scholarly journals 2138 Susceptibility to social influence is associated with alcohol self-administration and subjective alcohol effects

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
pp. 47-48
Author(s):  
Alyssa Schneider ◽  
Bethany Stangl ◽  
Elgin R. Yalin ◽  
Jodi M. Gilman ◽  
Vijay Ramchandani
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Subjective Response ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Social Drinkers ◽  
Priming Phase ◽  
Drinking History ◽  
Alcohol Effects

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Peer groups are one of the strongest determinants of alcohol use and misuse. Furthermore, social influence plays a significant role in alcohol use across the lifespan. One of the factors that most consistently predicts successful treatment outcomes for alcohol use disorders is one’s ability to change their social network. However, the concept of social influence as defined by suggestibility or susceptibility to social influence has not yet been studied as it relates to drinking behavior and acute subjective response to alcohol. Our objective was to examine the relationship between suggestibility and alcohol consumption and responses, using an intravenous alcohol self-administration (IV-ASA) paradigm in social drinkers. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Healthy, social drinkers (n=20) completed a human laboratory session in which they underwent the IV-ASA paradigm. This consisted of an initial 25-minute priming phase, where participants were prompted to push a button to receive individually standardized IV alcohol infusions, followed by a 125-minute phase during which they could push the button for additional infusions. IV-ASA measures included the peak and average breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) and number of button presses. Subjective responses were assessed using the Drug Effects Questionnaire (DEQ) and Alcohol Urge Questionnaire (AUQ) collected serially during the session. Participants completed the Multidimensional Iowa Suggestibility Scale (MISS) to assess suggestibility. The Alcohol Effects Questionnaire (AEFQ) was used to assess alcohol expectancies and the Timeline Followback questionnaire measured recent drinking history. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: After controlling for drinking history, greater suggestibility significantly predicted greater average BrAC, greater peak BrAC, and a greater number of button presses (p=0.03, p=0.02, p=0.04, respectively) during the early open bar phase. Suggestibility significantly predicted subjective alcohol effects following the priming phase which included “Feel,” “Want,” “High,” and “Intoxicated” and was trending for “Like” (p=0.02, p=0.03, p=0.01, p=0.03, p=0.054, respectively) as well as AUQ (p=0.03). After controlling for drinking history, suggestibility significantly predicted “Feel,” “Like,” “High,” and “Intoxicated” peak scores during the open bar phase (p=0.03, p=0.009, p=0.03, p=0.03, respectively). There was no association between suggestibility and “Want More” alcohol. Suggestibility was positively associated with three positive expectancies (global positive; p=0.04, social expressiveness; p=0.005, relaxation; p=0.03), and one negative expectancy (cognitive and physical impairment; p=0.02). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: These results indicate that social drinkers that were more suggestible had higher alcohol consumption, greater acute subjective response to alcohol, and more positive alcohol expectancies. As such, susceptibility to social influence may be an important determinant of alcohol consumption, and may provide insight into harmful drinking behavior such as binge drinking. Future analyses should examine the impact of suggestibility on alcohol-related phenotypes across the spectrum of drinking from social to binge and heavy drinking patterns.

scholarly journals 2276

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. 33-34
Author(s):  
Alyssa Schneider ◽  
Bethany L. Stangl ◽  
Elgin R. Yalin ◽  
Jodi M. Gilman ◽  
Vijay Ramchandani
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Impulsive Behavior ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory ◽  
Priming Phase ◽  
Delayed Discounting ◽  
The Relationship

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Impulsivity is a significant predictor of alcohol use and drinking behavior, and has been shown to be a critical trait in those with alcohol use disorder. Suggestibility, or susceptibility to social influence, has been shown to correlate with impulsivity, with highly suggestible individuals being more likely to make impulsive decisions influenced by peer groups. However, the relationship between social influence and drinking behavior is unclear. Our objective was to describe the relationship between social influence and impulsivity traits using the social delayed discounting task and potential differences in intravenous alcohol self-administration (IV-ASA) behavior. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Healthy, non-dependent drinkers (n=20) completed a CAIS session, which consisted of an initial 25-minute priming phase, where subjects were prompted to push a button to receive individually standardized IV alcohol infusions, followed by a 125-minute phase during which they could push the button for additional infusions. IV-ASA measures included the peak (PEAK) and average (AVG) BrAC and Number of Button Presses (NBP). Participants completed a social delayed discounting task (SDDT), where participants were presented with the choice of a small, sooner (SS) reward or a large, later (LL) reward. Before starting the task, participants chose peers who selected either the impulsive (SI) or non-impulsive choice (S). Intermittently, the peers’ choice was not shown (X) or different choices (D) were selected. Participants also completed the MISS, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale, and the NEO personality inventory. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Participants with higher suggestibility scores had greater NBP, AVG, and PEAK BrAC in the early phase of the IV-ASA session. Higher scores on the MISS were also correlated with higher impulsivity scores including the NEO Neuroticism (N-factor) measure, BIS-11, and UPPS-P. Results also showed that the MISS score was inversely correlated with the percent of impulsive choices in the SDDT, but that this was independent of peers’ impulsive or nonimpulsive choices. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: These results indicate that non-dependent drinkers that were more susceptible to social influence had heavier drinking patterns, higher IV-ASA, and higher scores on impulsivity measures. In addition, individuals that were more susceptible to social influence made more impulsive choices in general, but those choices were not affected by peer decisions during the task. As such, susceptibility to social influence may be an important determinant of impulsive choices, particularly in relation to alcohol consumption.

scholarly journals 4293 Relationship between recent drinking history, subjective response to alcohol, and sex in HRV in non-dependent drinkers

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (s1) ◽  
pp. 35-36
Author(s):  
Sachin Sundar ◽  
Bethany L. Stangl ◽  
Reza Momenan ◽  
Vijay A. Ramchandani ◽  
Kristin Corey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
P Value ◽  
Subjective Response ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Cardiac Reactivity ◽  
Drinking History

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Previous research has shown acute and chronic alcohol effects on cardiac function, including elevated heart rate (HR) and lowered heart rate variability (HRV). This study aimed to examine the relationship between cardiac reactivity and subjective response following intravenous (IV) alcohol in non-dependent drinkers. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Non-dependent drinkers (N = 46, average age = 25.2) completed a human laboratory IV alcohol self-administration (IV-ASA) session. Subjective response to alcohol was assessed using the Drug Effects Questionnaire (DEQ) and Alcohol Urge Questionnaire (AUQ). Drinking behavior was assessed using the Alcohol Timeline Followback (TLFB) and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). HR was recorded using the Polar Pro Heart Rate monitor throughout the session. HRV measures were calculated using guidelines determined by the Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and The North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Recent drinking history as measured by the AUDIT and TLFB was not significantly different by sex. Results showed heavier drinking measures (AUDIT and TLFB) were positively associated with HRV measures (all p-values < 0.02). Those who reported a greater increase in alcohol craving (AUQ score) and wanted more alcohol (DEQ) following an alcohol prime, showed a greater change in HRV (p < 0.005). When examining HRV change from baseline throughout the priming session, there was a significant sex interaction for NN50 (p < 0.03) and a trend for PNN50 (p-value < 0.07). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Acute IV alcohol alters cardiac reactivity measures in non-dependent drinkers. Future directions include examining the role of sex in HRV changes during alcohol consumption during IV-ASA. Understanding the effect of alcohol on cardiac reactivity and physiology may help characterize those at risk for alcohol use disorders.

scholarly journals Identity, influence, and intervention: The roles of social media in alcohol use

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Corwin Westgate ◽  
Jason Holliday
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Online Identity ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

Alcohol-related content is common on social media and may both reflect and influence offline drinking behavior. Posting alcohol-related content has been linked to alcohol outcomes, including higher rates of alcohol consumption, cravings, alcohol-related problems, and clinical alcohol use disorders. Exposure to alcohol-related content on social media has likewise been associated with adverse alcohol outcomes. In this paper, we review research on the relationship between social media and alcohol use, and explore the ways that online identity and social influence can account for this relationship. Finally, we call for further research on the use of social media as a platform for prevention and intervention efforts.

scholarly journals Alcohol Use Disorder among Patients Suffered from Road Collisions in a Vietnamese Delta Province

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (13) ◽  
pp. 2423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Minh Vu ◽  
Tung Thanh Tran ◽  
Giang Thu Vu ◽  
Cuong Tat Nguyen ◽  
Chau Minh Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Problematic Drinking ◽  
Current Context ◽  
Educational Campaign ◽  
Causes Of Deaths ◽  
The Relationship

Traffic collisions have continuously been ranked amongst the top causes of deaths in Vietnam. In particular, drinking has been recognized as a major factor amplifying the likelihood of traffic collisions in various settings. This study aims to examine the relationship between alcohol use and traffic collisions in the current context of Vietnam. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 413 traffic collisions patients in six health facilities in the Thai Binh Province to investigate the level of alcohol consumption and identify factors influencing alcohol use among these patients. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) scale was used to determine the problematic drinking behavior of the participants. The percentage of patients having problematic drinking was more than 30%. Being male, having a high household income, and working as farmer/worker were risk factors for alcohol abuse. People causing accidents and patients with a traumatic brain injury had a higher likelihood of drinking alcohol before the accidents. This study highlights the necessity of more stringent laws on reducing drink-driving in Vietnam. In addition, more interventions, especially those utilizing mass media like educational campaign of good behavior on social networks, are necessary to reduce alcohol consumption in targeted populations in order to decrease the prevalence and burden of road injuries.

scholarly journals The Truth About Alcohol and Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
James McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Service Utilization ◽  
Health Service Utilization ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Health It ◽  
Standard Drink ◽  
Individual Health ◽  
Reported Health

The paper discussed here claimed that the old guidelines for safe alcohol consumption should be replaced by much lower ones of about one standard drink per day. However the paper suffers from some statistical problems which lead to misleading results. In addition, by concentrating on mortality and older members of the population it fails to account for important aspects of the effect of alcohol use on individual health. It is shown when the effects of alcohol use on self-reported health and health service utilization are considered what has been traditionally been proposed as safe drinking behavior should continue to be used.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Potential Unintended Consequences of a Nicotine Product Standard: A Focus on Drinking History and Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah S Dermody ◽  
Katelyn M Tessier ◽  
Ellen Meier ◽  
Mustafa al’Absi ◽  
Rachel L Denlinger-Apte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Nicotine Content ◽  
Drinking History ◽  
Product Standard ◽  
Smoking Outcomes

Abstract Background A nicotine product standard reducing the nicotine content in cigarettes could improve public health by reducing smoking. This study evaluated the potential unintended consequences of a reduced-nicotine product standard by examining its effects on (1) smoking behaviors based on drinking history; (2) drinking behavior; and (3) daily associations between smoking and drinking. Methods Adults who smoke daily (n=752) in the United States were randomly assigned to smoke very low nicotine content (VLNC) versus normal nicotine content (NNC; control) cigarettes for 20 weeks. Linear mixed models determined if baseline drinking moderated the effects of VLNC versus NNC cigarettes on Week 20 smoking outcomes. Time-varying effect models estimated the daily association between smoking VLNC cigarettes and drinking outcomes. Results Higher baseline alcohol use (versus no-use or lower use) was associated with a smaller effect of VLNC on Week 20 urinary total nicotine equivalents (ps&lt;.05). No additional moderation was supported (ps&gt;.05). In the subsample who drank (n=415), in the VLNC versus NNC condition, daily alcohol use was significantly reduced from Week 17-20 and odds of binge drinking were significantly reduced from Week 9-17. By Week 7 in the VLNC cigarette condition (n=272), smoking no longer predicted alcohol use but remained associated with binge drinking. Conclusions We did not support negative unintended consequences of a nicotine product standard. Nicotine reduction in cigarettes generally impacted smoking behavior for individuals who do not drink or drink light-to-moderate amounts in similar ways. Extended VLNC cigarette use may improve public health by reducing drinking behavior. Implications There was no evidence that a very low nicotine content product standard would result in unintended consequences based on drinking history or when considering alcohol outcomes. Specifically, we found that a very low nicotine standard in cigarettes generally reduces smoking outcomes for those who do not drink and those who drink light-to-moderate amounts. Furthermore, an added public health benefit of a very low nicotine standard for cigarettes could be a reduction in alcohol use and binge drinking over time. Finally, smoking very low nicotine content cigarettes may result in a decoupling of the daily associations between smoking and drinking.

Acquisitional Processes Underlying Illicit Alcohol Abuse in Underage Children: An Observational Learning Model

1979 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 735-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Observational Learning ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Weekly Alcohol Consumption

This study examined 25 boys and 35 girls in an elementary school and found illicit alcohol use occurred in 1 out of 5. Moreover, the frequency of weekly alcohol consumption among both the students' families and friends, as observed by the student, reliably predicted alcohol consumption rates by male students but not females. The obtained pattern of results is discussed in terms of an observational learning model of youths' drinking behavior, and implications of the findings are given.

scholarly journals Effects of varenicline on alcohol self-administration and craving in drinkers with depressive symptoms

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 906-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Roberts ◽  
Terril L Verplaetse ◽  
Kelly Moore ◽  
Lindsay Oberleitner ◽  
Marina R Picciotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Alcohol Craving ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Alcohol Users

Varenicline (VAR) is approved to aid in smoking cessation and has been shown to be effective for reducing alcohol consumption in heavy drinkers. Little is known, however, about treatment moderators that may influence efficacy. The current study reanalyzed data from a human laboratory study (Verplaetse et al., 2016) to determine whether VAR was more effective at reducing alcohol use among drinkers reporting symptoms of depression. Participants were 60 adults meeting DSM-IV criteria for alcohol use disorders ( n = 60) who were randomly assigned to receive VAR (1 mg/day, 2 mg/day) or placebo. Following 7 days of medication pretreatment, participants attended a laboratory testing session. They provided self-reported ratings of alcohol craving and performed an ad libitum alcohol consumption task after receiving a priming dose of alcohol (target blood alcohol concentration = 0.030 g/dL). Higher blood VAR plasma levels were associated with less alcohol craving and less drinking among participants with more depressive symptoms. Among participants with fewer depressive symptoms, VAR was associated with more drinking during the ad libitum drinking task. These findings show that depression symptoms may be a moderator of VAR efficacy in alcohol users and provides evidence for the role of nAChRs in depression and alcohol use.

scholarly journals Does Alcohol Catch the Eye? Investigating Young Adults’ Attention to Alcohol Consumption

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 147470491773020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eveline Vincke ◽  
Patrick Vyncke
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Functional Behavior ◽  
Better Than

Many studies on young adults’ motivations for drinking overlook the symbolic aspects of alcohol use. However, research indicates that young adults’ alcohol consumption is also driven by signaling motivations. Although the interest of a receiver is a necessary prerequisite of a signal, no previous studies have verified whether drinking behavior indeed attracts young adults’ attention. Therefore, we conducted two studies. A two-part eye-tracking study ( N1 = 135, N2 = 140) showed that both young men and young women pay special visual attention to male and female drinking behavior. Additionally, a recall experiment ( N = 321) confirmed that observed male and female drinking is better remembered than observed nonsignaling, functional behavior. Moreover, alcoholic beverages also receive special attention, as they were recalled better than other functional products, and also nonalcoholic drinks similar in color and shape. In summary, the experiments clearly showed that male and female drinking behavior can be used as a signal, as both behaviors clearly function as an attention-attracting cue. Additionally, as alcoholic beverages draw more attention than nonalcoholic drinks, this attention is clearly linked to the alcohol element of the drinking behavior.

scholarly journals Leveraging genetic data to investigate molecular targets and drug repurposing candidates for treating alcohol use disorder and hepatotoxicity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua C. Gray ◽  
Mikela Murphy ◽  
Lorenzo Leggio
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Protein Interaction Data ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Risk Genes

AbstractBackgroundNovel treatments for alcohol use disorder (AUD) and alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) are greatly needed. Genetic information can improve drug discovery rates by facilitating the identification of novel biological targets and potential drugs for repurposing.MethodsThe present study utilized a recently developed Bayesian approach, Integrative Risk Gene Selector (iRIGS), to identify additional risk genes for alcohol consumption using SNPs from the largest alcohol consumption GWAS to date (N = 941,280). iRIGS incorporates several genomic features and closeness of these genes in network space to compute a posterior probability for protein coding genes near each SNP. We subsequently used the Target Central Resource Database to search for drug-protein interactions for these newly identified genes and previously identified risk genes for alcohol consumption.ResultsWe identified several genes that are novel contributions to the previously published alcohol consumption GWAS. Namely, ACVR2A, which is critical for liver function and linked to anxiety and cocaine self-administration, and PRKCE, which has been linked to alcohol self-administration. Notably, only a minority of the SNPs (18.4%) were linked to genes with confidence (≥.75), underscoring the need to apply multiple methods to assign function to loci. Finally, several previously identified risk genes for alcohol consumption code for proteins that are implicated in liver function and are targeted by drugs that are promising candidates for managing hepatotoxicity (e.g., metformin).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the value of incorporating regulatory information and drug-protein interaction data to highlight additional molecular targets and drug repurposing candidates for treating AUD and ALD.

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