scholarly journals 4022 Recruiting hidden and sensitive populations: methods for recruitment of pregnant women who regularly use cannabinoids

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (s1) ◽  
pp. 35-35
Author(s):  
Stefanie Kennon-McGill ◽  
Lindsey Sward ◽  
Clare Nesmith ◽  
Laura P James
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Translational Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Recruitment Methods ◽  
Hidden Population ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Clinical And Translational Research

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Prenatal cannabinoid use is increasing and more studies are needed to describe the neurodevelopmental impact on the fetus. However, pregnant cannabinoid users are a “hidden population,” which makes identification of these individuals for research difficult. Our study will employ three methods of recruitment and evaluate the success of each method. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We will recruit a total of 40 women in the third trimester of pregnancy who regularly use cannabinoid products thought to contain tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and/or cannabidiol (CBD) throughout their pregnancies, and 20 control pregnant women who do not use those products. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of prenatal cannabinoid use on the neurodevelopment of their offspring over the first year of life. We will employ three recruitment methods. First, targeted recruitment will occur in two university-based obstetrical clinics, where the obstetrician will present the study material and contact information. Second, we will utilize social media advertisements targeted to a specific demographic of Facebook users. Finally, we will employ the traditional method of distributing flyers in a non-targeted manner. We will track methods of recruitment success and gather information from the mothers on their preferences for recruitment approaches. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Recruitment will start in January 2020 and continue for several months. We anticipate that the targeted method will yield the highest number of participants, and participants with the best fit for the inclusion criteria. However, it is possible that those women will be deterred by fear of having their drug use status revealed to their care providers, even though all research activity will occur independently from clinic visits and will not be transmitted to the electronic health record. The inclusion of a control group will also help foster “anonymity” for participants. The social media method has the potential for the greatest reach, but we expect many of these potential participants will fail to meet inclusion/exclusion criteria, as this is not as targeted as the first method. We anticipate a similar issue with the flyer-based approach. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Optimizing recruitment of hidden and sensitive populations is crucial for clinical and translational research. Our goal is to identify strategies that can lead to best practices for engagement of those populations. Our conclusions could be applied in recruitment of sensitive populations for other clinical and translational research projects.

scholarly journals The Food, Feelings, and Family Study: comparison of the efficacy of traditional methods, social media, and broadcast email to recruit pregnant women to an observational, longitudinal nutrition study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Smith ◽  
Crystal Alvarez ◽  
Sylvia Crixell ◽  
Michelle A. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Family Study ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Recruitment Method ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Recruitment Methods ◽  
Health Care Intervention ◽  
Time Investment

Abstract Background It is well known that recruitment is a challenging aspect of any study involving human subjects. This challenge is exacerbated when the population sought is reticent to participate in research as is the case with pregnant women and individuals with depression. This paper compares recruitment methods used for the Food, Feelings, and Family Study, an observational, longitudinal pilot study concerning how diet and bisphenol A exposure affect maternal mood and cognitive function during and after pregnancy. Methods Pregnant women were recruited to this study over a period of 15 months using traditional methods, social media including paid and unpaid posts, and emails broadcast to the university community. Contingency analysis using the Pearson’s Chi-square test was used to determine if recruitment method was associated with likelihood of participation. T-tests were used to analyze Facebook advertisement success. ANOVAs and Fisher exact tests were used to determine if recruitment method was related to continuous and categorical demographics, respectively. Results Social media resulted in the largest number of recruits, followed by traditional methods and broadcast email. Women recruited through social media were less likely to participate. In contrast, use of broadcast email resulted in a smaller pool of recruits but these recruits were more likely to be eligible for and complete the study. Most women recruited via social media were the result of unpaid posts to the study’s Facebook page. Paid posts lasting at least 4 days were the most successful. Recruitment method was not associated with participant demographics. Conclusions Social media has the potential to recruit a large pool of potential subjects; however, when studies require a large time investment such as the case here, women recruited through social media are less likely to participate and complete the study than women recruited through other means. Trial registration N/A. This study does not describe a health care intervention.

scholarly journals The Impact of Preventive Interventions on Intimate Partner Violence among Pregnant Women Resident in Hamadan City Slum Areas Using the PEN-3 Model: Control Randomized Trial Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 438-444
Author(s):  
Khadije Ezzati Rastegar ◽  
Babak Moeini ◽  
Forouzan Rezapur-Shahkolai ◽  
Asadollah Naghdi ◽  
Manoochehr Karami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Model Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Slum Areas

Background: Intimate partner violence is a severe life-threatening criminal and public health problem affecting the well-being of individuals, families, and society. Planning interventions to reduce the burden of this persistent and criminal violence should be relevant culturally and socially.Methods: In this randomized control trial, 150 pregnant women residing in slum areas of Hamadan were randomly assigned to two groups (intervention group: n=50 and control group: n=100). Interventional strategies included educating the victims based on local cultural norms, culturally sensitive individual and group counseling, and educating health care providers. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews at baseline and again at 3 months after the intervention. We used a paired t-test to evaluate the effect of the intervention by comparing changes in the outcomes measured.Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups at baseline in terms of sociodemographic characteristics. Post-test scores of knowledge (7.50±2.65 vs. 5.14±3.51, P=0.001), communication skills (18.38±4.25 vs. 16.2±3.83, P=0.04), and family support and social expectation of obedience (15.79±4.45 vs. 13.40±4.57, P=0.005) of the victims were statistically significantly higher in the experimental group compared to the control group. Moreover, physical (0.74±2.28 vs. 1.20±2.60, P=0.06), psychological (2.80±4.10 vs. 4.52±5.43, P=0.06), and sexual (0.11±0.58 vs. 0.61±1.22, P=0.04) violence reduced in the experimental group compared to the control group.Conclusion: Culturally relevant interventions can reduce intimate partner violence.

scholarly journals Study protocol of the PIMPI-project, a cohort study on acceptance, tolerability and immunogenicity of second trimester maternal pertussis immunization in relation to term and preterm infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten M. Immink ◽  
Mireille N. Bekker ◽  
Hester E. de Melker ◽  
Nynke Y. Rots ◽  
Elisabeth A. M. Sanders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Search Query ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Term Infants

Abstract Background Maternal immunization confers passive immunity to the fetus by transplacental antibody transfer. Infants may be better protected against pertussis if the mother received a diphtheriae, tetanus and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccination in the second trimester of pregnancy compared to the third trimester. This study evaluates IgG antibody concentrations in term and preterm infants at birth and 2 months after birth after maternal Tdap-vaccination between 200 and 240 w of gestation vs third trimester Tdap-vaccination. Further aims are assessing the determinants that underlie acceptance of second trimester maternal Tdap-vaccination as well as the tolerability of vaccination. Methods This prospective cohort study consists of two parts. In the acceptance part, pregnant women complete a questionnaire on determinants that underlie acceptance of a second trimester Tdap-vaccination, which is offered subsequently between 200 and 240 w of gestation. Vaccinated women complete an additional questionnaire on vaccination tolerability. Vaccinated women may also participate in the immunogenicity part, in which blood is drawn from mother at delivery and from infant at birth and 2 months after birth. Women are also eligible for the immunogenicity part if they received a Tdap-vaccination between 200 and 240 w of gestation via the national immunization program and get hospitalized for an imminent preterm delivery. Blood sampling continues until 60 term and 60 preterm mother-infant-pairs have been included. Pertussis-specific IgG antibody concentrations are determined in serum using a fluorescent bead-based multiplex immunoassay. For term infants, non-inferiority in IgG antibody concentrations against pertussis toxin (anti-PT) will be assessed referred to a historical control group in which mothers were Tdap-vaccinated between 300 and 320 w of gestation. For preterm infants, non-inferiority of anti-PT IgG concentrations is referred to as 85% of infants having ≥ 20 international units/mL at 2 months after birth. Discussion This study investigates acceptance, tolerability and immunogenicity regarding maternal Tdap-immunization between 200 and 240 w of gestation. Its results provide insight into the effects of second trimester Tdap-vaccination on IgG antibody concentrations in term and preterm infants before primary infant vaccinations. Results on acceptance and tolerability guide antenatal care providers in communication with pregnant women and maintain the safety of second trimester Tdap-vaccination. Trial registration: EU Clinical Trials Register, 2018-002976-41, retrospectively registered 24 July 2019, https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search?query=2018-002976-41.

scholarly journals Adapting Recruitment of College Students for the Snackability Trial During COVID-19 in the U.S.

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 203-203
Author(s):  
Jafar Ali Ajaj Jaafar ◽  
Lukkamol Prapkree ◽  
Rianna Uddin ◽  
Gabriel Corea ◽  
Niliarys Sifre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Control Group ◽  
University Staff ◽  
Recruitment Methods ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Florida International University

Abstract Objectives With COVID-19 pandemic, the recruitment of participants for research had to adapt to new formats. The objective of this analysis was to describe the different recruitment methods of college students for the Snackability Trial during COVID-19. We also examined the reasons for exclusion in the study. The Snackability Trial is a randomized controlled trial to test the Snackability mobile app designed and developed at FIU to help students identify healthy snacks by providing a score from 0–11 (the higher the score, the healthier the snack) based on the USDA snack guidelines. Methods This is a review of the online screening and baseline surveys completed by students using Qualtrics between June 2020 and January 2021 for the Snackability Trial. Students aged 18–24 y, from non-nutrition majors, overweight, owner of a smartphone, and willing to be randomized in either the intervention or control group for 3 months were recruited through emails sent by professors and university staff, social media ads, on-campus flyers, and others. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the frequency of each recruitment method and reasons for exclusion. Results Out of 768 participants that initiated the screening questionnaire, 629 (82%) were 18–24y. Out 629, 569 (92%) were from non-nutrition majors. Out of 569, 328 (58%) provided data to calculate BMI and qualified. Out of 328, 309 (94%) had a smartphone. Out of 309, 294 (98%) were willing to be randomized and 280 (95%) were willing to participate for 3 months. Out of 280, only 154 (55%) completed the consent form and the baseline survey. Those that enrolled were mostly female (85%). When asked about “how did you hear about the study”, 81.8% reported that a professor or staff from the university sent them the study flyer by email, 9.5% heard from social media, including Instagram, 5.8% heard from other students or friends, and 2.9% learned about the study through flyers posted on campus. After examining the data from Instagram paid ads, a total of 3 posts were promoted with a budget of $65 reaching a total of 8,536 individuals with only 8 promotion clicks. Conclusions Amid the transition into a fully virtual recruiting format during the pandemic, the most effective recruiting method in this study was sending emails to students through their professors and university staff with the study flyer. Funding Sources Florida International University (FIU)

Decompensation placental dysfunction: diagnostics and delivery tactics

2017 ◽  
pp. 66-68
Author(s):  
V.I. Boyko ◽  
◽  
S.A. Tkachenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Placental Dysfunction ◽  
Perinatal Pathology ◽  
Delivery Times ◽  
Case Rate ◽  
Major Factors

The objective: depression of frequency of perinatal pathology at women with decompensation form of placental dysfunction by improvement of the main diagnostic and treatment-and-prophylactic actions. Patients and methods. 154 pregnant women in gestation term from 22 to 40 weeks were surveyed. Depending on features of course of pregnancy and families of all surveyed it was divided into 4 groups. The group of the retrospective analysis was made by 45 pregnant women with decompensation placental dysfuction, the group of prospective research included 109 pregnant women of whom the main group was made by 38 women with decompensation form of placental dysfunction, the group of comparison included 47 pregnant women with the compensated form of placental dysfunction. The control group was made by 24 pregnant women with the uncomplicated course of pregnancy and labors. The complex of the conducted researches included clinical, ehografical, dopplerometrical, laboratory, morphological and statistical methods. Results. Use of advanced algorithm of diagnostic and treatment-and-prophylactic actions allows to increase efficiency of diagnostics of decompensation form of placental dysfunction for 33.3%, and rational tactics of a delivery leads to depression of perinatal pathology for 22.7%. Conclusion. Decompensation placental dysfuction is one of the main reasons for perinatal mortality and a case rate at the present stage. Use of the algorithm of diagnostic and treatment-and-prophylactic actions improved by us allows major factors of risk of this complication and the indication for change of tactics and delivery times. Key words: decompensation placental dysfunction, diagnostics, delivery tactics.

Clinical and microbiological aspects of vaginal microbiota at pregnant with threat of late miscarriages during treatment with vaginal gestagens forms

2017 ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
I.P. Polishchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Late Miscarriage ◽  
Microbiological Aspects ◽  
Micronized Progesterone

The objective: was to examine the effectiveness of treatment of late miscarriage threat by micronized form of progesterone for 100 mg – 3 times a day in the form of gelatin pills and vaginal tablets with lactose. Patients and methods. Under our supervision there were 70 pregnant women with normocenosis of vagina (NCV) without extragenital pathology, which were not performed systemic or local treatment with antibacterial drugs in the last 4 weeks. Among them 25 pregnant women with TLSM treated by gelatin tablets of micronized progesterone (GTP) (group 1); 25 pregnant women with TLSM, treated by vaginal micronized progesterone tablets (VPT) (2nd group) and 20 healthy women with physiological pregnancy – PV (control group). The distribution of women in the group adhered to the principles of randomization. The age of examined women ranged from 19 to 32 years, most pregnant women were aged under 30 years (89.02%). General clinical examination was carried out according to the standard scheme according to the Order MH of Ukraine № 620. Results. During the research we have determined the colpocytologcal dynamics and state of vaginal microbiota in pregnant women with threatened late miscarriage with initial vaginal normocenosis before and after treatment whit vaginal forms of progesterone. Conclusion. The received results showed low efficiency of micronized progesterone gelatin dragee at threat of the late miscarriage that at small therapeutic effect has led to the development of vaginal dysbiosis in all surveyed. In contrast, the use of micronized progesterone vaginal tablets – the maximally rapid therapeutic effect without disturbance of vaginal normocenosis. Key words: the threat of a late miscarriage, vaginal micronized forms of progesterone.

Pathological features of the sequence in pregnant women with delayed fetal growth

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
V.O. Golyanovskiy ◽  
◽  
Ye.O. Didyk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Intrauterine Infection ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Infection And Inflammation

Pregnant women with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) have an increased risk of adverse perinatal and long-term complications compared with the birth of children with normal body weight. Thus, IUGR is one of the main challenges for the global health system, especially in poor and developing countries. Morpho-functional studies of the placentas help in determining the causes of IUGR, and therefore, timely prevent complications in pregnant women with IUGR. The objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate various morphometric and pathomorphological changes in the placenta, including inflammatory, in cases of IUGR, and to establish a correlation of these results with the etiology and complications for the fetus. Materials and methods. In the current study, 54 placentas of the fetuses with IUGR (the main group) were compared with 50 placentas of the fetuses with normal development (control group). The criteria for the inclusion of IUGR were gestational age more than 30 weeks and all fetuses with a weight less than 10th percentile for this period of pregnancy. The placenta material was studied pathomorphologically with laboratory screening for infection and inflammation. Similarly, the results were determined for placentas of the fetuses with normal development compared to placentas with IUGR. Results. The placenta study showed the presence of calcification in the case of IUGR, as well as in the case of prolonged pregnancy. However, calcification of the placenta in the case of IUGR was more progressive compared with placenta in the normal pregnancy. In addition, the presence of intrauterine infection and inflammation was observed, which could also lead to an adverse outcome for the further progression of pregnancy with IUGR. Conclusion. A comparative macro- and microscopic pathomorphological study of the placentas in the two groups has shown a significant increase in the pathological changes in all the anatomical structures of the fetuses with IUGR. Key words: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), fetal weight, pathomorphological changes of the placenta.

Optimisation of tactics of conducting pregnancy and labours at women after auxiliary reproductive technologies

2016 ◽  
pp. 160-164
Author(s):  
D.N. Maslo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Premature Delivery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Uterine Arteries ◽  
Placental Dysfunction ◽  
Placental Blood ◽  
Two Stages

The objective: frequency decrease perinatal pathologies at women after ART on the basis of studying clinical-ehografical, endocrinological, biochemical, dopplerometrical, cardiotokografical and morphological researches, and also improvement of algorithm of diagnostic and treatment-and-prophylactic actions. Patients and methods. The work basis is made spent by us from 2012 on 2015 by complex inspection of 300 pregnant women from which 250 were after ART and 50 – firstlabours which pragnency without ART, and also their newborns. For the decision of an object in view of research spent to two stages. At 1 stage spent prosperctive research which included 150 pregnant women: з them 100 women pregnancy at which has come out ART (1 group) and 50 healthy women (control group). At 2 stage spent prospective randomization in which result of patients after ART have divided on two equal groups by therapy principle: 2 basic group - 75 pregnant women after ART at which used the algorithm improved by us; 3 group of comparison - 75 pregnant women after ART which have been spent on the standard treatment-and-prophylactic actions. Results. The results suggest that women after using ART is a high frequency of reproductive losses in the first trimester (10.0%), 3.0% of spontaneous abortion from 16 to 22 weeks, and 3.0% "early" premature delivery (22 to 28 weeks of pregnancy). The frequency of violations of the functional state of placenta in women after using IVF is 63.0%, which is the main cause of high levels of perinatal losses (40.0 ‰), and delivery by cesarean section (96.0%). Placental dysfunction in women after using ART characterized by retrohorialnyh hematoma (21.0%); size mismatch fruit (30.0%) and hypertonicity of the uterus (73.0%) against changes in fruit-placental blood flow - increased resistance index in umbilical artery and increased vascular resistance in the uterine arteries. Endocrinological and biochemical changes in placental dysfunction in women after using IVF starting from 28 weeks of pregnancy and are in significant reduction in progesterone, placental b1-microglobulin, B2-microglobulin of fertility and trophic в-glycoprotein. Conclusion. The received results: use of the algorithm of diagnostic and treatment-and-prophylactic actions improved by us allows to lower frequency of spontaneous interruption of pregnancy till 22 weeks – from 13.0% to 5.7%; «early» premature birth – from 3.0% to 1.0%; placentary dysfunction from 63.0% to 40.6%; cesarean sections – from 96.0% to 56.5%, and also perinatal losses – from 40.0‰ to 16.2‰. Key words: pregnancy, childbirth, auxiliary reproductive technologies.

Breastfeeding Training through Role-Play and Effects on Mother-infant Attachment Behaviours: A Randomised Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farokh Saljughi ◽  
Mitra Savabi-Esfahani ◽  
Shahnaz Kohan ◽  
Soheila Ehsanpour
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Role Play ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maternal Behaviour ◽  
Infant Attachment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of

Mother-infant attachment is an intimate, lasting and satisfying relationship that leads to better cognitive, emotional and social growth of the infant. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of breastfeeding training by role-play on mother-infant attachment behaviours. This research was a randomised clinical trial (parallel design). Inclusion criteria were: no history of mental disorders; ability to read and write the Persian language to complete the questionnaire; no history of drug and tobacco intake in primigravida women. The sample comprised 100 pregnant women (in 2 groups), selected through simple random sampling at healthcare centres. The researcher reviewed prenatal care registries of selected healthcare centres and extracted the names of pregnant women in their early third trimester. The data were imported into randomisation software. The control group received routine breastfeeding training, while the intervention group received routine training together with training through role-play. The data collection tool was the Maternal Behaviour Inventory Questionnaire. Consequently 75 samples were analysed in SPSS16. Independent t-tests and chi-square tests were used to examine the difference between the two groups. Results showed that the mean score of mother-infant attachment one week after delivery was significantly higher in the intervention group in comparison to that in the control group (p<0.001). No significant difference was observed between the two groups in maternal age, age of marriage, neonatal gender, maternal employment and education, number of parity, and number of abortions (P>0.05). Since breastfeeding training through role-play could affect mother-infant attachment, it is suggested that this type of training should be provided for pregnant women to promote mother-infant attachment and exclusive breastfeeding.

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