scholarly journals Quitting Without Reporting Having Tried: Findings From a National Survey

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Brown ◽  
Eleni Vangeli ◽  
Jennifer A. Fidler ◽  
Tobias Raupach ◽  
Robert West
Keyword(s):  
National Survey ◽  
Common Reason ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
The Past ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
The Future ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Do So

Background: It is assumed that smokers rarely quit without ‘attempting’ to do so but the assumption does not appear to have been adequately tested. This study assessed the prevalence of reporting having stopped without reporting a quit attempt and the reasons given for this discrepancy.Methods: Data were collected from ex-smokers who said they had quit within the last 12 months during nationally representative household surveys conducted monthly between 2006–12.Results: Of the 1,892 ex-smokers who said that they had quit within the last 12 months, 13.9% (95%CI = 12.4%–15.5%) reported having made no serious quit attempts in that period. In a sub-group of 24 smokers who were asked why they had reported stopping without also reporting an attempt, nine cited inconsistency over timing; three reported stopping without attempting to do so; four did not consider it an ‘attempt’ because they had succeeded; and six had not ruled out the occasional cigarette in the future.Conclusions: A substantial minority of people who report having stopped in the past year may fail to report a corresponding quit attempt. However, quitting smoking without considering that one has tried appears to be rare. Instead, the most common reason for the discrepancy is inconsistent reporting of the timing of quit attempts.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Smoking and Impact of Pictorial Health Warning on Quit Attempts Among Youths in Bhaktapur, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 27s-27s
Author(s):  
B. Dhungel ◽  
K. Basnet
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Warnings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Warning ◽  
The Past ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
The Impact

Background: Nepal for the first time implemented laws regarding the pictorial health warnings in April 2014 regardless of an unsuccessful challenge that was set up by the tobacco industry in 2011. Results from several studies have shown that health warnings on cigarette packages have been helpful in warning smokers as well as nonsmokers regarding the harms of cigarette smoking, encouraging smokers to quit and also preventing nonsmokers from starting to smoke. Aim: The objective of this study was to find the impact of pictorial health warning on quit attempts. Methods: An explanatory cross-sectional study was conducted among youths aged 15-24 years in Suryabinayak-5, Bhaktapur with probability systematic random sampling technique using self-administered questionnaire. Results: Half (50%) of the respondents first tried smoking at the age of 16 or older. Seventeen percent of the respondents smoked cigarettes either occasionally or regularly during the past 30 days. Most of the respondents (91%) have not tried smokeless tobacco products ever in their life. Sixty-seven percent of the respondents had noticed PHW on cigarette packages during the past 30 days. One fourth (21.8%) respondents made an quit attempt due to PHW during the past 12 months and their maximum duration of abstinence during the last quit attempt was more than a week but less than a month. From the study it is found that there is statistically significant association between noticing pictorial health warning and thought about quitting smoking or intention about not starting smoking. Conclusion: Pictorial warnings effectively increased peoples quitting intentions, attempts as well as relinquishing cigarettes. Our findings suggest that implementing 90% pictorial health warnings on cigarette packs in Nepal would discourage smoking.

One Hundred and Fifty Years of Teubner Texts

1961 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-171
Author(s):  
Bruno Doer
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Publishing Firm ◽  
The Past ◽  
Classical Studies ◽  
Look Back ◽  
The Future ◽  
Do So ◽  
A Share

It is always agreeable to offer congratulations to someone who is celebrating a jubilee. It is a particular pleasure to do so when the ‘child’ whose birthday it is can look back over 150 years of existence, and all those who have a share in the jubilee may reflect that the thanks for the achievements of the past and wishes for the future serve the cause of publicity. For no one who sets out to discuss the state of classical studies in Germany can, or should, fail to mention the Leipzig publishing firm of B. G. Teubner. Here publishing and scholarship have in the past century and a half formed an indissoluble partnership which has made it its duty to provide the best texts for use in the study of classical antiquity.

Effects of an 80% cigarette price increase on quit attempts, successful quitting and smoking intensity among Korean adult smokers: results from nationally representative longitudinal panel data

2020 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2019-055518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boram Lee ◽  
Dong-Chul Seo
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Cigarette Price ◽  
Smoking Intensity ◽  
Cigarette Tax ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Korean Adult ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Nationally Representative

ObjectivesSouth Korea implemented an unprecedented cigarette tax increase in 2015, raising its cigarette price by 80%. This study evaluated the extent to which the 2015 cigarette tax increase affected Korean adult smokers in terms of quit attempts, successful quitting and smoking intensity.MethodsData were drawn from a nationally representative longitudinal study, the Korean Welfare Panel Study (waves 9–12, 2014–2017). Korean adults who smoked before the 2015 cigarette tax increase comprised the sample (n=2114). We used the multiple logistic regressions to examine factors of quit attempts and successful quitting and the generalised estimating equations to estimate changes in smoking intensity among continued smokers.ResultsAfter the cigarette tax increase, 60.9% (n=1334) of baseline smokers attempted to quit and 34.7% of the attempters succeeded in quitting. The smokers aged ≥65 years and light smokers both attempted more (p<0.01) and succeeded more (p<0.05) in quitting than smokers aged 35–44 years and heavy smokers, respectively. The successful quitting was not significantly associated with income levels. Depressive symptoms, first cigarette use before age 19 and smoking a pack or more a day at baseline were associated with failures in quitting. Smoking intensity among continued smokers decreased after the cigarette tax increase (p<0.001), but such a decrease was not observed in light smokers, young smokers and high-income smokers.ConclusionThe current study findings imply that the Korean government may consider implementing periodic increases in cigarette tax which should reflect the rate of inflation and income growth. Smoking cessation programmes need to address depressive symptoms.

scholarly journals Understanding the Association Between Spontaneous Quit Attempts and Improved Smoking Cessation Success Rates: A Population Survey in England With 6-Month Follow-up

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1460-1467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Garnett ◽  
Lion Shahab ◽  
Tobias Raupach ◽  
Robert West ◽  
Jamie Brown
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Past ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Adjusted Model

Abstract Introduction Almost half of smoking quit attempts are “spontaneous” (initiated as soon as the decision to quit has been made) and are associated with increased success rates. This study aimed to assess to what extent other factors may account for this association. Methods Data were used from respondents to a survey representative of the adult population in England from 2006 to 2016. We included 2018 respondents who were current smokers at baseline and had attempted to quit between baseline and 6-month follow-up. Logistic regression models assessed the association between quit success and spontaneous quit attempts while adjusting for smoking, sociodemographic, and quit attempt characteristics. Results Spontaneous quit attempts were associated with greater odds of quit success (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.07 to 1.60) but the association was not significant in the fully adjusted model (ORadj = 1.19, 95% CI = 0.95 to 1.49). In this adjusted model, those who attempted to quit without cutting down first (ORadj = 3.08, 95% CI = 2.46 to 3.88) and were male (ORadj = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.16 to 1.80) had greater odds of success; although a greater number of attempts in the past 6 months, stronger urges to smoke (strong vs. none), higher daily cigarette consumption, and lower social grade (E vs. AB) were associated with lower odds of success (ORadj range = 0.32–0.98, p &lt; .030). Quit attempts made without cutting down first were correlated with spontaneous quit attempts (r = .150, p &lt; .001) and appeared to account for the diminished association between spontaneous quitting and success (ORadj = 1.18, 95% CI = 0.96 to 1.46). Conclusions The increased success rate of spontaneous quit attempts appears to be because spontaneous quit attempts are more likely to be made without cutting down first. Implications The apparent benefit of spontaneous over planned quit attempts may be attributable to the former being more likely to involve quitting without cutting down first (ie, abrupt cessation) than cutting down first (ie, gradual cessation) and so this may be a more useful target for advice to improve the chances of successful quitting.

scholarly journals Individuals’ Experiences with Religious Hostility, Discrimination, and Violence: Findings from a New National Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 237802312096781
Author(s):  
Christopher P. Scheitle ◽  
Elaine Howard Ecklund
Keyword(s):  
National Survey ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
National Origin ◽  
Violent Victimization ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Religious Minority ◽  
The Past ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
Nationally Representative

While concerns about the consequences of anti-Semitism, Islamophobia, and other forms of religious bias have grown in the past several years, the data available to examine these issues have been limited. This study utilizes new data from a nationally representative survey of U.S. adults featuring oversamples of key religious minority groups and an instrument dedicated to measuring the extent to which individuals experience hostility, discrimination, and violence due to their religion. Findings show that, while a sizable minority of Christian adults report such experiences, a much greater share of Muslim and Jewish adults report experiences with interpersonal hostility, organizational discrimination, and violent victimization due to their religion. Analyses show that these patterns are largely unchanged after accounting for individuals’ race and ethnicity, national origin, and other characteristics, suggesting that experiences with religious hostility are not epiphenomenal to other social locations.

scholarly journals Quitting behaviours and cessation methods used in eight European Countries in 2018: findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii26-iii33
Author(s):  
Sophia Papadakis ◽  
Paraskevi Katsaounou ◽  
Christina N Kyriakos ◽  
James Balmford ◽  
Chara Tzavara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Intentions To Quit ◽  
Near Future ◽  
European Union Member States

Abstract Background We examined quit attempts, use of cessation assistance, quitting beliefs and intentions among smokers who participated in the 2018 International Tobacco Control (ITC) Europe Surveys in eight European Union Member States (England, Germany, Greece, Hungary, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania and Spain). Methods Cross-sectional data from 11 543 smokers were collected from Wave 2 of the ITC Six European Country (6E) Survey (Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Spain—2018), the ITC Netherlands Survey (the Netherlands—late 2017) and the Four Countries Smoking and Vaping (4CV1) Survey (England—2018). Logistic regression was used to examine associations between smokers’ characteristics and recent quit attempts. Results Quit attempts in the past 12 months were more frequently reported by respondents in the Netherlands (33.0%) and England (29.3%) and least frequently in Hungary (11.5%), Greece (14.7%), Poland (16.7%) and Germany (16.7%). With the exception of England (35.9%), the majority (56–84%) of recent quit attempts was unaided. Making a quit attempt was associated with younger age, higher education and income, having a smoking-related illness and living in England. In all countries, the majority of continuing smokers did not intend to quit in the next 6 months, had moderate to high levels of nicotine dependence and perceived quitting to be difficult. Conclusions Apart from England and the Netherlands, smokers made few quit attempts in the past year and had low intentions to quit in the near future. The use of cessation assistance was sub-optimal. There is a need to examine approaches to supporting quitting among the significant proportion of tobacco users in Europe and increase the use of cessation support as part of quit attempts

On The Meaning of “Act of God”

1968 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon D. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
The Past ◽  
Biblical History ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The One ◽  
Biblical Faith ◽  
Song Of Moses ◽  
Do So

The concept, “act of God,” is central to the biblical understanding of God and his relation to the world. Repeatedly we are told of the great works performed by God in behalf of his people and in execution of his own purposes in history. From the “song of Moses,” which celebrates the “glorious deeds” (Ex. 15:11) through which Yahweh secured the release of the Israelites from bondage in Egypt, to the letters of Paul, which proclaim God's great act delivering us “from the dominion of darkness” (Col. 1:13) and reconciling us with himself, we are confronted with a “God who acts.” The “mighty acts” (Ps. 145:4), the “wondrous deeds” (Ps. 40:5), the “wonderful works” (Ps. 107:21) of God are the fundamental subject-matter of biblical history, and the object of biblical faith is clearly the One who has acted repeatedly and with power in the past and may be expected to do so in the future.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity in Past Year Cigarette Smoking Quit Attempts among Latinos

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Gundersen ◽  
Sandra E. Echeverria ◽  
M. Jane Lewis ◽  
Gary A. Giovino ◽  
Pamela Ohman-Strickland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
English Language ◽  
Generational Status ◽  
Immigrant Generation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Second Generation Immigrants ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Objective. Examine the association between English language proficiency (ELP) and immigrant generation and having made a cigarette smoking quit attempt in the past 12 months among Latinos. Examine if gender moderates the association between acculturation and quit attempts.Methods. Latino past year smokers from the 2003 and 2006/07 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey were analyzed. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between quit attempt and ELP and immigrant generation, controlling for demographics and smoking characteristics.Results. Latinos with poor ELP were more likely to have made a quit attempt compared to those with good ELP (adjusted odds ratio , confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.46) after controlling for demographic and smoking characteristics. First (, CI: 1.02–1.43) and second generation immigrants (, CI: 1.12–1.64) were more likely than third generation immigrants to have made a quit attempt in the past 12 months.Conclusion. Quit behaviors are shaped by differences in language ability and generational status among Latinos. This underscores the need to disaggregate Latinos beyond racial/ethnic categories to identify subgroup differences relevant for smoking and smoking cessation behaviors in this population.

scholarly journals Policy preferences in a post-war environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 205316801877993
Author(s):  
Dino Hadzic
Keyword(s):  
Policy Preferences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Personal Safety ◽  
The Past ◽  
Large N ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So

Can reminders of violence committed in the past influence citizens’ policy preferences in the present? Prior work has found that under the threat of violence individuals prioritize safety and adopt policy views aimed at reducing the threat. Elites can then strategically employ concerns over personal safety and security to shape the public’s preferences. I contribute to this literature by conducting an exploratory study of whether invocations of violence committed in the past shape preferences in the long-term, years after the actual violence has ended. To do so, I fielded an experiment on a large ( N = 1125) and nationally representative sample of respondents in Bosnia, the site of a major ethnic civil war in 1992–1995. I did not find evidence that reminders of wartime violence in and of themselves affect policy preferences. Ultimately, this study represents a first cut at a neglected question in the literature and has implications that could motivate future research on the relationship between violent conflict and policy preferences.

Finding Joy in the History of Emotions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darrin M. Mcmahon
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Bias ◽  
Historical Understanding ◽  
History Of Emotions ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Do So

This chapter examines why joy and other positive emotions have largely been neglected by scholars, while suggesting that there are rich opportunities for greater historical understanding in this realm. It identifies some particular moments in the past when examinations of joy are particularly revealing, leaving the further task of more systematically exploring wider changes and regional diversities as challenges for the future. To do so, the chapter provides an anecdotal account as the basis for presenting a soft conjecture—that the history of emotions does suffer from a negative bias. Furthermore, the chapter considers a number of the reasons why it might actually be true, before then pondering some of the consequences and entertaining some possible remedies.

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