scholarly journals Understanding the Association Between Spontaneous Quit Attempts and Improved Smoking Cessation Success Rates: A Population Survey in England With 6-Month Follow-up

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1460-1467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Garnett ◽  
Lion Shahab ◽  
Tobias Raupach ◽  
Robert West ◽  
Jamie Brown
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Past ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Adjusted Model

Abstract Introduction Almost half of smoking quit attempts are “spontaneous” (initiated as soon as the decision to quit has been made) and are associated with increased success rates. This study aimed to assess to what extent other factors may account for this association. Methods Data were used from respondents to a survey representative of the adult population in England from 2006 to 2016. We included 2018 respondents who were current smokers at baseline and had attempted to quit between baseline and 6-month follow-up. Logistic regression models assessed the association between quit success and spontaneous quit attempts while adjusting for smoking, sociodemographic, and quit attempt characteristics. Results Spontaneous quit attempts were associated with greater odds of quit success (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.07 to 1.60) but the association was not significant in the fully adjusted model (ORadj = 1.19, 95% CI = 0.95 to 1.49). In this adjusted model, those who attempted to quit without cutting down first (ORadj = 3.08, 95% CI = 2.46 to 3.88) and were male (ORadj = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.16 to 1.80) had greater odds of success; although a greater number of attempts in the past 6 months, stronger urges to smoke (strong vs. none), higher daily cigarette consumption, and lower social grade (E vs. AB) were associated with lower odds of success (ORadj range = 0.32–0.98, p < .030). Quit attempts made without cutting down first were correlated with spontaneous quit attempts (r = .150, p < .001) and appeared to account for the diminished association between spontaneous quitting and success (ORadj = 1.18, 95% CI = 0.96 to 1.46). Conclusions The increased success rate of spontaneous quit attempts appears to be because spontaneous quit attempts are more likely to be made without cutting down first. Implications The apparent benefit of spontaneous over planned quit attempts may be attributable to the former being more likely to involve quitting without cutting down first (ie, abrupt cessation) than cutting down first (ie, gradual cessation) and so this may be a more useful target for advice to improve the chances of successful quitting.

Demographic factors associated with missed follow-up among solid tumor patients treated at a large multi-site academic institution

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (32) ◽  
pp. 2635-2643
Author(s):  
Samantha L Freije ◽  
Jordan A Holmes ◽  
Saleh Rachidi ◽  
Susannah G Ellsworth ◽  
Richard C Zellars ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Tumor Patients ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Follow Up Care ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
African American Race

Aim: To identify demographic predictors of patients who miss oncology follow-up, considering that missed follow-up has not been well studies in cancer patients. Methods: Patients with solid tumors diagnosed from 2007 to 2016 were analyzed (n = 16,080). Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to examine predictors of missed follow-up. Results: Our study revealed that 21.2% of patients missed ≥1 follow-up appointment. African–American race (odds ratio [OR] 1.33; 95% CI: 1.17–1.51), Medicaid insurance (OR 1.59; 1.36–1.87), no insurance (OR 1.66; 1.32–2.10) and rural residence (OR 1.78; 1.49–2.13) were associated with missed follow-up. Conclusion: Many cancer patients miss follow-up, and inadequate follow-up may influence cancer outcomes. Further research is needed on how to address disparities in follow-up care in high-risk patients.

785 Reported Restful Sleep Predicting Emotional Distress: Does Exercise (and its modalities) moderate?

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A305-A306
Author(s):  
Jesse Moore ◽  
Ellita Williams ◽  
Collin Popp ◽  
Anthony Briggs ◽  
Judite Blanc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Past ◽  
Strengthening Exercise ◽  
Waking Up ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Introduction Literature shows that exercise moderates the relationship between sleep and emotional distress (ED.) However, it is unclear whether different types of exercise, such as aerobic and strengthening, affect this relationship differently. We investigated the moderating role of two types of exercise (aerobic and strengthening) regarding the relationship between ED and sleep. Methods Our analysis was based on data from 2018 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a nationally representative study in which 2,814 participants provided all data. Participants were asked 1) “how many days they woke up feeling rested over the past week”, 2) the Kessler 6 scale to determine ED (a score >13 indicates ED), and 3) the average frequency of strengthening or aerobic exercise per week. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine if the reported days of waking up rested predicted level of ED. We then investigated whether strengthening or aerobic exercise differentially moderated this relationship. Covariates such as age and sex were adjusted in the logistic regression models. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine if subjective reporting of restful sleep predicted level of ED. We investigated whether strengthening exercise or aerobic exercise differentially moderated this relationship. Covariates such as age and sex were adjusted in the logistic regression models. Results On average, participants reported 4.41 restful nights of sleep (SD =2.41), 3.43 strengthening activities (SD = 3.19,) and 8.47 aerobic activities a week (SD=5.91.) We found a significant association between days over the past week reporting waking up feeling rested and ED outcome according to K6, Χ2(1) = -741, p= <.001. The odds ratio signified a decrease of 52% in ED scores for each unit of restful sleep (OR = .48, (95% CI = .33, .65) p=<.001.) In the logistic regression model with moderation, aerobic exercise had a significant moderation effect, Χ2(1) = .03, p=.04, but strengthening exercise did not. Conclusion We found that restful sleep predicted reduction in ED scores. Aerobic exercise moderated this relationship, while strengthening exercise did not. Further research should investigate the longitudinal effects of exercise type on the relationship between restful sleep and ED. Support (if any) NIH (K07AG052685, R01MD007716, K01HL135452, R01HL152453)

scholarly journals Low HbA1c levels and all-cause or cardiovascular mortality among people without diabetes: the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2015

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosuke Inoue ◽  
Roch Nianogo ◽  
Donatello Telesca ◽  
Atsushi Goto ◽  
Vahe Khachadourian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Us ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Abstract Objective It is unclear whether relatively low glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels are beneficial or harmful for the long-term health outcomes among people without diabetes. We aimed to investigate the association between low HbA1c levels and mortality among the US general population. Methods This study includes a nationally representative sample of 39 453 US adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1999–2014, linked to mortality data through 2015. We employed the parametric g-formula with pooled logistic regression models and the ensemble machine learning algorithms to estimate the time-varying risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality by HbA1c categories (low, 4.0 to <5.0%; mid-level, 5.0 to <5.7%; prediabetes, 5.7 to <6.5%; and diabetes, ≥6.5% or taking antidiabetic medication), adjusting for 72 potential confounders including demographic characteristics, lifestyle, biomarkers, comorbidities and medications. Results Over a median follow-up of 7.5 years, 5118 (13%) all-cause deaths, and 1116 (3%) cardiovascular deaths were observed. Logistic regression models and machine learning algorithms showed nearly identical predictive performance of death and risk estimates. Compared with mid-level HbA1c, low HbA1c was associated with a 30% (95% CI, 16 to 48) and a 12% (95% CI, 3 to 22) increased risk of all-cause mortality at 5 years and 10 years of follow-up, respectively. We found no evidence that low HbA1c levels were associated with cardiovascular mortality risk. The diabetes group, but not the prediabetes group, also showed an increased risk of all-cause mortality. Conclusions Using the US national database and adjusting for an extensive set of potential confounders with flexible modelling, we found that adults with low HbA1c were at increased risk of all-cause mortality. Further evaluation and careful monitoring of low HbA1c levels need to be considered.

scholarly journals Dietary and lifestyle inflammatory scores are associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome in Iranian adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Farhadnejad ◽  
Karim Parastouei ◽  
Hosein Rostami ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran ◽  
Fereidoun Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Adjusted Model ◽  
Diet And Lifestyle

Abstract Background In the current study, we aimed to investigate the association of dietary inflammation scores (DIS) and lifestyle inflammation scores (LIS) with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a prospective population-based study. Methods A total of 1625 participants without MetS were recruited from among participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study(2006–2008) and followed a mean of 6.1 years. Dietary data of subjects were collected using a food frequency questionnaire at baseline to determine LIS and DIS. Multivariable logistic regression models, were used to calculate the odds ratio (ORs) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) of MetS across tertiles of DIS and LIS. Results Mean ± SD age of individuals (45.8 % men) was 37.5 ± 13.4 years. Median (25–75 interquartile range) DIS and LIS for all participants was 0.80 (− 2.94, 3.64) and 0.48 (− 0.18, − 0.89), respectively. During the study follow-up, 291 (17.9 %) new cases of MetS were identified. Based on the age and sex-adjusted model, a positive association was found between LIS (OR = 7.56; 95% CI 5.10–11.22, P for trend < 0.001) and risk of MetS, however, the association of DIS and risk of MetS development was not statistically significant (OR = 1.30;95% CI 0.93–1.80, P for trend = 0.127). In the multivariable model, after adjustment for confounding variables, including age, sex, body mass index, physical activity, smoking, and energy intake, the risk of MetS is increased across tertiles of DIS (OR = 1.59; 95% CI 1.09–2.33, P for trend = 0.015) and LIS(OR = 8.38; 95% CI 5.51–12.7, P for trend < 0.001). Conclusions The findings of the current study showed that greater adherence to LIS and DIS, determined to indicate the inflammatory potential of diet and lifestyle, are associated with increased the risk of MetS.

scholarly journals Ethnic differences in the incidence of pterygium in a multi-ethnic Asian population: the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Ling Fang ◽  
Crystal Chun Yuen Chong ◽  
Sahil Thakur ◽  
Zhi Da Soh ◽  
Zhen Ling Teo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Income Status ◽  
Baseline Visit

AbstractWe evaluated the 6-year incidence and risk factors of pterygium in a multi-ethnic Asian population. Participants who attended the baseline visit of the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study (year 2004–2011) and returned six years later, were included in this study. Pterygium was diagnosed based on anterior segment photographs. Incident pterygium was defined as presence of pterygium at 6-year follow-up in either eye, among individuals without pterygium at baseline. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine factors associated with incident pterygium, adjusting for baseline age, gender, ethnicity, body mass index, occupation type, educational level, income status, smoking, alcohol consumption, presence of hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia. The overall age-adjusted 6-year incidence of pterygium was 1.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0–1.6%); with Chinese (1.9%; 95% CI 1.4%-2.5%) having the highest incidence rate followed by Malays (1.4%; 95% CI 0.9%-2.1%) and Indians (0.3%; 95% CI 0.3–0.7%). In multivariable analysis, Chinese (compared with Indians; odds ratio [OR] = 4.21; 95% CI 2.12–9.35) and Malays (OR 3.22; 95% CI 1.52–7.45), male (OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.26–3.63), outdoor occupation (OR 2.33; 95% CI 1.16–4.38), and smoking (OR 0.41; 95% CI 0.16–0.87) were significantly associated with incident pterygium. Findings from this multi-ethnic Asian population provide useful information in identifying at-risk individuals for pterygium.

Facebook Chat Application to Prompt and Assist Smoking Cessation Among Spanish-Speaking Young Adults in South Texas

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483992110262
Author(s):  
Patricia Chalela ◽  
Alfred L. McAlister ◽  
David Akopian ◽  
Edgar Munoz ◽  
Cliff Despres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
South Texas ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Facebook Advertising

Given how smart phones, internet services, and social media have shown great potential for assisting smoking cessation, we constructed a Facebook chat application based on our previous work with SMS texting services. This report summarizes findings from 2,364 Spanish-speaking young adults recruited through Facebook advertising in South Texas during the 2020 New Year holiday season. Among these service users, 926 (39%) were ready to make a quit attempt, and 26 (3.1%) of those users reported that they were tobacco free 1 month later. There were no responses to a chat question survey 72 days after the dates selected for quitting. Although more research with longer follow up is needed, these findings show that social media chat applications may be helpful for at least prompting quit attempts and short-term cessation among young adult Spanish-speaking smokers. There is no evidence of an impact on long-term cessation, and more research is clearly needed.

The Past Is Prologue: Criminal Specialization Continuity in the Delinquent Career

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt DeLisi ◽  
Ramate Bunga ◽  
Mark H. Heirigs ◽  
Jacob H. Erickson ◽  
Andy Hochstetler
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Aggravated Assault ◽  
The Past ◽  
California Youth Authority ◽  
Important Evidence ◽  
Robust Evidence

The versatility/specialization debate in criminology has important theoretical, research, and juvenile/criminal justice ramifications. Although offenders are mostly versatile, there is important evidence of specialization, but much of this evidence is derived from highly technical statistical approaches. Drawing on data from a cohort of serious delinquents committed to the California Youth Authority, logistic regression models revealed robust evidence for criminal specialization net the effects of behavioral and demographic controls. Prior homicide was associated with a 1,467% increased likelihood of being currently adjudicated for a homicide offense. Similar prior–current involvement in robbery (294% increased likelihood), aggravated assault (200%), burglary (148%), and drug sales (736%) was found. Logistic regression with odds ratios provides intuitive, valuable estimates of specialization in offending whereby prior involvement in a specific form of delinquency dramatically increases the likelihood of current involvement in the same form of crime.

scholarly journals The prospective relationship between social cohesion and depressive symptoms among older adults from Central and Eastern Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Bertossi Urzua ◽  
Milagros A Ruiz ◽  
Andrzej Pajak ◽  
Magdalena Kozela ◽  
Ruzena Kubinova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Prospective Association

BackgroundSocial cohesion has a potential protective effect against depression, but evidence for Central and Eastern Europe is lacking. We investigated the prospective association between social cohesion and elevated depressive symptoms in the Czech Republic, Russia and Poland, and assessed whether alcohol drinking and smoking mediated this association.MethodsCohort data from 15 438 older urban participants from the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe project were analysed. Baseline social cohesion was measured by five questions, and depressive symptoms were measured 3 years later by the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Depression (CES-D) Scale. Nested logistic regression models estimated ORs of elevated depressive symptoms (CES-D 10 score ≥4) by z-scores and tertiles of social cohesion.ResultsPer 1 SD decrease in social cohesion score, adjusted ORs of elevated depressive symptoms were 1.13 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.23) and 1.05 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.13) in men and women, respectively. Further adjustment for smoking and drinking did not attenuate these associations in either men (OR=1.13, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.22) or women (OR=1.05, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.13). Similarly, the fully adjusted ORs comparing the lowest versus highest social cohesion tertile were 1.33 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.62) in men and 1.18 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.39) in women.ConclusionsLower levels of social cohesion was associated with heightened depressive symptoms after a 3-year follow-up among older Czech, Russian and Polish adults. These effects appeared stronger in men, and alcohol and smoking played no appreciable role in this association.

scholarly journals Alcohol consumption and pregnancy in the Mexican national addiction survey

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Borges ◽  
Roberto Tapia-Conyer ◽  
Malaquías López-Cervantes ◽  
María Elena Medina-Mora ◽  
Blanca Pelcastre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Spontaneous Abortion ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Congenital Abnormalities ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
National Data ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Important Relationship

In 1988, the General Directorate of Epidemiology and the Mexican Institute of Psychiatry conducted the first National Addiction Survey (ENA), providing regional and national data on alcohol, tobacco, and drug use. The ENA providing a subsample of women who have been pregnant at some time in their lives. There were 5,234 affirmative responses. Women were asked if they had suffered any of three adverse outcomes during their last pregnancy: spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, and congenital abnormalities. Prevalence of spontaneous abortion was 3.8%, stillbirth 1.2%, and congenital abnormalities 1.1 %. Multiple logistic-regression models were used to analyze the effect of alcohol consumption on these problems. Consumption during pregnancy was related only with the prevalence of congenital abnormalities, with prevalence odds of 3.4. Among habitual users during the last 12 months, oniy women in the highest use category showed an important relationship with the three problems mentioned. Follow-up studies on the Mexican population are recommended in order to obtain more conclusive findings.

scholarly journals Coffee Consumption, Genetic Polymorphisms, and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Pooled Analysis of Four Prospective Cohort Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5379
Author(s):  
An Na Kim ◽  
Hyun Jeong Cho ◽  
Jiyoung Youn ◽  
Taiyue Jin ◽  
Moonil Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Logistic Regression Models

The association between coffee consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes may vary by genetic variants. Our study addresses the question of whether the incidence of type 2 diabetes is related to the consumption of coffee and whether this relationship is modified by polymorphisms related to type 2 diabetes. We performed a pooled analysis of four Korean prospective studies that included 71,527 participants; median follow-up periods ranged between 2 and 13 years. All participants had completed a validated food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for type 2 diabetes were calculated using logistic regression models. The ORs were combined using a fixed or random effects model depending on the heterogeneity across the studies. Compared with 0 to <0.5 cups/day of coffee consumption, the OR for type 2 diabetes was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.80–0.98, p for trend = 0.01) for ≥3 cups/day of coffee consumption. We did not observe significant interactions by five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to type 2 diabetes (CDKAL1 rs7756992, CDKN2A/B rs10811661, KCNJ11 rs5215, KCNQ1 rs163184, and PEPD rs3786897) in the association between coffee and the risk of type 2 diabetes. We found that coffee consumption was inversely associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes.

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