scholarly journals Holistic Analysis of Coronavirus Literature: A Scientometric Study of the Global Publications Relevant to SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), MERS-CoV (MERS) and SARS-CoV (SARS)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Engin Şenel ◽  
Fatih Esad Topal
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Scientometric Evaluation ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Source Countries ◽  
Scientometric Study

ABSTRACT Objectives: In late December 2019, a cluster of patients with pneumonia caused by an unknown pathogen was reported from Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The pathogen has been identified as a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the disease has been named as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The objective of this study was to perform the first holistic scientometric evaluation of coronavirus publications. Methods: Our main source for this study was Web of Science Collection database. All items published between 1980 and 2019 were included. A distribution map of global production in coronavirus literature and scientometric networks were generated. Results: The United States, China, Germany, the United Kingdom, and Netherlands were the most productive countries. Publications in coronavirus literature have been produced from almost every country in the world, except for some countries in Asia and Africa. Conclusion: While in the 1980s, the United States and developed countries from Europe were major source countries and the virus was identified only as an animal disease in the literature and its biological and genetic structure was investigated, in the 2000s, China became a major contributor of coronavirus literature because the SARS outbreak originated from southern China. Almost all most-cited publications in this period are related to SARS and the ACE2 protein.

scholarly journals International Student Transitions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sharif Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
International Students ◽  
International Student ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The U.S

Andrade and James Hartshorn (2019) surrounds the transition that international students encounter when they attend universities in developed countries in pursuit of higher education. Andrade and James Hartshorn (2019) describe how some countries like Australia and the United Kingdom host more international students than the United States (U.S.) and provides some guidelines for the U.S. higher education institutions to follow to host more international students. This book contains seven chapters.

Labor Market Outcomes of Immigrant Women in the United States: 1970 to 1990

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Schoeni
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Immigrant Women ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Almost All

Forty-two percent of immigrant workers in the United States are women, yet almost all of the evidence on the economic performance of immigrants is based on analyses of men. This study begins to fill the void by examining differences in a wide array of labor market outcomes between U.S.-born and immigrant women, and among immigrant women born in different countries or regions of the world, using the 1970, 1980 and 1990 censuses. Immigrant women were less likely to participate in the labor force, and this gap increased to 7 percentage points by 1990. However, the share of self-employed and the number of weeks and hours worked among employed women were roughly the same for immigrants and natives throughout the 1970–1990 period. The gap in unemployment and weekly wages widened in favor of natives between 1970 and 1990, with a gap in median wages of 14 percent in 1990. However, immigrants born in the United Kingdom and Canada, Europe, Japan, Korea, China, the Philippines, and the Middle East have had steady or improved wages and unemployment relative to U.S.-born women. At the same time, immigrants from Mexico and Central America, who now represent one-quarter of all immigrant women, have experienced relatively high unemployment and low earnings, and these differences have increased, with the wage gap reaching 35 percent in 1990. Disparities in completed years of schooling can explain a substantial share of the differences in labor market outcomes.

Current Approaches to Federal E-Government

2011 ◽  
pp. 265-270
Author(s):  
M. E. Chen ◽  
C. K. Davis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Government Information ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Privacy Issues

The U.S. government is making strides to provide electronic access to government agencies and services. A variety of issues are involved when implementing e-government programs such as electronic tax filing, access to drug information, and so forth. Financial, technical, personnel, and legal issues are common. Privacy issues in the creation of e-government are also of interest to both the e-government implementer and citizen. There are a variety of issues in planning and implementing projects of the scope and magnitude of e-government. Issues such as user requirements, organizational change, government regulations, and politics, as well as descriptions of planning and implementation frameworks, are important. Experience in developed countries shows that it is not difficult for people to imagine a situation where all interaction can be done 24 hours each day, 7 days each week. Many countries, including the United States, France, Australia, Greece, Canada, Singapore, and Italy have been offering government services online (West, 2004). According to Sharma and Gupta (2003), Canada, Singapore, and the United States are categorized as “innovative leaders” (p. 34) whose continued leadership in the creation of e-government and more mature online services sets them apart from other countries. Canada leads the way in e-government innovation while Singapore, the United States, Australia, Denmark, the United Kingdom, Finland, Germany, and Ireland are countries in the top-10 list. Several Asian countries such as China, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, Bangladesh, and Burma have initiated the concept of e-government as well (Dodgson, 2001). An article in Federal Computer Week (Perera, 2004) reported findings of a recent poll indicating that 77% of Internet users (or some 97 million people) in the United States have gone online for government information. E-government is rapidly becoming a key priority of the government of the United States.

National Responses to HIV Versus HCV-Infection from Virally Contaminated Blood Products among Persons with Hemophilia (PWH): More Different Than Alike.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 3213-3213
Author(s):  
Charles L. Bennett ◽  
Lauren E. Frohlich ◽  
Kathryn R. McCaffrey ◽  
June M. McKoy ◽  
Glenn E. Ramsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Contaminated Blood

Abstract Background: 95% of HIV- and HCV-infections among PWHs occurred with use of contaminated blood products prior to 1985. Overall, 20% to 90% of PWHs in developed countries have HIV- and/or HCV-infection. We compared country-specific public health approaches, judicial activities, and compensation for these viral infections. Methods: Reports from hemophilia organizations, national ministries of health, published articles, and the World Federation of Hemophilia were reviewed. Results: Except for the United States, the number of PWHs who developed HCV-infection from contaminated blood products was 1.5 to 3-fold as great as for HIV-infection- as a result of delayed use of heat-treated blood products, importation in late 1984 of HCV-infected non-heat treated blood products from the United States, and failure to use surrogate laboratory marker hepatitis screening tests. Compensation funds for HIV-infected PWHs were established in Japan ($521,000 at Dx); France ($305,000 at Dx; $102,000 for AIDS); the United States ($115,000 at Dx); Ireland ($106,000 at Dx); the United Kingdom ($55,000 at Dx); Australia ($48,000 at Dx); Canada ($13,000 at Dx/$18,000/yr); Germany ($12,000/yr for HIV; $24,000/yr for AIDS); and Italy ($6,000/yr; $82,000 at death). Compensation has also been provided to HCV-infected PWHs in Ireland ($266,000 at Dx); Canada ($251,000 at Dx); the United Kingdom ($33,000 at Dx; $42,000 if w/liver damage); and Italy ($10,000/yr; $37,000 at death). Conclusions: In most developed countries, despite a greater number of HCV-versus HIV-infected PWHs, markedly less attention has been paid to HCV-infected PWHs. All countries should review HCV-related blood safety decisions made in the 1980s and consider providing compensation to HCV-infected PWHs. A comparison of national responses to HIV and HCV infections from blood products Country -PWH (thousands) % PWH with HIV:HCV Man-dated HIV ELISA (date) Man-dated heat Rx factor (date) Anti-HBc marker screening (date) Nat’l Funds for HIV/HCV among PWHs (year) Nat’l Panels for HIV/HCV decisions (year) USA-20 50%:30% Mar 85 Oct 84 Oct 84 96/none 95/none Italy- 8.7 23%:55% Mar 85 Jul 85 None 92/98 92/05 GDR- 6 47%:90% Oct 85 Oct 85 None 95/none 94/none UK-6 28%:80% Oct 85 Jun 85 None 88/03 87/05 France-4 50%:90% Aug 85 Oct 85 None 89/none 91/none Japan-3.4 60%:90% Nov 86 Jun 86 None 88/none 96/none Canada-2 40%:88% Nov 85 Jul 85 None 89/98 97/none Australia-1.5 31%:90% May 85 Jan 85 None 89/none 88/none Ireland-0.3 36%:76% Oct 85 Feb 85 None 91/97 91/97

Brainstem death and organ donation

2010 ◽  
pp. 3161-3166
Author(s):  
M.J. Lindop
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Brainstem Death ◽  
Brainstem Function ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Irreversible Cessation

Brain death in the United States of America is defined as the ‘irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain, including the brainstem … that are clinically ascertainable’; in the United Kingdom the definition focuses on brainstem function. Half of those who fulfil the necessary clinical criteria will have a cardiac arrest despite intensive treatment within 24 h, and this happens to almost all within 72 h....

Second survey Of secular trends in twinning rates

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. James
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Far East ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Restrictive Legislation ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Communist Countries

SummaryA study has been made of twinning rates throughout the world over the last two decades. There has been a decline in age-specific dizygotic twinning rates in almost all of the developed countries during this period. Exceptions to this trend are provided by the United States, where the only decline in twinning rates in the last two decades was in births to older women in the 1960s, and by Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Bulgaria, where an initial decline in twinning during the 1960s was followed by stable twinning rates.It is suggested that the cause may be some form of environmental pollutant, perhaps a pesticide, which has been the subject of restrictive legislation first in the United States and later in the three Communist countries. Possibly the cause of this decline may be identified by a study of such legislation.This seems to be the first study of twinning rates in Central and South America. The low twinning rates in some of the countries there may indicate the genetic affiliations of their inhabitants with those (of Mongoloid origin) of countries in the Far East.

scholarly journals The vaccination against COVID-19 in Morocco: a success story in progress

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
The United States ◽  
Success Story ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
First Case ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Coronavirus disease 2019 is a respiratory sickness that may spread between persons. It is caused by a novel coronavirus that produces an outbreak in Wuhan, China and spread all over the world to become a pandemic. From the appearance of the first case of the new coronavirus in Morocco, Moroccan authorities has spared no effort to promote the health of Moroccans, ahead of that of the country’s economy. On 22 January 2021, 2 million doses, of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine were delivered to Morocco, with a view to vaccinating 1 million Moroccans in a first phase. On 28 January, the campaign started and the King of Morocco was the 1st Moroccan to be vaccinated against the coronavirus. On 27 February 2021, Morocco has received 1 million doses from the Chinese laboratory Sinopharm and 6 million doses of the AstraZeneca vaccine allowing Morocco to vaccinate several audiences and the general public over the age of 60, and the most vulnerable. Thereafter, the COVID-19 vaccine doses administered per 100 people in 31 March 2021 were 115.89 in Israel, 84.01 in the United Arab Emirates, 52.53 in the United Kingdom, 44.93 in the United States, 45.04 in Bahrain, 21.66 in Morocco, 16.44 in Germany, 8.32 in China, 4.72 in India, and 0.44 in South Africa. Also, the population fully vaccinated against COVID-19 in 01 April 2021 were 55.51% in Israel, 22.12% in the United Arab Emirates, 20.08% in Chile, 16.77% in USA, 15.25% in Serbia, 15.14%in Bahrain, 10.21% in Morocco, 8.94% in Hungary, 8.23% in Turkey, 7.29% in UK, 3.07% in Russia, 2.39% in Brazil, 1.70% in Uruguay, 0.70% in India, and 0.45% in South Africa. This allows Morocco to figure in the top 10 countries fully vaccinated against COVID-19 despite the lack of resources and belonging to developing countries. Finally, our study gives an example to other countries to benefit from the Moroccan experience. Nevertheless, vaccination is only one element of a comprehensive COVID-19 strategy, it must be accompanied by measures to reduce circulating infection and keep them low.

scholarly journals Do Derivatives Hinder the Financial Contagion? A Case Study of Developed Countries’ Stock Markets

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 89-101
Author(s):  
Saeed Rasekhi ◽  
Nasim Nabavi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Financial Contagion ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Derivative Instruments ◽  
Copula Method ◽  
Negative Effect

The main purpose of this study is to test the effect of the derivative instruments on financial contagion in developed countries including France, Germany, South Korea, Spain, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, considering the United States as the source of the crisis. Therefore, at first, existence of the contagion in the markets was investigated using the ARMA-GARCH-COPULA method, and then, the effect of the derivative instruments on the contagion for the selected countries was examined during the time period 01: 2007: to 08:2018. The results confirm the negative effect of the derivatives on the contagion.

scholarly journals G7 summit – analysis of decisions taken to step up on climate change challenge

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 08017
Author(s):  
Carmen Valentina Radulescu ◽  
Iulian Gole ◽  
Marius Profiroiu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United States ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
The United Kingdom

Research background: After the summit of G7 held in the United Kingdom, important decisions regarding future actions against global warming were taken. Some of them were appreciated by the environmental supporters but many others tend to have a different view, especially because of lack of details. Purpose of the article: In this article, we will analyse what are the measure proposed by the most powerful and developed countries, members of G7, what is the position of the other big countries (China and Russia) that were not invited, and how this could really contribute to the saving environment progress. Methods: Through descriptive and comparative analysis the paper reveals the financial and technical difficulties to implement these decisions and how they can contribute to a better environment and achieve the COP 21 objective. Findings & Value added: The stress caused by the Covid-19 pandemic in all economies didn’t cancel the engagement of countries taken in Paris, to limit the rise of global temperatures to 1.50C comparing to the preindustrial era. The United States even came back on track and, generally speaking, it appears that there is a stronger will to take concrete actions.

Economic and Social Council

1959 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-294 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Social Council

The resumed 26th session of the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) was held in New York on October 23 and December 10 and 11, 1958, under the presidency of Mr. Davidson (Canada). A draft resolution by which ECOSOC would decide to enable the International Atomic Energy Agency to become a member of the Technical Assistance Board and to participate in the Expanded Program of Technical Assistance was adopted unanimously at the 1045th meeting. The Council elected the members of the Governing Council of the Special Fund: elected as members representing the economically more advanced countries were Canada, Denmark, France, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States; and representing the less-developed countries were Argentina, Chile, Ghana, India, Mexico, Pakistan, Peru, the United Arab Republic, and Yugoslavia. Brazil was elected as a member of the Technical Assistance Committee to fill the vacancy resulting from the election of Venezuela to ECOSOC. At its 1046th meeting the Council elected the following seven members of the Council Committee on Non-Governmental Organizations for 1959: China, Costa Rica, France, the Netherlands, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The Council unanimously confirmed the names of persons nominated by governments to represent them on the functional commissions of ECOSOC. The delegate of France announced that his country had been unable to take advantage of the extended time-limit for the submission of lists of the territories it wished to be admitted as associate members of the Economic Commission for Africa. The Council unanimously adopted a resolution designed to make the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies applicable to the Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization.

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