Information and Economic Voting

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Rogers ◽  
Marcelo Tyszler
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Economic Voting ◽  
Vote Choice ◽  
Popular Press ◽  
Information Demand ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Other Regarding ◽  
Economic Considerations

The connection between the economy and vote choice continues to garner interest both in the academic and popular press. To isolate the effects of economic considerations, we develop a laboratory experiment that allows us to vary these considerations at three levels: the individual, community, and national economy. Choices by policymakers directly affect outcomes at each of these levels, allowing us to test for egotropic, “communotropic,” and sociotropic voting, as well as examine information search. We observe significant demand for information and that demand decreases with the complexity of the environment. Moreover, information demand is positively associated with other-regarding behavior.

Economic Considerations and the 2008 Presidential Election

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (03) ◽  
pp. 473-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Holbrook
Keyword(s):  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Economic Voting ◽  
Vote Choice ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Personal Finances ◽  
Incumbent Party ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Economic Considerations

The idea that economic conditions influence election outcomes and voting behavior is hardly novel and would appear to be close to uniformly accepted, especially in the case of American presidential elections. Beginning with the early aggregate studies (Arcelus and Meltzer 1975; Bloom and Price 1975; Kramer 1971; Tufte 1978) and the important individual-level work that followed soon thereafter (Kiewiet 1983; Kinder and Kiewiet 1979, 1981; Fiorina 1981), election scholars have devoted considerable attention to the influence of the economy on voting behavior and election outcomes. Although the findings are many and sometimes disparate, a few general conclusions have emerged: economic voting is incumbency oriented rather than policy oriented (Fiorina 1981; Kiewiet 1983); at the individual level, evaluations of the national economy are more closely tied to vote choice than are evaluations of personal finances (Kiewiet 1983; Kinder and Kiewiet 1979, 1981; Kinder, Adams, and Gronke 1989); and, with the exception of 2000, the incumbent party is habitually returned to office when economic times are good and tossed out when economic times are bad (Campbell and Garand 2000). In short, we know a lot about how the economy influences voters and elections, and it would seem that there are few issues left to resolve.

Economic Voting

2019 ◽  
pp. 246-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Lewis-Beck ◽  
Mary Stegmaier
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Economic Voting ◽  
Vote Choice ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Individual Country ◽  
Economic Vote ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

We examine the economics and elections connection, often referred to as economic voting, via a review of key studies by economists and political scientists, focusing on key generalizations applicable across democracies. Early work (1930s–1960s) was exploratory, seeking to establish whether economics mattered for elections, in the examination of individual country studies. In two strands of later work, one (1970–1990) developed “vote-popularity functions” over time; another (1980–2000) researched micro-level economic voting in national election surveys. Leading, global generalizations began to emerge in the contemporary period (2000s–2010s), such as the following: sociotropic retrospective economic evaluations dominate the economic vote choice, the economic vote itself can vary with clarity of policy responsibility, and the strong research results at the national level mirror results at the individual voter level. Currently, questions of the impact of economic crisis, and further dimensions of the economic vote, such as positional or patrimonial voting, are under serious consideration.

Information search in times of market uncertainty: an examination of aggregate and disaggregate uncertainty

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall A. Geiger ◽  
Rajib Hasan ◽  
Abdullah Kumas ◽  
Joyce van der Laan Smith
Keyword(s):  
Information Search ◽  
Institutional Investors ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Individual Investor ◽  
Market Uncertainty ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Current Time ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Information Demand ◽  
Google Search

PurposeThis study explores the association between individual investor information demand and two measures of market uncertainty – aggregate market uncertainty and disaggregate industry-specific market uncertainty. It extends the literature by being the first to empirically examine investor information demand and disaggregate market uncertainty.Design/methodology/approachThis paper constructs a measure of information search by using the Google Search Volume Index and computes measures of aggregate and disaggregate market uncertainty using institutional investors' trading data from Ancerno Ltd. The relation between market uncertainty, as measured by trading disagreements among institutional investors, and information search is analyzed using an OLS (Ordinary Least Squares) regression model.FindingsThis paper finds that individual investor information demand is significantly and positively correlated with aggregate market uncertainty but not associated with disaggregated industry uncertainty. The findings suggest that individual investors may not fully incorporate all relevant uncertainty information and that ambiguity-related market pricing anomalies may be more associated with disaggregate market uncertainty.Research limitations/implicationsThis study presents an examination of aggregate and disaggregate measures of market uncertainty and individual investor demand for information, shedding light on the efficiency of the market in incorporating information. A limitation of our study is that our data for market uncertainty is based on investor trading disagreement from Ancerno, Ltd. which is only available till 2011. However, we believe the implications are generalizable to the current time period.Practical implicationsThis study provides the first concurrent empirical assessment of investor information search and aggregate and disaggregate market uncertainty. Prior research has separately examined information demand in these two types of market uncertainty. Thus, this study provides information to investors regarding the importance of assessing disaggregate component measures of the market.Originality/valueThis paper is the first to empirically examine investor information search and disaggregate market uncertainty. It also employs a unique data set and method to determine disaggregate, and aggregate, market uncertainty.

Going Far by Going Together: James M. Buchanan’s Economics of Shared Ethics

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Art Carden ◽  
Gregory W. Caskey ◽  
Zachary B. Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Public Capital ◽  
The Public ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Other Regarding ◽  
Ethical Communication ◽  
Other Regarding Preferences

We explore themes in Nobel Prize–winning economist James M. Buchanan’s work and apply his Ethics and Economic Progress to problems facing individuals and firms. We focus on Buchanan’s analysis of the individual work ethic, his exhortations to “pay the preacher” of the “institutions of moral-ethical communication,” and his notion of law as “public capital.” We highlight several ways people with other-regarding preferences can contribute to social flourishing and some of the ways those who have “affected to trade for the public good” might want to redirect their efforts. We show how Buchanan’s work has considerable implications for business ethics. Just as his economic analysis of politics changed how we understand government, we think his economic analysis of ethics can (and should) change how we understand business.

scholarly journals PENGARUH SKEMA KOMPENSASI, SELF EFFICACY DAN PENALARAN MORAL TERHADAP SLACK BUDGETING

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-96
Author(s):  
Nayang Helmayunita ◽  
Ade Elsa Betavia
Keyword(s):  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Accounting Students ◽  
State University ◽  
Compensation Scheme ◽  
Budgetary Slack ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Individual

This study aims to examine the effect of compensation schemes, self efficacy and moral reasoning on slack budgeting. In this study the hypothesis is proposed that in the slack inducing compensation scheme the slack budgeting will be greater than using the truth inducing compensation scheme, then managers with low self efficacy will do slack budgeting compared to those with high self efficacy. It is also proposed that the individual with low moral reasoning will do slack budgeting rather than the individual with high moral reasoning. The research design in this study was a quasi 2 x 2 laboratory experiment, with Accounting students who had sat in the 5th semester of Padang State University as lower level managers who participated in budgeting. The statistical method used to test the hypothesis is two-way ANOVA. This study provides results that the compensation scheme can affect slack budgeting actions, self efficacy has no effect on slack budgeting actions, and the interaction between slack inducing compensation schemes with low self efficacy has no effect on slack budgeting actions. Moral reasoning affects slack budgeting actions, and at lower level managers who have low levels of moral reasoning and low levels of self efficacy, interactions with slack inducing compensation schemes affect slack budgeting actions. The results of this study can contribute in the management accounting literature related to budgetary slack and its causal factors. Keyword: Slack Budgeting, Compensation Schemes, Self Efficacy, and Moral Reasoning.

scholarly journals Methods of Ukrainian labor migrants reintegration in the context of state migration policy

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Liubomyr ROMAN
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The reintegration of migrant workers is the renewal and accelerated development of ties between the individual and the society, the economic and cultural systems, the restoration of the impact of the individual on socio-economic, socio-cultural and political processes and phenomena, increasing participation in the processes of sustainable development on the basis of introducing elements of economic culture countries of pre-migration. The methodological bases for improving the mechanisms of reintegration of labor migrants should be assessed on the basis of available political and legal support. The problem of labor migration has now taken on a national scale, which brings it out of the limits of the influence of any organization, cluster or individual state authority. The formulation of a strategy for regulating labor migration should be made on the basis of the status of this problem as a national one, therefore, requiring macroeconomic regulation, which will be supported by a strong institutional and regulatory framework. The purpose of the paper is to substantiate the method of reintegration of Ukrainian labor migrants in the context of state migration policy. Results. Theoretical aspects of reintegration of labor migrants are covered. The content analysis of the legal acts of the President of Ukraine is carried out. A number of significant legal acts that have or can have a significant impact on state migration policy are characterized. The peculiarities of the functioning of the central executive body, which implements the state policy in the sphere of migration, and the recent changes in determining the range of subjects of formation and implementation of the state policy in the sphere of labor migration are analyzed. The importance of regulating the issue of investments earned during the emigration of funds into the national economy is substantiated. Conclusion. According to the conducted research, the method of reintegration of Ukrainian labor migrants in the context of the state migration policy is formed under the influence of debates about the factors, directions and forms of support of the respective processes by the state authorities. We believe that the main disadvantage of reintegration institutional support is the lack of a unified approach to the role and importance of repatriates for the sustainable development of the national economy. In our opinion, this approach should be consolidated in the form of the Law of Ukraine with a clear definition of the subjects of assistance to repatriation and reintegration of labor migrants, as well as to strengthen with additional measures of informational, organizational character, tax privileges for investing the money earned abroad for search, development of employers of skilled migrant workers returning to Ukraine.

Exploring the Diffusion of Mobile Phone among Zimbabwean Migrants in Botswana

2011 ◽  
pp. 200-212
Author(s):  
Do Kyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovations ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Adoption Rate ◽  
The Individual

From the early 2000s, the population mobility from Zimbabwe has drastically increased due to the collapse of the national economy and political instability. While the Zimbabwean migrants in Botswana have experienced horrific social, economic, and political difficulties, the mobile phone adoption rate among them has skyrocketed. Based on the theory of diffusion of innovations, this study investigates the influence of mobile phone diffusion among Zimbabwean migrants at the individual, community, and governmental levels.

Commitment and Satisfaction in Producer Co-operatives: the Role of Work Values

1987 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Oliver
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Work Values ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Organizational Levels ◽  
The Individual

Although the arguments put forward in support of producer co-operatives span many levels—from the advantages for the national economy to the benefits for individuals—much of the promotion of co-operatives emphasizes the supposed advantages of cooperative working at the individual and organizational levels. It is argued that working in a co-operative can be more satisfying than working in a traditional business, and that the greater commitment sometimes found amongst the membership of cooperatives may enhance their performance relative to comparable traditional businesses. The evidence from studies into attitudes in co-operatives indicates that the picture is less clear cut than this; some people appear to find the experience of co-operative working a satisfying one, some perceive it to be virtually indistinguishable from working in a traditional business, others become cynical and disillusioned. This paper examines responses to co-operative working in terms of the commitment and satisfaction among the members of a large well established co-operative. The role of different work values in determining commitment and satisfaction is explored, and the implications of the findings for the promotion of co-operatives discussed.

scholarly journals The transformative service paradox: the dilemma of wellbeing trade-offs

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-663
Author(s):  
Rebekah Russell–Bennett ◽  
Rory Mulcahy ◽  
Kate Letheren ◽  
Ryan McAndrew ◽  
Uwe Dulleck
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Implicit Assumption ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Physical Wellbeing ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Future Implication

PurposeA transformative service aims to improve wellbeing; however, current approaches have an implicit assumption that all wellbeing dimensions are equal and more dimensions led to higher wellbeing. The purpose of this paper is to present evidence for a new framework that identifies the paradox of competing wellbeing dimensions for both the individual and others in society – the transformative service paradox (TSP).Design/methodology/approachData is drawn from a mixed-method approach using qualitative (interviews) and quantitative data (lab experiment) in an electricity service context. The first study involves 45 household interviews (n = 118) and deals with the nature of trade-offs at the individual level to establish the concept of the TSP. The second study uses a behavioral economics laboratory experiment (n = 110) to test the self vs. other nature of the trade-off in day-to-day use of electricity.FindingsThe interviews and experiment identified that temporal (now vs. future) and beneficiary-level factors explain why individuals make wellbeing trade-offs for the transformative service of electricity. The laboratory experiment showed that when the future implication of the trade-off is made salient, consumers are more willing to forego physical wellbeing for environmental wellbeing, whereas when the “now” implication is more salient consumers forego financial wellbeing for physical wellbeing.Originality/valueThis research introduces the term “Transformative Service Paradox” and identifies two factors that explain why consumers make wellbeing trade-offs at the individual level and at the societal level; temporal (now vs. future) and wellbeing beneficiary.

Reconfiguring Responsibility in International Clinical Trials

2020 ◽  
pp. 168-195
Author(s):  
Ike Valentine Iyioke
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Research Ethics ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Her Family ◽  
American Intellectual ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Other Regarding

This chapter aims to prominently position the African philosophical notion of the self within the clinical trials context (and the larger bioethics project). As opposed to autonomy-based principlism, this other-regarding or communalist perspective is proposed as the preferred alternative model. The intent is to draw further attention to the inadequacy of the principlist approach particularly in multicultural settings. It also engenders a rethink, stimulates interest, and re-assesses the failed assumptions of universal ethical principles. As a novel attempt that runs against much of the prevailing (Euro-American) intellectual mood, this approach strives to introduce the African viewpoint by making explicit the import of the self in a re-contextualized (nay, globalized) arena. Viewed as such, research ethics is guided to go beyond autonomy-based considerations for the individual with absolute right to self-determination; to embrace more holistic-based approach, recognizing that the individual is embedded in his/her family, community, and the environment.

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