scholarly journals Diabetes, pre-diabetes and their risk factors in Malta: a study profile of national cross-sectional prevalence study

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Cuschieri ◽  
J. Vassallo ◽  
N. Calleja ◽  
N. Pace ◽  
J. Mamo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
Population Sampling ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Nationally Representative

BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus constitutes a global epidemic and a major burden on health care systems across the world. Prevention of this disease is essential, and the development of effective prevention strategies requires validated information on the disease burden and the risk factors. Embarking on a nationally representative cross-sectional study is challenging and costly. Few countries undertake this process regularly, if at all.MethodThis paper sets out the evidence-based protocol of a recent cross-sectional study that was conducted in Malta. Data collection took place from November 2014 to January 2016.ResultsThis study presents up-to-date national data on diabetes and its risk factors (such as obesity, smoking, physical activity and alcohol intake) that will soon be publicly available.ConclusionThis protocol was compiled so that the study can be replicated in other countries. The protocol contains step-by-step descriptions of the study design, including details on the population sampling, the permissions required and the validated measurement tools used.

Prevalence of Chronic Illness and Risk Factors for Chronic Illness Among Patients With Venous Leg Ulceration: A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kelly ◽  
Georgina Gethin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Illness ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Nurse ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Introduction. Chronic illness and risk factors for chronic illness are rising public health concerns for individuals and health care systems. Individuals with venous leg ulceration (VLU) have at least one chronic illness. As there is a projected increase in VLU prevalence there is a need to determine concurrent prevalence of risk factors for chronic illness among this population. Methods. A cross-sectional design conducted in 8 community, nurse-led, leg ulcer clinics. Results. Fifty patients (58%, n = 29 females) were enrolled. Seventy percent were >65 years old; 90% had at least one chronic illness; 60% had hypertension; 30% had atrial fibrillation; 18% had diabetes; 18% heart failure; and 28.6% musculoskeletal conditions. All had at least one risk factors for chronic illness (mean = 2.26), the most frequent being overweight (30%), obesity (30%), high cholesterol (22.2%), and restricted physical activity (22%). Participants took a mean 5.2 medications daily and 26% were on current oral antibiotics. Conclusions. Comprehensive, holistic assessment and regular reassessment with a preventative focus needs to consider chronic illness and risk factors for chronic illness. Patients with VLU are in frequent contact with their multidisciplinary team. This is an opportunity to improve care and make every encounter count.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional study of perceived neighborhood collective efficacy and risk of adhd among a nationally-representative sample of children

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Derauf ◽  
Diana Pandey ◽  
Juliette T. Liesinger ◽  
Euijung Ryu ◽  
Jeanette Y. Ziegenfuss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neighborhood Collective Efficacy ◽  
The Us ◽  
Nationally Representative

Objectives: The development and severity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been linked to a number of psychosocial risk factors. Research has shown that the amount of social capital in a community influences the physical and mental health of community members. We assessed the independent role of perceived neighborhood context, including physical and socioeconomic characteristics, and collective efficacy, a form of social capital, on ADHD prevalence. Methods: Cross-sectional study utilizing the 2007 National Survey of Children’s Health, a nationally representative dataset. The population of interest was children between the ages of four and seventeen living in randomly selected households. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the association between indices of perceived neighborhood socioeconomic conditions, built environment, and collective efficacy (study exposures) on risk of ADHD (outcome), controlling for pertinent individual and family risk factors.Results: 9.8 percent of children in the US (ages 4‐17) had ADHD as reported by their caregiver. In multivariate analysis, white race, male gender, increased geographic mobility, exposure to household smoke, exposure to > 2 hours/day TV, and maternal mental illness increased the odds of ADHD, while a two‐parent household reduced the odds. The highest level of perceived neighborhood collective efficacy was associated with reduced risk of ADHD compared to lower levels of perceived collective efficacy (adjusted OR: 0.785; 95% CI: 0.650-0.946; p=.011). Perceived neighborhood socioeconomic conditions and built environment were not associated with ADHD risk.Results: Nine percent of children in the US (ages 4-17 ) had ADHD as reported by their caregiver. Univariately, all 3 neighborhood characteristics were associated with risk of ADHD (p-value =.01, .04, and .0002 for socioeconomic conditions, built environment, and collective efficacy, respectively). After accounting for well-established risk factors for ADHD, perceived neighborhood socioeconomic conditions and built environment were no longer associated with ADHD, while collective efficacy remained significant (p=.0002).  Lower level of perceived neighborhood collective efficacy was associated with increased risk of ADHD (OR: 1.7; 95\% CI: 1.3-2.2, comparing the lowest with the highest level).Conclusions: Our study suggests that perceived neighborhood collective efficacy may buffer the impact of individual-and family-level risk factors for ADHD in children.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS FOR OCCURRENCE OF CONGENITAL ANOMALIES IN NEONATES AT HOSPITAL FOR CHILD AND MATERNITY IN MISAN PROVINCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (36) ◽  
pp. 1176-1185
Author(s):  
Esraa Abd Almuhsen ALI ◽  
Hussein Fadhil ALJAWADI
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Congenital Disabilities

Congenital disabilities affect a remarkable proportion of neonates and have a significant role in hospital admission, morbidity, and pediatrics mortality. Besides, the long-term morbidity and disability caused by birth defects may have a considerable effect on the development of the child and family and health care systems. In Misan, congenital disabilities are considered a third common cause of neonatal mortality. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence, types, and risk factors of congenital disabilities to have an action plan toward preventing the occurrence of these defects. A cross-sectional study performed in the neonatal care unit in Misan Hospital for Child and Maternity during the period of two years (2018 and 2019). Misan province is located in the South East of Iraq. The information was collected from the files of patients and registration records. Any delivered a live neonate with birth defects was enrolled in this study. These cases were diagnosed depending on history, clinical examination supported by other investigations, and radiographic studies whenever needed. The prevalence rates of congenital disabilities were 7.1/1000 and 6.6/1000 live birth in 2018 and 2019, respectively. Central nervous system involvement was the most typical pattern. Congenital disabilities were more frequent in male, single, and term babies of maternal age 18-35 years living in an urban area with a consanguinity history. Thus, the prevalence rate of congenital disabilities was notably high in Misan. Efforts toward prevention, as well as improving the prenatal diagnosis, would be essential.

scholarly journals HYPERTENSION AND RISK FACTORS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN PEOPLE FORM 25 AGO OR MORE IN THAI BINH PROVINCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dang Thi Thanh Nhan ◽  
Tran Thi Nhu Quynh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective Prevention

A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2017, with the method of cluster sampling (PPS) to select30 communes/wards in 8 districts/cities in Thai Binh province. A total of 1450 adults from 25 ago ormore the results showed that:The prevalence rate of hypertension was 29.8%, of which men account for 36.5%, 22.0% higher thanthat of women (p<0.05)Some cardiovascular risk factors: males 55 years and older (36.1%), females 65 years and older(16.2%). Families with people suffering from early cardiovascular disease account for 20.5%.Habit of salty eating (61.9%), Eating less vegetables (53.9%), Little or moderate physical inactivity(43.8%), drinking a lot of alcohol (37.4%); abdominal obesity accounts for 36.1%, are overweightand obese (19.8%), have dyslipidemia (15.9%), have diabetes (6.5%) There are 63.4% of peoplewith 1-2 cardiovascular risk factors; having 3 or more risk factors, accounting for 16.2%; Havingcomplications or cardiovascular disease accounts for 5.2%.From the research of results also showed that it is necessary to increase communication activities oncardiovascular risk factors for the most effective prevention of the disease.

scholarly journals Awareness amongst Non-teaching Professionals Regarding COVID-19 in a Rural Teaching Hospital: A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ervilla Dass ◽  
Maulin D Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vernacular Language ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
Rural Teaching

Introduction: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has enforced a huge burden on the primary health care systems around the world to deal with this global health challenge. The recent global threat of this pandemic is rapidly progressing and has placed a high priority on investigation of medicaments. The rapid rise in COVID-19 occurred during the first week of March 2020, wherein, cases of COVID-19 reached over 100 countries with more than 100,000 cases reported. Aim: To assess the knowledge and perception regarding COVID-19 amongst non-teaching professionals of a rural teaching hospital. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study and was conducted over a period of two months from start of May, 2020 to end of June, 2020. Total number of participants enrolled were 70. Each questionnaire had a total of 27 questions in their vernacular language, through which their knowledge (9 questions) and perception (18 questions) regarding COVID-19 were assessed. Moreover, one question related to five steps of the 20 second handwash technique was also included with pictorial graphics. Questionnaires filled by the participants were collected for statistical analysis and the results were expressed as percentage. Results: A total of 70 participants were included in the present study. Regarding questions related to knowledge of coronavirus, 91.43% of participants had heard about the recent coronavirus. However, 68.57% were not aware about coronavirus spread from person-to-person through small drops from the nose or mouth, that can be dispersed widely through an infected person when they cough or breathe. Nearly 44.29% participants knew that coronavirus can cause difficulty in breathing. Concerning questions related to prevention and safety, all the participants were aware of wearing face masks. Conclusion: Though majority of the participants are aware about coronavirus, they had lack of in-depth knowledge as seen in their perception of knowledge through detailed questions. Hence, there is a need for increased awareness regarding the symptoms, implementation of precautionary measures and guidelines laid down by the authorities from time to time.

scholarly journals Comparing diagnostic delay in cancer: a cross-sectional study in three European countries with primary care-led health care systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Murchie ◽  
N. C. Campbell ◽  
E. K. Delaney ◽  
G.-J. Dinant ◽  
P. C. Hannaford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Diagnostic Delay ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Systems

scholarly journals Metabolic syndrome and related risk factors among adults in the northern West Bank, a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basma Damiri ◽  
Luna Badran ◽  
Deya Safadi ◽  
Ahmad Sawalha ◽  
Younis Yasin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
West Bank ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective Prevention

Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors that includes central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and hypertension. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of MetS and its associated risk factors among adult Palestinians using the International Diabetes Federation definition. Methods A total of 1348 subjects ages 18–65 y were recruited in a cross-sectional study that was conducted in 2018–2019 in the northern West Bank. Results A total of 1082 subjects participated; 51.7% were men. The prevalence of MetS was high (44.9%), and higher among women (46.1%) than men (44.2%) (p<0.001). The prevalence increased significantly with increasing age and body mass index (BMI) in both genders (p<0.001). However, metabolically obese but normal weight individuals (MONW) (8.4%) were also identified, with a slight increase among women (9.4%) compared with men (7.5%) (p=0.56). MetS was more likely to be prevalent among participants with increased fasting blood sugar (5.8 times), increased triglyceride (7.4 times), increased blood pressure (4.5 times) and BMI ≥25 (19.9 times) (p<0.001). The prevalence of MetS was higher among rural (50.3%) vs urban (39.3%) residents and refugees (33.8%). Conclusions With increasing age and obesity, clustering of MetS components increased remarkably in both genders. Effective prevention and treatment strategies for MetS and its risk factors should be developed targeting different ages and genders.

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