Electrifying Kyoto: Business and Politics in Light and Power, 1887–1915

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 952-970
Author(s):  
CHENXIAO XIA
Keyword(s):  
Electric Utility ◽  
Government Relations ◽  
Business And Politics ◽  
Japanese City ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hydraulic Station ◽  
Electric Light ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City ◽  
Privately Owned

The city of Kyoto witnessed Japan’s first public-owned electric utility and first hydraulic station for general supply, and was the first Japanese city in which every household became electrified. Behind these achievements, the interaction between the privately owned Kyoto Electric Light Company and the government-owned Kyoto Municipal Electric Works were important. By exploring their origin, collusion, competition, and demarcation between them from 1887 to 1915, this article addresses business–government relations in the history of Japanese electrification through the case of Kyoto.

scholarly journals Government houses as presentation of power and ideology in the Ottoman State: The case of Safranbolu Government House

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-145
Author(s):  
Sema Tuba Özmen ◽  
Beyza Onur
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Spatial Structures ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Dominant Ideology ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City ◽  
Ideological Context ◽  
The Ideal

Architecture, which is associated with the practice of producing space, has always rendered the powers and ideologies visible. This study investigates the government houses in the 19th century Ottoman State with regard to the notions of power and ideology and focuses on the Government House of Safranbolu. It is known that, in the specified period, government houses were important ideological interventions to urban space. This study aims to address the ideological context of the Safranbolu Government House, which is positioned with the ideal of the state. Based on this, first, the urban history of Safranbolu was examined. The importance of Safranbolu Government House in the history of the city, its relationship with the city, its ideological message to the city-dwellers and its architectural style were analyzed through a method based on archival research. All government houses of the period are the artifacts of urban-spatial structures and their architectural style as well as a shared ideology. Safranbolu Government House, which is one of the structures symbolizing the Ottoman State, was also built with a similar ideological consideration. Thus, the readability of the dominant ideology through the production style of Safranbolu Government House, one of the final period architectural artifacts of the Ottoman State, was verified.

scholarly journals THE REPORT OF NIZHYN VOIVODES IN THE «ACTS OF SOUTH WESTERN RUSSIA»

2017 ◽  
pp. 163-170
Author(s):  
Lyudmyla Lesyk
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
The State ◽  
Valuable Source ◽  
History Of ◽  
Internal Policy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The City

The author analyzes the economic documentation sent by the Nizhyn governors to the Malorossiyskyi Prykaz in the 1650s and 1670s. The excerpts published in the Acts relating to the History of Southern and Western Russia. This source the author used to show the nature of the interaction between the Nizhyn Voivodship and the government, to identify the main issues voivode had to report on and the tasks he had to solve, as well as to consider the situation of the Russian military contingent in Nizhyn.The author notes that the royal pledges led by the voivods appeared in Chernihiv, Nizhyn, Pereyaslav and other Ukrainian cities in the late 1650s. The names of the Nizhyn voivods, who served in the 1650-1670s, were identified, and the author described their activities. She found out that the voivode had to build a fortress in the city to defend against enemies, manage the affairs of their garrisons, send to Moscow financial statements of expenditures, to issue a sovereign's pay to the archers, to fight against their escape, which was very common, and in addition to monitor on the activities of the local Cossack administration and internal policy in the territories subordinate to them, submit to the king petitioners and petitions, provide information on events in the Ukrainian lands and in the neighboring territories, involve the local population in the work . Under the rule of Ivan Bryukhovetsky, voivode had to collect taxes from inhabitants of the Hetmanate (except for Cossacks and clergy). The author concludes that it was through regular reports that the voivode in Moscow knew about the state of affairs in the Hetmanate region and, following the information received, adjusted their policy towards the Ukrainian lands. Therefore, the voivodship runoff can be considered a valuable source from the history of the hetman's Ukraine itself.

THEODOR FISCHER: PLAN AND BUILDING REGULATIONS MUNICH 1904

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 6-18
Author(s):  
Vasily Filippov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
World War ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Expansion Plan ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

The issues of preserving the urban planning heritage of Russian cities and the proposed methods of its preservation are discussed. The study of the morphology of Russian cities is presented as an example of a scientific approach to the description of the urban environment as a possible object for conservation. The history of the expansion plan and urban planning regulations for Munich, created by Theodor Fischer and based on the task of the morphology of urban space, adopted in 1904 and current for 75 years, regardless of the government in Germany, is described. The plan and regulations became the basis for the development of the city, its restoration after World War II and the preservation of its urban environment.

scholarly journals Configuring Taiwan’s Architectural Extensions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Robinson Yang
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Martial Law ◽  
Secondary Layer ◽  
History Of ◽  
Architectural Language ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

<p>Amongst Taipei’s contemporary urban skyline of skyscrapers sits a secondary layer of prolific informal structures latching onto the existing modernist infrastructures of Taiwan, most prominently multistorey residential buildings. These structures resolve the spatial issue of the urban environment on the surface level and communicate a certain expression of Taiwan’s way of life, but just as importantly, they serve as a critique of modernist standards and homogeneous space.  This phenomenon is the result of the absence of planning and declaration of martial law under the KMT’s rule of Taiwan from 1949-1987. During this time, all top-down plans were reduced to one objective—to take over from China and return to the mainland (Illegal Taipei). During this time the government was negligent about these unrestrained developments in the city. In a 2011 exhibition titled “Illegal Architecture” Taiwanese architect, Ying-Chun Hsieh expressed a distinct view of this period. He wrote:  Fortunately, while the government was concentrating itself on regaining the possession of mainland China and on promoting populism, which made it weak, people were given a chance to breathe. Their creativity was released, and fabulous urban life finally arose in Taipei… (Ching-Yueh)  In recent years, the government has had a change of agenda; the demolitions of illegal extensions are now enforced and with it what has come to symbolise a Taiwanese’s way of life informed by decades of creative informal expansions and certain freedoms. Although government regulations emerge from safety concerns, this thesis argues that there is a superior procedure to overcome these issues without altering the culture: to create an architecture that references but does not imitate the context, therefore creating a new architectural language that retains the spirit of context and history of the everyday in Taiwan.</p>

scholarly journals FAZENDA CAPÃO DO BISPO: O ESQUECIMENTO DO PATRIMÔNIO HISTÓRICO NO AGLOMERADO URBANO.

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (207) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Vanessa Campos Ribas Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Public Administrators ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Rural Region ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Artistic Heritage ◽  
The City

Located on the banks of the main avenue that crosses the neighborhood of Del Castilho and its surroundings, in the northern part of the city of Rio de Janeiro, is one of the last examples of the rural colonial architecture of the State: Fazenda Capão do Bispo. This study seeks to present the history of the farm and discuss the change in its importance in the region and its trajectory in the immediate urban context, especially with regard to the importance of the USA as a good to be preserved. Originally based on a coffee-producing farm, not in the beginning of the 17th century, a property went through a fragmentation process due to sesmarias concessions and the growth of the central region of the city that induced a population to migrate towards the rural region. Listed by the National Historical and Artistic Heritage Institute in 1947. After years of tutelage by the IAB in 2011, there was a resumption of possession by the government, which has not yet promoted preservation actions. In contrast, the region continues to grow and the farm loses visibility in its surroundings. Then, as a result of this work, we seek, through the analysis of the Capão do Bispo Farm, demonstrating the importance of establishing preservation zones around listed assets, associated with the need for preservation of the city's memory by public administrators.

scholarly journals Convicts and exiled in Yekaterinburg in 1723 – late 1730s: to the question on formation of social space of the city

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-26
Author(s):  
Elena Vasil'evna Borodina
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Ural Region ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Penal Labor ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

This article is dedicated to the history of the Institution of penal servitude and exile in Ural Region in the 1720s &ndash; 1730s. The subject of this research is the convicts and exiled who arrived to Yekaterinburg during the period from 1723 to the late 1730s. Analysis is conducted on the legislation dedicated to regulation of penal labor and exile in Russia. Differences in the government policy with regards to exiled in the XVII and XVIII centuries are revealed. The author also examines the reasons of the emergence of exiled and convicts in Ural Region, dynamics of their arrival from Tobolsk and the capital regions, as well as the stance of the mining and metallurgical authorities on this social category. Historians alongside legal historians turned attention to studying penal labor and exile in Siberia, practically not comparing the situation of exiled and convicts in other Russian regions. The novelty of this work consists in studying life of the representatives of this social group in the Ural Region in the early XVIII century, which was noted for transit location, connecting &nbsp;European and Asian parts of the country, and was the center of mining and metallurgical industry. Leaning on the analysis of documental sources and records, the author concludes that convicts and exiled played a role in the formation of social space of Yekaterinburg. They were well integrated into the social relations: they were allowed to own homesteads and marry, but were under permanent control of the mining and metallurgical administration.

scholarly journals Configuring Taiwan’s Architectural Extensions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Robinson Yang
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Martial Law ◽  
Secondary Layer ◽  
History Of ◽  
Architectural Language ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

<p>Amongst Taipei’s contemporary urban skyline of skyscrapers sits a secondary layer of prolific informal structures latching onto the existing modernist infrastructures of Taiwan, most prominently multistorey residential buildings. These structures resolve the spatial issue of the urban environment on the surface level and communicate a certain expression of Taiwan’s way of life, but just as importantly, they serve as a critique of modernist standards and homogeneous space.  This phenomenon is the result of the absence of planning and declaration of martial law under the KMT’s rule of Taiwan from 1949-1987. During this time, all top-down plans were reduced to one objective—to take over from China and return to the mainland (Illegal Taipei). During this time the government was negligent about these unrestrained developments in the city. In a 2011 exhibition titled “Illegal Architecture” Taiwanese architect, Ying-Chun Hsieh expressed a distinct view of this period. He wrote:  Fortunately, while the government was concentrating itself on regaining the possession of mainland China and on promoting populism, which made it weak, people were given a chance to breathe. Their creativity was released, and fabulous urban life finally arose in Taipei… (Ching-Yueh)  In recent years, the government has had a change of agenda; the demolitions of illegal extensions are now enforced and with it what has come to symbolise a Taiwanese’s way of life informed by decades of creative informal expansions and certain freedoms. Although government regulations emerge from safety concerns, this thesis argues that there is a superior procedure to overcome these issues without altering the culture: to create an architecture that references but does not imitate the context, therefore creating a new architectural language that retains the spirit of context and history of the everyday in Taiwan.</p>

scholarly journals “The Object ‘Pavilion’”: The re-exposure in the bunker in Smolny in honor of the 75th anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriotic War

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-238
Author(s):  
Alisa A. Amosova ◽  
◽  
Tat’iana M. Konysheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Underground Structure ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Multimedia Technologies ◽  
The Government ◽  
Dining Room ◽  
The City

The article is devoted to the analysis of the updated museum exposition entitled “The Object ‘Pavilion’”, implemented in a bomb shelter under the building of the St. Petersburg administration for the anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War, by May 9, 2020. The authors study history of The Smolny Museum, as well as its current expositions and memorial spaces available for visitors within the walls of the government building: the exposition “From the history of women’s education in Russia. Smolny Institute for Noble Maidens” and “December, 1. Shot in Smolny”; V. I. Lenin’s study and the room in which he lived with his wife, N. K. Krupskaya; The white-column assembly hall, where in the fall of 1917 the II All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers ‘and Soldiers’ Deputies was held. The period of the war and the siege of Leningrad (1941–1944) occupies an important place in the museum’s theme. One of the most attractive memorial spaces of the museum is the underground bunker located under the territory of the Smolny garden, museumified in 2019. The article describes the technical parameters of the underground structure and considers its history, studies and compares two versions of the bomb shelter exposition (“Bunker A. A. Zhdanov”, 2019 and “The Object ‘Pavilion’”, 2020). The updated exposition is distinguished by a significant expansion of the exposition space, an emphasis on demonstrating the previously hidden functional premises of the bunker (dining room, disinfection room, rest room, etc.), a more detailed display of the historical events of the blockade related to the management of the city and the front, the introduction of multimedia technologies. The article is based on the historical sources of the museum origin.

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