scholarly journals The effect of changing the moisture levels of dry extruded and wet canned diets on physical activity in cats

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Thomas ◽  
M. Post ◽  
G. Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Urine Production ◽  
Average Activity ◽  
Dry Diet

AbstractObesity levels in cats are increasing and the main causative factor is higher energy intake v. energy expenditure over time. Therefore, altering energy expenditure by enhancing physical activity of the cat could be a strategy to reduce obesity. Hydrating commercial dry diets with water increased activity in cats; however, no study has compared this approach with feeding high-moisture canned diets. Eight healthy male neutered domestic shorthair cats were fed four different dietary treatments in a Latin square design. Treatments were a canned diet ‘as is’ (82 % moisture) and freeze-dried (4 %), a dry diet ‘as is’ (3 %) and with added water (70 %). Cat activity was measured continuously using Actical® accelerometers. Cats were group housed during the first 14 d of each period and then moved to individual cages for 7 d with faecal and urine production measured over the final 4 d. Intake was similar for each diet. The average activity over 24 h was not different between treatments (P > 0·05). However, the ratio between average activity during the day v. at night was higher when cats were fed the dry diet (P = 0·030). Total water intake and urine volume increased when the canned diet was fed (P < 0·001). The similarity in total activity of the cats on the treatments indicates that dietary moisture or diet type did not have a major effect on these cats. However, the stronger diurnal activity patterns observed in the cats when they were fed the dry diet are intriguing and require further study.

Physical Activity Patterns of Free Living Dogs Diagnosed with Osteoarthritis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne H Lee ◽  
Katelyn B Detweiler ◽  
Tisha A Harper ◽  
Kim E Knap ◽  
Maria R C de Godoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Activity Count ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Activity Monitors ◽  
Average Activity

Abstract Osteoarthritis (OA) affects about 90% of dogs &gt; 5 yr of age in the US, resulting in reduced range of motion, difficulty climbing and jumping, reduced physical activity, and lower quality of life. Our objective was to use activity monitors to measure physical activity and identify how activity counts correlate with age, body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), serum inflammatory markers, veterinarian pain assessment, and owner perception of pain in free-living dogs with OA. The University of Illinois Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approved the study and owner consent was received prior to experimentation. Fifty-six client-owned dogs (mean age = 7.8 yr; mean BCS = 6.1) with clinical signs and veterinary diagnosis of OA wore HeyRex activity collars continuously over a 49-d period. Blood samples were collected on d 0 and 49, and dog owners completed canine brief pain inventory (CBPI) and Liverpool osteoarthritis in dogs (LOAD) surveys on d 0, 21, 35, and 49. All data were analyzed using SAS 9.3 using repeated measures and R Studio 1.0.136 was used to generate Pearson correlation coefficients between data outcomes. Average activity throughout the study demonstrated greater activity levels on weekends. It also showed that 24-h activity spiked twice daily, once in the morning and another in the afternoon. Serum C-reactive protein concentration was lower (P &lt; 0.01) at d 49 compared to d 0. Survey data indicated lower (P &lt; 0.05) overall pain intensity and severity score on d 21, 35 and 49 compared to d 0. BW was correlated with average activity counts (p=0.02; r=-0.12) and run activity (p=0.10; r=-0.24). Weekend average activity counts were correlated with owner pain intensity scores (p=0.0813; r=-0.2311), but weekday average activity count was not. Age was not correlated with total activity count, sleep activity, or run activity, but it was correlated with scratch (p=0.03; r=-0.10), alert (p=0.03; r=-0.13) and walk (p=0.09; r=-0.23) activities. Total activity counts and activity type (sleep, scratch, alert, walk, run) were not correlated with pain scored by veterinarians, pain intensity or severity scored by owners, or baseline BCS. Even though the lack of controls and/or information on the individual living conditions of dogs resulted in a high level of variability in this study, our data suggest that the use of activity monitors have the potential to aid in the management of OA and other conditions affecting activity (e.g., allergy; anxiety).

scholarly journals Daily Physical Activity Patterns: A Window on Cognitive Decline in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 445-445
Author(s):  
Fangyu Liu ◽  
Hang Wang ◽  
Jacek Urbanek ◽  
Yang An ◽  
Eleanor Simonsick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Daily Physical Activity ◽  
Baltimore Longitudinal Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Reduced Activity ◽  
Normal Cognition

Abstract Gradual disengagement from essential daily physical activity (PA) necessary for independent living could signal present or emerging mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We used BLSA data to examine whether PA patterns including: 1) total activity counts/day, 2) minutes/day spent active, and 3) activity fragmentation (reciprocal of the mean active bout length) differs between participants with adjudicated normal cognition (n=498) and MCI/AD diagnoses (n=32). Linear models were used and adjusted for demographics, APOE-e4 status, morbidity, and gait speed. Compared to those with normal cognition, those with MCI/AD had 3.0% higher activity fragmentation (SE=1.1%, p=0.006) but similar mean total activity counts/day (p=0.08) and minutes/day spent active (p=0.19). Results suggest that activity fragmentation may arise as a compensatory strategy in the absence of reduced activity in MCI and early AD and that activity monitoring may be potentially useful for detecting MCI and AD at an earlier stage.

scholarly journals Potential contribution of leisure activity to the energy expenditure patterns of sedentary populations

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. E. Livingstone ◽  
J. J. Strain ◽  
A. M. Prentice ◽  
W. A. Coward ◽  
G. B. Nevin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Uk

Total daily energy expenditure (TEE) by the doubly-labelled (2H218O) water method and basal metabolic rate (BMR) by indirect calorimetry were measured in thirty-two healthy free-living adults in Northern Ireland. Habitual physical activity patterns in occupational and discretionary activities were assessed by interview questionnaire. Expressed as a multiple of BMR the TEE values for the sixteen males (1.88 (sd 0.28), range 1.44–2.57) and sixteen females (1.77 (sd 0.16), range 1.50–2.06) were compatible with current Department of Health and Social Security (DHSS; 1979) and Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization/United Nations University (FAO/WHO/UNU; 1985) estimates of energy requirements. The results suggest that discretionary physical activity is now emerging as an equally important determinant of energy expenditure in the UK as the occupational classifications currently used as the basis of DHSS (1979) and FAO/WHO/UNU (1985) recommendations for energy requirements. Therefore, realistically achievable inputs of recreational exercise can have a significant impact in counteracting low levels of energy expenditure which are associated with modern lifestyles and are implicated as a risk factor for coronary heart disease and obesity.

scholarly journals Does consuming breakfast influence activity levels? An experiment into the effect of breakfast consumption on eating habits and energy expenditure

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis G Halsey ◽  
Jörg W Huber ◽  
Tzetze Low ◽  
Chinwe Ibeawuchi ◽  
Polly Woodruff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Breakfast Consumption ◽  
Breakfast Skipping

AbstractObjectiveTo experimentally compare the effects of eating or skipping breakfast on energy expenditure, activity levels and dietary habits.DesignA randomised cross-over trial, lasting 2 weeks. Participants were provided breakfast during one week and were required to fast until mid-day during the other week.SettingUniversity campus.SubjectsForty-nine participants (twenty-six female and twenty-three male participants) were recruited. Food intake was monitored using food diaries, and energy expenditure was assessed using pedometers and heart rate monitors. Morningness–eveningness, physical activity and health were assessed using validated questionnaires.ResultsAcross all participants, daily energy expenditure did not differ between the two experimental conditions. Total energy intake over 24 h did not vary with condition (male participants: 8134 (sd447) kJ/d and 7514 (sd368) kJ/d; female participants: 7778 (sd410) kJ/d and 7531 (sd535) kJ/d, for the breakfast and no-breakfast conditions, respectively). However, when comparing habitual breakfast eaters with those with irregular or breakfast-skipping habits, it was found that male non-habitual breakfast eaters consumed significantly (P= 0·029) more energy during the breakfast condition. Furthermore, female participants who were habitual breakfast eaters were found to eat significantly (P= 0·005) more and later in the day under the no-breakfast condition.ConclusionsAlthough the suggestion that breakfast is a behavioural marker for appropriate dietary and physical activity patterns is not refuted by the present findings, our data suggest that the effect of breakfast may vary as a function of gender and morning eating habits, and thus there may be other mechanisms that link BMI and breakfast consumption behaviour.

The Physical Activity Patterns of Northern Irish Schoolchildren Ages 11–16 Years

1991 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Riddoch ◽  
Craig Mahoney ◽  
Niamh Murphy ◽  
Colin Boreham ◽  
Gordon Cran
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Vigorous Activity ◽  
Northern Irish ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Fitness ◽  
Physical Activity Patterns ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to provide objective data on the cardiopulmonary fitness and physical activity patterns of Northern Irish postprimary schoolchildren. Forty-five children (23 boys, 22 girls), ages 11-16 years, took part in this study. Each child performed a laboratory test of peak aerobic power (PVO2) and had his/her heart rate monitored for up to 4 school days. The mean values of PVO2 in both boys and girls were in keeping with previous literature. No significant difference was observed between boys and girls in terms of total activity (>50% PVO2), but boys engaged in significantly more vigorous activity (>70% PVO2 than girls did (p<0.05). Younger boys engaged in significantly more vigorous activity than both older boys (p<0.01) and younger girls (p<0.05). A significant negative correlation was found between age and total activity for boys (r= −0.476, p<0.05), but not for girls (r= -0.173, n.s.). The surprisingly low levels of physical activity on the part of older children of both sexes are a cause for concern.

scholarly journals Body composition and physical activity in New Zealand Maori, Pacific and European children aged 5–14 years

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 1133-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine C. Rush ◽  
Lindsay D. Plank ◽  
Peter S. W. Davies ◽  
Patsy Watson ◽  
Clare R. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
The Body ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water

Body fatness and the components of energy expenditure in children aged 5–14 years were investigated. In a group of seventy-nine healthy children (thirty-nine female, forty male), mean age 10·0 (sd 2·8) years, comprising twenty-seven Maori, twenty-six Pacific Island and twenty-six European, total energy expenditure (TEE) was determined over 10 d using the doubly-labelled water method. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) was measured by indirect calorimetry and physical activity level (PAL) was calculated as TEE:RMR. Fat-free mass (FFM), and hence fat mass, was derived from the 18O-dilution space using appropriate values for FFM hydration in children. Qualitative information on physical activity patterns was obtained by questionnaire. Maori and Pacific children had a higher BMI than European children (P<0·003), but % body fat was similar for the three ethnic groups. The % body fat increased with age for girls (r 0·42, P=0·008), but not for boys. Ethnicity was not a significant predictor of RMR adjusted for FFM and fat mass. TEE and PAL, adjusted for body weight and age, were higher in Maori than European children (P<0·02), with Pacific children having intermediate values. PAL was inversely correlated with % body fat in boys (r −0·43, P=0·006), but was not significantly associated in girls. The % body fat was not correlated with reported time spent inactive or outdoors. Ethnic-related differences in total and activity-related energy expenditure that might account for higher obesity rates in Maori and Pacific children were not seen. Low levels of physical activity were associated with increased body fat in boys but not in girls.

Differences of energy expenditure and physical activity patterns in subjects with various degrees of obesity

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 766-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf Elbelt ◽  
Tatjana Schuetz ◽  
Isabelle Hoffmann ◽  
Matthias Pirlich ◽  
Christian Joseph Strasburger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Physical Activity Patterns

Size Counts: Evolutionary Perspectives on Physical Activity and Body Size From Early Hominids to Modern Humans

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (s3) ◽  
pp. S284-S298 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Subsistence Level ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
Early Hominids ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics ◽  
Dramatic Rise

This paper examines the evolutionary origins of human dietary and activity patterns, and their implications for understanding modern health problems. Humans have evolved distinctive nutritional characteristics associated the high metabolic costs of our large brains. The evolution of larger hominid brain size necessitated the adoption of foraging strategies that both provided high quality foods, and required larger ranges and activity budgets. Over time, human subsistence strategies have become ever more efficient in obtaining energy with minimal time and effort. Today, populations of the industrialized world live in environments characterized by low levels of energy expenditure and abundant food supplies contributing to growing rates of obesity. Analyses of trends in dietary intake and body weight in the US over the last 50 years indicate that the dramatic rise in obesity cannot be explained solely by increased energy consumption. Rather, declines in activity are also important. Further, we find that recent recommendations on physical activity have the potential to bring daily energy expenditure levels of industrialized societies surprisingly close to those observed among subsistence-level populations. These findings highlight the importance of physical activity in promoting nutritional health and show the utility of evolutionary approaches for developing public health recommendations.

scholarly journals The Associations of Activity Fragmentation With Physical and Mental Fatigability Among Community-Dwelling 75-, 80-, and 85-Year-Old People

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. e103-e110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotta Palmberg ◽  
Timo Rantalainen ◽  
Merja Rantakokko ◽  
Laura Karavirta ◽  
Sini Siltanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Transition Probability ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Old People ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Background Fatigue related to task standardized by duration and intensity, termed fatigability, could manifest as shortening of activity bouts throughout the day causing daily activity to accumulate in a more fragmented pattern. Our purpose was to study the association of activity fragmentation with physical and mental dimensions of fatigability. Methods A cross-sectional study of 485 community-dwelling 75-, 80-, and 85-year-old people using a thigh-worn accelerometer for 3–7 days. Activity fragmentation was studied as Active-to-Sedentary Transition Probability for 2 operational definitions of physical activity: accelerations equivalent to at least light physical activity and for upright posture. Physical fatigability was assessed as perceived exertion fatigability, performance fatigability severity, and with the Physical Fatigue Subscale of the Situational Fatigue Scale. Mental fatigability was assessed with the Mental Fatigue Subscale of the Situational Fatigue Scale and as a decrease in perceived mental alertness after a 6-minute walk test. Results Higher activity fragmentation was associated with higher self-reported physical fatigability, perceived exertion fatigability, and performance fatigability severity, independent of total activity minutes (β = 0.13–0.33, p &lt; .05 for all). Higher activity fragmentation was not associated with mental fatigability in the fully adjusted models. The associations with fatigability indices were similar for both activity fragmentation indicators. Associations of activity fragmentation and performance fatigability severity were similar also among those with the highest intensity-based physical activity volume. Conclusions The findings provide support that studying fragmented activity patterns can be useful in identifying those at risk for high fatigability, even among those with relatively high physical activity level.

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