs) affect nearly 20% of women age 15 to 29 and account for an estimated $3.5 billion in costs. Antibiotic resistance prolongs UTI treatment, and resistance profiles vary regionally. This regional variation is an important consideration in guiding empirical treatment selection. Regional studies in the United States have identified tetracycline resistance in over one-third of Ureaplasma species isolates, but no studies have evaluated antibiotic resistance levels in college-aged women with a first-time UTI. We tested a panel of antibiotics and determined the MICs of Ureaplasma species (60 U. parvum and 13 U. urealyticum) and 10 Mycoplasma hominis isolates obtained from urine from college-aged women with a first-time UTI. Low antibiotic resistance was found in this population of women with a first-time UTI. All M. hominis and U. urealyticum isolates were sensitive. However, two U. parvum isolates were resistant, with one to levofloxacin (MIC, 4 μg/ml) and one to tetracycline (MIC, 8 μg/ml). For the Ureaplasma spp., the MIC90s were highest against gentamicin (21 μg/ml) and lowest against doxycycline (0.25 μg/ml). In a comparison of MIC levels between Ureaplasma spp., U. urealyticum had significantly higher MICs against each antibiotic except doxycycline. For the resistant isolates, the genetic mechanisms of resistance were determined. PCR amplification identified tetM to be present in the tetracycline-resistant isolate and an S83W mutation within the parC gene of the quinolone-resistant isolate. To our knowledge, this study is the first to provide molecular and phenotypic evidence of the S83W parC mutation conferring levofloxacin resistance in U. parvum isolated from a patient in the United States.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance features in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli strains isolated from hospital and community acquired urinary tract infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 2244-2248
Author(s):  
AL SHAIKHLI NAWFAL HAITHAM ◽  
VIOLETA CORINA CRISTEA ◽  
IRINA GHEORGHE ◽  
SAJJAD MOHSIN IRRAYIF ◽  
HAMZAH BASIL MOHAMMED ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance Gene ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Maldi Biotyper ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Automated Methods

A total number of 35 strains (n=23 of K. pneumoniae and n=12 of E.coli) were isolated in May 2017 from patients with UTI, hospitalized in the National Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases Prof. C.C. Iliescu and from community infections (CA) diagnosed in Central Reference Synevo-Medicover Laboratory from Bucharest. The hospital strains were identified by BD Phoenix and the CA ones by mass spectrometry using MALDI Biotyper. The antibiotic susceptibility was determined by agar disk diffusion (CLSI, 2017) and automated methods (BD Phoenix and Vitek II system). For molecular characterization, all strains were analyzed be using PCR amplification. The investigated strains revealed the presence of tetracycline resistance gene, i.e. tet(A) (67% in E. coli and 45% of K. pneumoniae strains), tet(D) (8% of E. coli and 5% of K. pneumoniae strains), carbapenemase genes (blaOXA-48 in 40% of the K. pneumoniae strains); blaTEM (25% of E. coli strains and 10% of K. pneumoniae strains).

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance among Clinical Ureaplasma Isolates Recovered from Neonates in England and Wales between 2007 and 2013

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Beeton ◽  
Victoria J. Chalker ◽  
Lucy C. Jones ◽  
Nicola C. Maxwell ◽  
O. Brad Spiller
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

ABSTRACTUreaplasmaspp. are associated with numerous clinical sequelae with treatment options being limited due to patient and pathogen factors. This report examines the prevalence and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance among clinical strains isolated from 95 neonates, 32 women attending a sexual health clinic, and 3 patients under investigation for immunological disorders, between 2007 and 2013 in England and Wales. MICs were determined by using broth microdilution assays, and a subset of isolates were compared using the broth microdilution method and the Mycoplasma IST2 assay. The underlying molecular mechanisms for resistance were determined for all resistant isolates. Three isolates carried thetet(M) tetracycline resistance gene (2.3%; confidence interval [CI], 0.49 to 6.86%); two isolates were ciprofloxacin resistant (1.5%; CI, 0.07 to 5.79%) but sensitive to levofloxacin and moxifloxacin, while no resistance was seen to any macrolides tested. The MIC values for chloramphenicol were universally low (2 μg/ml), while inherently high-level MIC values for gentamicin were seen (44 to 66 μg/ml). The Mycoplasma IST2 assay identified a number of false positives for ciprofloxacin resistance, as the method does not conform to international testing guidelines. While antibiotic resistance amongUreaplasmaisolates remains low, continued surveillance is essential to monitor trends and threats from importation of resistant clones.

Proteomic Analyses Uncover the Mechanisms Underlying Antibiotic Resistance Differences among Three Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 401-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junrui Wang ◽  
Junli Zhang ◽  
Quan Fu ◽  
Sufang Guo ◽  
La Ta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Functional Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Absolute Quantification ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Resistant Isolate ◽  
Gentamicin Resistance

This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the antibiotic resistance difference among three <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> isolates. Fifty <i>A. baumannii</i> isolates were first subjected to an antimicrobial susceptibility test, then three isolates differing in antibiotic resistance were selected and subjected to iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification)-based proteomics analysis. Differential proteins among the three <i>A. baumannii</i> isolates were further identified and subjected to gene ontology functional enrichment analysis. A resistant isolate (A1), a less resistant one (A8) and a susceptible one (A9) were selected. In total, there were 424 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between the A1 and A8 isolates, 1,992 DEPs between the A9 and A1 isolates, and 1,956 DEPs between the A8 and A9 isolates. The upregulation of I6TUC8 and Q0GA83 in the A1 and A8 isolates may be responsible for their higher resistance to ceftriaxone. The higher gentamicin resistance of <i>A. baumannii</i> isolates A1 and A8 when compared to A9 may be related to the higher expression levels of O05286 and D0CCK1, while the higher Q2FCY1 expression level may contribute more to strong gentamicin resistance in A1. The higher levels of L9LWL7, L9MDB0, K9C9W3, E2IGU7, B6E129, G8HYR7, D2XTB0 and D2XTB0 may be responsible for the higher carbapenem resistance of isolate A1 as compared to A8.

scholarly journals ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE MECHANISMS OF UROGENITAL MYCOPLASMAS

2019 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
E.A. Kolesnikova ◽  
N.F. Brusnigina ◽  
G.I. Grigor’eva
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
High Level ◽  
Ureaplasma Spp

Urogenital mycoplasmas (Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma spp.) currently prevail in the etiology of infections of the urogenital tract and are characterized by a high level of genetic polymorphism responsible for the occurrence of their antibiotic resistance. The review presents the data of domestic and foreign researchers on the resistance mechanisms of mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas to antibiotics and considers the acquisition by mycoplasmas of antibiotic resistance determinants. New knowledge of resistance mechanisms is important theoretical basis for improving measures to limit and prevent the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Expression of the Fluoroquinolones Efflux Pump Genes acrA and mdfA in Urinary Escherichia coli Isolates

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Abdelhamid ◽  
Rania R. Abozahra
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Efflux System ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Tract Infections

Escherichia coli is one of the most frequent causes of urinary tract infections. Efflux system overexpression is reported to contribute to E. coli resistance to several antibiotics. Our aim in this study was to investigate the relation between antibiotic resistance and the expression of the efflux pump genes acrA and mdfA in E. coli by real-time reverse transcription-PCR. We tested the in vitro susceptibilities to 12 antibiotics in 28 clinical isolates of E. coli obtained from urine samples. We also determined the minimum inhibitory concentrations of levofloxacin to these samples. We then revealed significant correlations between the overexpression of both mdfA and acrA and MICs of levofloxacin. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the increased expression of efflux pump genes such as mdfA and acrA can lead to levofloxacin resistance in E. coli. These findings contribute to further understanding of the molecular mechanisms of efflux pump systems and how they contribute to antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Mechanisms for Development of Ciprofloxacin Resistance in a Clinical Isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Congjuan Xu ◽  
Huimin Liu ◽  
Xiaolei Pan ◽  
Zhenzhen Ma ◽  
Dan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Clinical Isolate ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Fourfold Increase ◽  
Ciprofloxacin Resistance ◽  
First Time ◽  
Acquired Antibiotic Resistance

Treatment of infections by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is difficult due to its high intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance. Upon colonization in the human hosts, P. aeruginosa accumulates genetic mutations that confer the bacterium antibiotic resistance and ability to better live in the host environment. Characterizing the evolutionary traits would provide important insights into the development of effective combinatory antibiotic therapies to cure P. aeruginosa infections. In this work, we performed a detailed analysis of the molecular mechanisms by which a clinical isolate (CSP18) yields a ciprofloxacin-resistant derivative (CRP42). Genomic DNA re-sequencing and RNAseq were carried out to compare the genomic mutational signature and transcriptional profiles between the two isolates. The results indicated that D87G mutation in GyrA, together with MexEF-OprN hyper-expression caused by F7S mutation in MexS, was responsible for the increased resistance to ciprofloxacin in the isolate CRP42. Further simulation of CRP42 by gene editing in CSP18 demonstrated that D87G mutation in GyrA rendered CSP18 a fourfold increase in minimum inhibitory concentration against ciprofloxacin, while F7S mutation in MexS conferred an additional eightfold increase. Our experimental results demonstrate for the first time that the clinically relevant F7S point mutation in MexS results in hyper-expression of the mexEF-oprN and thus confers P. aeruginosa resistance to ciprofloxacin.

scholarly journals MYCO WELL D-ONE detection of Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma hominis in sexual health patients in Wales

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 2427-2440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Morris ◽  
Lucy C. Jones ◽  
Rebecca L. Davies ◽  
Kirsty Sands ◽  
Edward Portal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Mycoplasma Hominis ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Sexual Health Clinics ◽  
Resistance Rates

AbstractThe genital mycoplasmas are a unique group of inherently antibiotic-resistant sexually transmitted bacteria, often associated with non-gonococcal urethritis and bacterial vaginosis. The MYCO WELL D-ONE is a culture-based assay that aims to detect these organisms whilst concurrently screening them for antibiotic resistance. Urine and/or swabs from 856 informed and consented participants attending Welsh sexual health clinics were subjected to MYCO WELL D-ONE analysis, alongside qPCR and culture titration methodologies to determine sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy. Resistance was confirmed by CLSI-compliant susceptibility testing and genetic mechanisms determined. The MYCO WELL D-ONE displayed a sensitivity and specificity of 91.98% and 96.44% for the detection of Ureaplasma spp., with sensitivity and specificity values of 78.23% and 98.84% for Mycoplasma hominis, compared with qPCR. Swabs harboured significantly greater bacterial loads than urine samples for both Ureaplasma spp. and M. hominis. Levofloxacin resistance rates, mediated by Ser83Leu mutation in ParC, for Ureaplasma spp. were 0.54%. Tetracycline resistance rates, mediated by tet(M), were 0.54% and 2% for Ureaplasma spp. and M. hominis, respectively; sequence analysis of tet(M)-positive Ureaplasma spp. and M. hominis strains isolated from a single individual confirmed separate resistance gene origins. The MYCO WELL D-ONE is a sensitive and specific assay for the detection of Ureaplasma spp. and M. hominis in genitourinary medicine samples, facilitating the accurate detection of these organisms within low-technology environments. While good for antibiotic resistance screening, accurate confirmation by MIC determination or molecular methods are required, and more optimally performed on urine samples.

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