HOW TO THINK THEOLOGICALLY ABOUT RIGHTS

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Hauerwas
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
The Body ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
First Order ◽  
Simone Weil ◽  
Moral Duties

AbstractIn this essay I offer a nuanced account of my critique of “rights” language. I argue that my primary concern is not to discount the usefulness of rights language in contemporary expressions of legal and moral duties. Rather my concern is with the overreliance on rights language such that it guards a society from acknowledging prior claims to a common good. Rights language has become too powerful when appeals to rights threatens to replace first-order moral descriptions in a manner that makes us less able to make the moral discriminations that we depend upon to be morally wise. Finally, I turn to Simone Weil and Rowan Williams, who both turn to the body to suggest a more constructive way for thinking about rights as attending to the body, which forces us to attend to contingency. Human contingency can help us resist abstractions that fail to properly account for and address bodily needs.

Analysis of the First Order and Slowly Varying Motions of an Axisymmetric Floating Body in Bichromatic Waves

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
João Pessoa ◽  
Nuno Fonseca ◽  
C. Guedes Soares
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Cylinder ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Second Order ◽  
The Body ◽  
Floating Body ◽  
Drift Motion ◽  
First Order ◽  
Motion Responses ◽  
Simple Geometry ◽  
Good Agreement

The paper presents an experimental and numerical investigation on the motions of a floating body of simple geometry subjected to harmonic and biharmonic waves. The experiments were carried out in three different water depths representing shallow and deep water. The body is axisymmetric about the vertical axis, like a vertical cylinder with a rounded bottom, and it is kept in place with a soft mooring system. The experimental results include the first order motion responses, the steady drift motion offset in regular waves and the slowly varying motions due to second order interaction in biharmonic waves. The hydrodynamic problem is solved numerically with a second order boundary element method. The results show a good agreement of the numerical calculations with the experiments.

Irregular Frequency Removal and Convergence in Higher-Order BEM for Wave Diffraction/Radiation Analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoaki Utsunomiya
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Wave Diffraction ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diffraction Radiation ◽  
First Order ◽  
Irregular Frequency ◽  
Intersection Line ◽  
Order Quantities ◽  
Drift Forces

Abstract Higher-order boundary element method (HOBEM) for wave diffraction/radiation analysis is a powerful tool for its applicability to a general (curved) geometry. Inspired by the paper which examined the convergence of BIE code with constant panels (Martic, et al., 2018; OMAE2018-77999), the convergence characteristics of HOBEM with quadrilateral panels have been examined. Here, the effect of removal of irregular frequencies is particularly focused as discussed by Martic, et al. (2018). The irregular frequency removal has been made by the rigid-lid method which is applicable to HOBEM, where the intersection line between the body-surface and the free-surface should be carefully handled. The results show that for first order quantities the convergence is quite good for both cases with/without irregular frequency removal (except where the irregular frequencies affect for the case without irregular frequency removal). For mean drift forces, the convergence becomes poor particularly for the case without irregular frequency removal. The convergence characteristics are examined and some discussions are made.

Movement paths in operating hand-held tools: tests of distal-shift hypotheses

2013 ◽  
Vol 109 (11) ◽  
pp. 2680-2690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Sülzenbrück ◽  
Herbert Heuer
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
First Order ◽  
Dynamic Transformation ◽  
Movement Characteristics ◽  
Effective Part

Extending the body with a tool could imply that characteristics of hand movements become characteristics of the movement of the effective part of the tool. Recent research suggests that such distal shifts are subject to boundary conditions. Here we propose the existence of three constraints: a strategy constraint, a constraint of movement characteristics, and a constraint of mode of control. We investigate their validity for the curvature of transverse movements aimed at a target while using a sliding first-order lever. Participants moved the tip of the effort arm of a real or virtual lever to control a cursor representing movements of the tip of the load arm of the lever on a monitor. With this tool, straight transverse hand movements are associated with concave curvature of the path of the tip of the tool. With terminal visual feedback and when targets were presented for the hand, hand paths were slightly concave in the absence of the dynamic transformation of the tool and slightly convex in its presence. When targets were presented for the tip of the lever, both the concave and convex curvatures of the hand paths became stronger. Finally, with continuous visual feedback of the tip of the lever, curvature of hand paths became convex and concave curvature of the paths of the tip of the lever was reduced. In addition, the effect of the dynamic transformation on curvature was attenuated. These findings support the notion that distal shifts are subject to at least the three proposed constraints.

scholarly journals Doing nothing does something: Embodiment and data in the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 205395172093393
Author(s):  
Mickey Vallee
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Media Studies ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Current Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Critical Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Common ◽  
A Current

The COVID-19 pandemic redefines how we think about the body, physiologically and socially. But what does it mean to have and to be a body in the COVID-19 pandemic? The COVID-19 pandemic offers data scholars the unique opportunity, and perhaps obligation, to revisit and reinvent the fundamental concepts of our mediated experiences. The article critiques the data double, a longstanding concept in critical data and media studies, as incompatible with the current public health and social distancing imperative. The data double, instead, is now the presupposition of a new data entity, which will emerge out of a current data shimmer: a long-sustaining transition that blurs the older boundaries of bodies and the social, and establishes new ethical boundaries around the (in)activity and (im)mobility of doing nothing to do something. The data double faces a unique dynamic in the COVID-19 pandemic between boredom and exhaustion. Following the currently simple rule to stay home presents data scholars the opportunity to revisit the meaning of data as something given, a shimmering embodied relationship with data that contributes to the common good in a global health crisis.

A nonlinear unsteady one-dimensional theory for wings in extreme ground effect

1980 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. O. Tuck
Keyword(s):  
Ground Effect ◽  
Vortex Sheet ◽  
Unsteady Motion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Order Ordinary Differential Equation ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
First Order ◽  
Gap Flow ◽  
Normal Distance ◽  
Special Case

Flow induced by a body moving near a plane wall is analysed on the assumption that the normal distance from the wall of every point of the body is small compared to the body length. The flow is irrotational except for the vortex sheet representing the wake. The gap-flow problem in the case of unsteady motion is reduced to a nonlinear first-order ordinary differential equation in the time variable. In the special case of steady flow, some known results are recovered and generalized. As an illustration of the unsteady theory, the problem is solved of a flat plate falling toward the ground under its own weight, while moving forward at uniform speed.

Waves and wave resistance of thin bodies moving at low speed: the free-surface nonlinear effect

1975 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Dagan
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Froude Number ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
Perturbation Expansion ◽  
Wave Resistance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thin Body ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
First Order ◽  
Flow Past

The linearized theory of free-surface gravity flow past submerged or floating bodies is based on a perturbation expansion of the velocity potential in the slenderness parameter e with the Froude number F kept fixed. It is shown that, although the free-wave amplitude and the associated wave resistance tend to zero as F → 0, the linearized solution is not uniform in this limit: the ratio between the second- and first-order terms becomes unbounded as F → 0 with ε fixed. This non-uniformity (called ‘the second Froude number paradox’ in previous work) is related to the nonlinearity of the free-surface condition. Criteria for uniformity of the thin-body expansion, combining ε and F, are derived for two-dimensional flows. These criteria depend on the shape of the leading (and trailing) edge: as the shape becomes finer the linearized solution becomes valid for smaller F.Uniform first-order approximations for two-dimensional flow past submerged bodies are derived with the aid of the method of co-ordinate straining. The straining leads to an apparent displacement of the most singular points of the body contour (the leading and trailing edges for a smooth shape) and, therefore, to an apparent change in the effective Froude number.

ORIENTATION OF SYMMETRIC BODIES FALLING IN A SECOND-ORDER LIQUID AT NONZERO REYNOLDS NUMBER

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1653-1690 ◽  
Author(s):  
GIOVANNI P. GALDI ◽  
ASHWIN VAIDYA ◽  
MILAN POKORNÝ ◽  
DANIEL D. JOSEPH ◽  
JIMMY FENG
Keyword(s):  
Prolate Spheroid ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Second Order ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Of Revolution ◽  
Translational Velocity ◽  
Homogeneous Body ◽  
First Order ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Elasticity Number

We study the steady translational fall of a homogeneous body of revolution around an axis a, with fore-and-aft symmetry, in a second-order liquid at nonzero Reynolds (Re) and Weissenberg (We) numbers. We show that, at first order in these parameters, only two orientations are allowed, namely, those with a either parallel or perpendicular to the direction of the gravity g. In both cases the translational velocity is parallel to g. The stability of the orientations can be described in terms of a critical value E c for the elasticity number E = We/Re , where E c depends only on the geometric properties of the body, such as size or shape, and on the quantity (Ψ1 + Ψ2)/Ψ1, where Ψ1 and Ψ2 are the first and second normal stress coefficients. These results are then applied to the case when the body is a prolate spheroid. Our analysis shows, in particular, that there is no tilt-angle phenomenon at first order in Re and We.

Diffusion and chemical reaction velocity in cylindrical and spherical systems of physiological interest

1952 ◽  
Vol 214 (1119) ◽  
pp. 564-564 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Infinite Medium ◽  
Zero Order ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Capillaries ◽  
Reaction Velocity ◽  
First Order

Equations are developed for the rate of penetration of a substance into (or egress from) the zone included between two coaxial cylinders. In the most general case the penetrating substance is assumed to engage in diffusion, a chemical reaction of the first order and a zero-order reaction (e. g. metabolism). The rate of elimination of nitrogen from the tissues into the blood capillaries is considered as an example of diffusion alone, without any accompanying chemical reactions. Application of the simplified equations to this case strongly supports the view that the rate of elimination of nitrogen from the body when breathing oxygen is not conditioned by diffusion factors, but depends only on the volume of the various systems of the body and the rate of blood flow through them. The rate of passage of carbon monoxide from the blood to the myoglobin of red mammalian muscles is next considered as an example of diffusion accompanied by a first-order chemical reaction velocity. Calculations for resting and active muscles indicate that in the latter case certainly, and in the former case probably, the rate of up take of carbon monoxide by the red muscles should be fast enough to affect appreciably the measurement of blood volume by the carbon monoxide method. Millikan’s experiments on the rates of change of oxymyglobin concentration in the resting soleus muscle of the cat are used as an example of the most general case, in which diffusion and chemical reactions, both of first order and zero order, are all involved. The application of the equations of this paper to his data are shown to lead to reasonable conclusions as to the number of open blood capillaries in the resting soleus muscle. Similar equations, with examples, are also developed for the case of a cylinder suspended in an infinite medium and for a sphere suspended in an infinite medium.

Higher-Order Solutions for Unsteady Hypersonic and Supersonic Flow

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
W H Hui ◽  
J Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Mach Number ◽  
Supersonic Flow ◽  
Power Series ◽  
Unsteady Flow ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wedge Flow ◽  
First Order ◽  
Order Solution ◽  
Method Of Solution

SummaryThe problem of unsteady hypersonic and supersonic flow with attached shock wave past wedge-like bodies is studied, using as a basis the assumption that the unsteady flow is a small perturbation from a steady uniform wedge flow. It is formulated in the most general case and applicable for any motion or deformation of the body. A method of solution to the perturbation equations is given by expanding the flow quantities in power series in M−2, M being the Mach number of the steady wedge flow. It is shown how solutions of successive orders in the series may be calculated. In particular, the second-order solution is given and shown to give improvements uniformly over the first-order solution.

scholarly journals The knowledge of disembodied souls: Epistemology, body, and social embeddedness in the eschatological doctrine of later sixteenth-century German Lutherans

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-213
Author(s):  
Gábor Ittzés
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Popular Religion ◽  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Embeddedness ◽  
Individual Identity ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Knowledge Of God

In the wake of their rejection of purgatory Protestants had to rethink their eschatological views. The German Lutherans of the latter half of the sixteenth century developed a robust doctrine of the last things, including a teaching on what departed souls know prior to the resurrection. Following an overview of the sources and a brief reconstruction of the overall locus, this article focuses on an analysis of what and how disembodied souls are claimed to know. The evidence holds some surprises. First, while more than lip-service is certainly paid to the ways of knowing God, the authors’ real interest lies in the exploration of interpersonal relationships. Their primary concern is how other human beings, whether still on earth or already departed, may be known and what may be known about them. The implications are threefold. Knowledge of God and knowledge of human beings—ultimately, knowledge of self—are intertwined. Anthropology takes centre-stage, and ontology is thus superseded by epistemology. In all this, the body is never relinquished. The apparently unconscious importation of sensory language and conceptualisation of sense-based experience permeate the discussion of ostensibly disembodied knowledge. Knowing, for our authors, is ultimately a function of the body even if this means ‘packing’ bodily functions into the soul. In this doctrine, which may have had its roots in patristics but which has also demonstrably absorbed impulses from popular religion, knowledge of God is not only deeply connected with individual identity but also exhibits indelible social features and is inseparable from the (re)constitution of community.

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