scholarly journals Print Media and the History of Women’s Sport in Africa: The Kenyan Case of Barriers to International Achievement

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 323-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Sikes
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
East African ◽  
Women's Sport ◽  
Institutional Barriers ◽  
Sport History ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
History Of ◽  
Kenyan Women ◽  
Access Information

Abstract:This article explores one source through which African women’s sport history can be drawn and interpreted: the sport sections of African newspapers. In the case of Kenya, the major dailies,Daily NationandThe East African Standard, are repositories of information pertaining to the challenges that confronted female athletes. Taking into account the history and development of these media, the article addresses the question of why did Kenyan women lag behind their male counterparts in entering the sport at an international level? Focusing on the early post-colonial period, it is argued that institutional barriers abroad as well as economic and cultural factors at home disproportionately disadvantaged female runners in their career progression. These conclusions would be difficult to substantiate without investigating the Kenyan press, a valuable source for anyone seeking to access information about the lives of the women who have contributed to Africa’s sport history.

scholarly journals The Rise of the Academies: Continuity or Change?

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Tolley
Keyword(s):  
Colonial Period ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Curricular Reform ◽  
Benjamin Franklin ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Benjamin Rush

In his book, The Age of the Academies, Theodore R. Sizer argued that academies represented a significant break from the relatively narrow schooling that had been previously available to students in the early Latin grammar schools. In his view, the proliferation of academies heralded a new age in education, one more reflective of the Enlightenment values promoted by such Republican leaders as Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, or Benjamin Rush. After thirty-five years of additional scholarship on academies, does Sizer's thesis still stand? This essay investigates the range of educational institutions that provided some form of advanced schooling to Americans just preceding and concurrent with the founding of the earliest academies. It examines the differences and similarities among a number of northern and southern early nineteenth-century schools in order to address the following question: to what extent did schools calling themselves academies represent a distinctly new turn in the history of American education? By clarifying the relations between the various types of institutions during the post-colonial period, I conclude that the historical significance of the early academy movement is broader than the intellectual or curricular reform discussed by Sizer.

scholarly journals The making of the central markets of Dakar and Kinshasa: from colonial origins to the post-colonial period

Urban History ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUCE BEECKMANS ◽  
LIORA BIGON
Keyword(s):  
Colonial Period ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Planning History ◽  
Urban Identity ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Spatial Production ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Sub Saharan

ABSTRACTThis article traces the planning history of two central marketplaces in sub-Saharan Africa, in Dakar and Kinshasa, from their French and Belgian colonial origins until the post-colonial period. In the (post-)colonial city, the marketplace has always been at the centre of contemporary debates on urban identity and spatial production. Using a rich variety of sources, this article makes a contribution to a neglected area of scholarship, as comparative studies on planning histories in sub-Saharan African cities are still rare. It also touches upon some key issues such as the multiple and often intricate processes of urban agency between local and foreign actors, sanitation and segregation, the different (post-)colonial planning cultures and their limits and the role of indigenous/intermediary groups in spatial contestation and reappropriation.

scholarly journals Islam and the Three Waves of Globalisation: The Southeast Asian Experience

ICR Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 666-684
Author(s):  
Osman Bakar
Keyword(s):  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The Third ◽  
Indonesian Archipelago ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second Wave

This article is intended to comment on the civilisational history of Islam in Southeast Asia. The history is explained and accounted for in terms of the three major waves of globalisation that have impacted the region since the arrival of Islam as early as the eleventh century. The first wave, itself initiated and dominated by Islam, was responsible for the introduction and establishment of Islam in the region to the point of becoming its most dominant civilisation. The expansion of Islam and its civilisation was in progress when the second wave hit the shores of the Malay-Indonesian Archipelago with the arrival of the Portuguese and other Western powers resulting in the colonisation of the region. The third wave, an American-dominated one, manifests itself in the post-colonial period which witnesses Southeast Asian Islam reasserting itself in various domains of public life. The author sees Southeast Asian Islam as the historical product of centuries-long civilisational encounters with the pre-Islamic indigenous cultures and civilisations and later between ‘Malay-Indonesian Islam’ and the newly arriving religions and cultures brought by both the colonial and post-colonial West, arguing that Islam in the region has been significantly impacted by each of the three waves.

DUTIFUL SUBJECTS, PATRIOTIC CITIZENS, AND THE CONCEPT OF ‘GOOD CITIZENSHIP’ IN TWENTIETH-CENTURY TANZANIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
EMMA HUNTER
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Political Society ◽  
Global History ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Good Citizenship ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACTThe growing interest in citizenship among political theorists over the last two decades has encouraged historians of twentieth-century Africa to ask new questions of the colonial and early post-colonial period. These questions have, however, often focused on differential access to the rights associated with the legal status of citizenship, paying less attention to the ways in which conceptions of citizenship were developed, debated, and employed. This article proposes that tracing the entangled intellectual history of the concept of ‘good citizenship’ in twentieth-century Tanzania, in a British imperial context, has the potential to provide new insights into the development of one national political culture, while also offering wider lessons for our understanding of the global history of political society.

An Exploration of Experiences of Female Participants in Power and Performance Sports

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Stacia Ming ◽  
Duncan Simpson ◽  
Daniel Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Women's Sport ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Societal Norms ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Personal Accounts

Throughout the history of sport, men have played a leading role in its organization, function, purpose, and exposition (Hargreaves, 2000). Women’s sport participation has drastically risen over the past 40 years and ample new opportunities have emerged within the sport realm for women, which are attributed to a collection of incentives, but chiefly resulting from the passage of Title IX (Coakley, 2009). Women are allowed to participate in physically intense, aggressive, and violent sports, often referred to as power and performance sports (Coakley, 2014), however, the occurrence of this form of sport involvement appears to run counterintuitive to traditionally accepted societal norms. Consequently, the intent of this research was to explore how female athletes experience, interpret, accept, tolerate, and or resist the presumed contradictory role adopted through participation in power and performance sports. For the purpose of this study, existential phenomenological interviews were conducted that yielded in-depth personal accounts of the lived experience of 12 female athletes ranging in age from 21 to 50, representing a variety of power and performance sports (i.e., rugby, ice hockey, jiu-jitsu, kenpo, muay thai, kendo, boxing, and mixed martial arts). Analysis of the transcripts revealed a total of 381 meaning units that were further grouped into subthemes and major themes. This led to the development of a final thematic structure revealing four major dimensions that characterized these athletes’ experiences of power and performance sports: Physicality, Mentality, Opportunity, and Attraction & Alliance.

Marwari business discourse

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kusum Dhanania ◽  
Sandhya Gopakumaran
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Resolution Method ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Business Discourse ◽  
History Of ◽  
Successful Business ◽  
Distinguishing Features

The aim of this article is to analyse the patterns of the business discourse of the Marwari community, one of the most successful business communities in India. Two specific business contexts — of the dispute situation and non-dispute situation — have been examined across the pre-colonial, the colonial and post-colonial period to gauge the Marwari responses to social, cultural and political changes in the history of India. The Marwari culture is synonymous with their business ethos. Migration, religion and family are factors that contribute to their distinct identity as a business community. Various observations made by business historians about the community have been examined through the lenses of communication and discourse to highlight the distinguishing features of the Marwari business ethos. The second part of the article examines the Marwari dispute resolution method as the secret behind the success of the Marwaris as a business community, when compared to the adversarial method of dispute resolution adopted by disputing parties at large in India. The concluding part of the paper recognizes certain ambivalences in the context of a confluence between the pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial methods of dispute resolutions in Marwari dispute resolution contexts in the globalization era in India.

scholarly journals On the economic thought of trade practices and policies in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (77) ◽  
pp. 187-207
Author(s):  
Socrates Kraido Majune ◽  
Davis Kimuli Mwania
Keyword(s):  
Economic Thought ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Trade Regimes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Trade Promotion ◽  
Classical Economic

This study explains trade regimes in Kenya from a History of Economic Thought (HET) perspective using secondary materials (books, papers, and original manuscripts). We found that the pre-colonial era (before 1895) had a mixture of Classical doctrines and Mercantilism, whereby long-distance and barter trade between communities were practiced. Nonetheless, certain communities restricted trade. Classical economic thought was practiced in the colonial period (1895-1962), whereby agricultural produce was exported and less expensive consumables were imported. The post-colonial period started with a Mercantilism approach (Importsubstitution), but successive regimes have promoted Classical doctrines of trade by reducing import and export barriers and creating trade-promotion institutions. Trade in services, which is topical in international trade, has also been promoted in this regime.

A Master Narrative for the History of Pakistan: Tracing the origins of an ideological agenda

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (04) ◽  
pp. 1066-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALI USMAN QASMI
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
History Textbooks ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Master Narrative ◽  
Muslim Identity ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Historical Texts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Set Up

AbstractThe demand for the creation of Pakistan was based on a historical narrative built around the centrality of the Muslim community in India and its distinctiveness in terms of religious beliefs, cultural traits, and historical traditions. A particular understanding of the past was, in other words, central to the idea of Pakistan. As a result, soon after independence in 1947, a group of eminent historians got together to set up the All Pakistan History Conference. It received official support and patronage as the new state was eager to shape a historical narrative that could strengthen the argument for a distinct Muslim identity. This article looks at the development of this historiography in Pakistan. Unlike existing studies on this topic, which simply point out the ‘flaws’ in the history textbooks used in Pakistan, I will argue that the dominant historical narrative to be found in these textbooks—or even in many scholarly works produced in Pakistan—is a form of master narrative that has a longer history that dates back to the colonial period. Drawing upon such sources as historical texts produced in Pakistan, recently declassified documents of the Cabinet Division, and proceedings of the All Pakistan History Conference, I will delineate the features of this master narrative, the intellectual history of ideas that shaped it from the colonial to the post-colonial period, and the political exegesis whereby it gained structural dominance in Pakistan that was replicated for intellectual, ideological, and statist projects.

Inclusion and Normalization of Queer Identities in Women’s College Sport

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mallory Mann ◽  
Vikki Krane
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Women's College ◽  
Women's Sport ◽  
College Sport ◽  
Sexual Identities ◽  
Optimistic Picture ◽  
History Of ◽  
College Team

While recent studies paint an optimistic picture of acceptance and inclusion of queer athletes, it would be naive to assume homonegativism no longer exists. In this study, we interviewed 13 queer female athletes to understand their college team sport climates and how heteronormativity is reinforced and confronted in women’s college sport. Using a feminist cultural studies approach, two types of team climates emerged from the data: inclusive climates and transitioning climates. On inclusive teams, queer and heterosexual members overtly communicated their norm of inclusion to new teammates, normalized diverse sexualities, and consistently engaged in inclusive behaviors. Transitioning teams were described as neither inclusive nor hostile initially, and, while they did not have a history of inclusion, they transitioned to becoming more outwardly accepting of diverse sexual identities. On transitioning teams, queer athletes surveyed the landscape before sharing their sexual orientation, after which the team evolved to become inclusive. All the athletes talked about awkward moments, occasional incidents of nonsupport, and the benefits of inclusion. These findings reveal emerging cracks in hegemonic heteronormativity in women’s sport, especially among athletes.

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