Incidence of Twin Births in Denmark from 1911 to 1974

1978 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Nielsen ◽  
Akira Homma ◽  
Bo Isaksen ◽  
Aksel Bertelsen
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Age ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Dizygotic Twin ◽  
Twin Birth ◽  
Environmental Causes ◽  
Number Of Births

A survey of twin births in Denmark in relation to the total number of births from 1911 to 1974 shows a significant decrease in the dizygotic twin birth rate for all maternal age groups. The possible environmental causes of such a decrease are discussed.

scholarly journals Studies in the declining birth-rate, England and Wales 1. The Northern Counties: 2. Summary of Results for all Areas

1937 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-511
Author(s):  
W. J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Birth Rate ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Married Women ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Fertility Ratio ◽  
Number Of Births

The trend of fertility in Wales and the Southern and Midland counties of England was demonstrated and discussed in the previous sections of this enquiry.1 The corresponding vital statistics for Northern England are given in the present concluding section and, in addition, the results that have been found are briefly reviewed for the country as a whole. For the Northern counties the same methods have been employed as in the two previous sections. Briefly, the actual birth-rate has been measured by the number of births per 1000 married women aged 15–45, while as a rough assessment of how far a changing age distribution of married women has affected its level, a potential birth-rate and fertility ratio have also been calculated. The potential birth-rate gives the number of births per 1000 married women aged 15–45 obtained by applying Tait's fertility ratios 48.75, 41.25, 30 and 15 to the number of married women in the age groups 15–19, 20–24, 25–35 and 35–45 respectively. The fertility ratio is the ratio of the actual to the potential birth-rate.

Maternal Age And Birth Weight Characteristics of Twins Born to Nulliparous Mothers: A Population Study

Twin Research ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Isaac Blickstein ◽  
Ran D. Goldman ◽  
Ram Mazkereth
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Inverse Correlation ◽  
Twin Birth ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractIn order to examine birth weight characteristics of twins delivered to nulliparous mothers in relation to maternal age, we used a population-based cohort of Israeli twins delivered between 1993–98 to select all 4793 (37.6%) nulliparas who delivered twins. Maternal age was subdivided as less than 20 years, 20–24, 25–29, 30–34, 35–39, and 40 years or more. We counted the frequencies of each total twin birth weight (twin A+twin B) in each of three categories (less than 3000, 3000–4999, and more than 5000 g) and the frequency of very low birth weight (VLBW, less than 1500 g) neonates in each of the six maternal age categories. There were significantly more nulliparas in the twin population at age groups less 30 years and significantly less at ages 30 years or more. We found a highly significant inverse correlation between the proportion of nulliparas and maternal age group, decreasing from 71.8% at less than 20 years to 18.6% at age 35–39 years (% nulliparas = 85 − 13.7 × age group, Pearson R2 = 0.98). However, this trend changed abruptly to the observed figure of 25.9% nulliparas aged 40 years or more instead of the expected 2.8%. We failed to reveal any significant difference in birth weight characteristics between the maternal age groups (all p > 0.05, all confidence intervals included 1.0). The more than tenfold deviation of the observed from the predicted frequency of nulliparas aged 40 years or more suggests that a different relationship between parity and age occurs at this age group. Maternal age of nulliparas is not associated with different birth weight characteristics of their twins.

scholarly journals Predictive value of aberrant right subclavian artery for fetal chromosome aneuploidy in women of advanced maternal age

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Ping Chen ◽  
Yong-Feng Lai ◽  
Xiao-Hong Zhong ◽  
Jian-Hong You ◽  
Jiang-Hua Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subclavian Artery ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Advanced Maternal Age ◽  
Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Ultrasound Findings ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Singleton Pregnancies

Abstract Background In the entire population, an aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) is closely associated with chromosomal abnormalities. ARSA with additional ultrasonic findings would increase risk of chromosomal abnormalities. The risk of fetal chromosomal abnormalities increased exponentially with the maternal age. These risks in the advanced maternal age (AMA) group are uncertain. This study aimed to determine the incidence of ARSA in Chinese AMA and non-AMA women and the frequency of aneuploidy among AMA and non-AMA women with ARSA. Methods This retrospective study included 13,690 singleton pregnancies, were divided into AMA and non-AMA groups. Integrated obstetric ultrasonic screening, biochemical screening, noninvasive prenatal screening, and fetal karyotype analysis were analyzed. Results The overall incidence of ARSA was 0.69%, with no difference between age groups. The incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in the AMA group (37 / 2860) was much higher than that of the non-AMA group. The risk of chromosomal abnormalities significantly increased with both ARSA detected and additional ultrasound findings. With combined ARSA and AMA, the likelihood of the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities increased. Chimerism (45X / 46XX) was found with isolated ARSA in AMA pregnancies. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities in fetuses of AMA women. ARSA increases the risk of chromosomal abnormalities in both age groups, especially combined with ARSA. When ARSA occurs in AMA women, it confers a high likelihood of chromosomal abnormalities.

Reduced spontaneous abortion and increased live birth rate after PGD for advanced maternal age

2007 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. S85-S86 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Munne ◽  
J. Garrisi ◽  
F. Barnes ◽  
L. Werlin ◽  
W. Schoolcraft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Abortion ◽  
Live Birth ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Live Birth Rate ◽  
Advanced Maternal Age

Epidemiology of Twin Births in Southeast China: 1993–2005

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 608-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinrong Lu ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Yinghui Liu ◽  
Ting Wang ◽  
Yanyu Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Perinatal Care ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Southeast China ◽  
Twin Birth

Recently, there has been a significant increase in the rate of multiple births in most developed countries. However, few population-based studies have been conducted in China regarding the epidemiology of twin births in recent years. We performed a descriptive analysis of twin births from 1993 to 2005 using data from a population-based perinatal care program in southeast China. The twin birth rate in southeast China was 0.65%, and the twin birth rates from 1993 to 2005 fluctuated between 0.60% and 0.70%. During the three periods of 1993–1996, 1997–2000, and 2001–2005, the twin birth rate increased from 0.57% to 0.71% in urban areas (p = .005) and from 0.59% to 0.68% in mothers who had an education level of high school or higher (p = .046). After 2000, the twin birth rate of primiparae 30 years of age and older significantly increased from 0.72% to greater than 1.20%. We concluded that the twin birth rates in southeast China from 1993 to 2005 stayed constant in the overall population but increased in certain subgroups of women, presumably due to increased use of fertility treatment and the development of assisted reproductive technology.

Twinning in Susceptible Mothers—An Exploratory Study of International Data by Payami's Models Suggests “Reproductive Maturity” as a Risk Factor

1991 ◽  
Vol 40 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 269-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Philippe
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Age ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Reproductive Maturity ◽  
Secondary Exposure ◽  
Twin Birth ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Common Etiology ◽  
International Data ◽  
The Common

AbstractAn attempt has been made to apply Payami's models to maternal age-specific twin birth prevalences in several countries. The models disclose the heterogeneity of a cohort and spell out the risks to susceptible members (who will actually get the disease) according to age (or time). Payami's method specifies that the typical cohort of susceptibles is ascribed to two exposures: a potent and generalised exposure and a very low or no risk secondary exposure. The models have been adjusted to international data from current as well as old populations, of Occidental and Japanese origin. Results show that cohorts of twin-prone mothers aged 25 to 45 are homogeneous. A single dominant etiology is suggested which applies to both MZ and DZ twins. Heterogeneity, from 10% to 25%, is present in all countries whenever the 20-24 age group is involved. A separate study of illegitimate twin births from Denmark reduces the heterogeneity and shows that MZ illegitimate twin births are due to a secondary exposure responsible for a distinct twinning etiology. The age-specific risks of a MZ illegitimate twin birth are much higher than those of any comparison group, and are constant until age 35 years. This suggests a single-hit exposure akin to a neuroendocrine stimulus which short-cuts the usual age-dependent etiologic pathway. MZ and DZ twins both experience the same maternal age specific risks, an observation which underscores the common etiology of both types of twins. Risks increase with age from age 20 to 45 years. The pattern according to age varies among countries and time periods. Occidental populations have a pattern varying from an exponential to a more linear increase in old and recent populations, respectively. Only present-day Japan displays a logarithmic-like growth curve. The concept of “reproductive maturity” is introduced, and related to the secular trend of the DZ twin birth risk and to its variation across countries. Two new conclusions are drawn: a) The higher the rate of reproductive maturity, the less the DZ twin birth risk and, b) Reproductive maturity determines the maternal age-specific gonadotropin levels.

The impact of temporary migration for demographic perspective in Poland

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 74-89
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Fihel
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Emigration And Immigration ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Temporary Migration ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Temporary Emigration ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Number Of Births

The National Population Census 2011 showed that over 2 million of Polish citizens have been temporarily staying abroad for at least 3 months. The aim of analysis is to present an impact of temporary emigration on the present and future demographic situation of our country, especially the change in the population size and number of births, as well as the advancement of aging process in the coming years. The results of the census 2011 indicate that the population losses due to temporary emigration may exceed 10% in the age groups 25–29 and 30–34. The results for 2014–2050 based on the CSO modified forecast including temporary emigration and immigration show a relevant decrease in the number of population at the age of economic activity. The possible return of emigrants could counteract the depopulation of our country, but in the long run will be intensified by the aging of the population.

scholarly journals Prepregnancy Depression and Breastfeeding Duration: A Look at Maternal Age

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordyn T. Wallenborn ◽  
Anny-Claude Joseph ◽  
Whitney C. Graves ◽  
Saba W. Masho
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Pregnancy Risk ◽  
Care Models ◽  
History Of

Background. In the United States, major depressive disorder affects one in five women aged 20-40 years. During these childbearing years, depression can negatively impact maternal behaviors that are crucial for infant growth and development. This study examined the relationship between prepregnancy depression and breastfeeding duration by maternal age. Methods. Data from Phase 7 (2012-2013) of the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (N=62,483) were analyzed. Prepregnancy depression was dichotomized while breastfeeding duration was categorized as never breastfed, breastfed 8 weeks or less, and breastfed more than 8 weeks. Maternal age was a significant effect modifier; therefore, results were stratified by maternal age. Multinomial logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results. For women aged 20-24, 25-29, and 30-34 years with prepregnancy depression, the odds of never breastfeeding and breastfeeding 8 weeks or less were significantly higher than in women with no history of prepregnancy depression. Notably, among women aged 25-29 with prepregnancy depression, the odds of never breastfeeding and breastfeeding 8 weeks or less were 93% (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.93, 95% CI =1.57-2.37) and 65% (AOR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.37-1.99) higher compared to women with no history of prepregnancy depression, respectively. Conclusions. Having a history of poor mental health before pregnancy may increase the likelihood of premature breastfeeding cessation. A woman’s mental health status before pregnancy should be considered in reproductive and prenatal care models. Efforts should be made to understand challenges women of specific age groups face when trying to breastfeed.

P–551 Blastocyst cohort size is not associated with embryo aneuploidy: comprehensive multi-centre data from current preimplantation genetic testing cycles

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Vassena ◽  
A Lorenzon ◽  
A L Lopes ◽  
D Sakkas ◽  
A Korkidakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Ovarian Response ◽  
Cohort Size ◽  
Preimplantation Genetic Testing ◽  
Indirect Measure ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Ngs ◽  
Generation Sequencing ◽  
Euploid Embryo

Abstract Study question Does blastocyst cohort size impact aneuploidy rates, evaluated by next generation sequencing (NGS)? Summary answer Embryo aneuploidy rates were independent of blastocyst cohort size across all patient ages. What is known already The effects of ovarian response on oocyte and embryo quality remain controversial. Several studies have proposed that a high response to ovarian stimulation may negatively impact oocyte competence. Alternatively, irrespective of maternal age, a poor ovarian response may potentially compromise embryo quality. Using blastocyst cohort size as an indirect measure of ovarian response, previous studies applying array comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH) have demonstrated that the number of embryos available for biopsy does not impact embryo aneuploidy rates. Nevertheless, these findings remain to be confirmed in a comprehensive cohort, using current approaches for preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (PGT-A). Study design, size, duration Retrospective, international, cohort study of 3998 patients from 16 clinics undergoing PGT-A from 2016–2020. We evaluated 11665 blastocysts, tested using trophectoderm (TE) biopsy and next generation sequencing (NGS). To eliminate bias of multiple treatments, we considered only the first PGT-A cycle for all patients. Both autologous and donation cycles were included in the analysis. Cycles were excluded if they utilised preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders (PGT-M) or preimplantation genetic testing for structural rearrangements (PGT-SR). Participants/materials, setting, methods We evaluated aneuploidy and mosaicism rates, as well as the proportion of patients who had at least one euploid embryo suitable for transfer. Findings were stratified according to SART-defined maternal age groups, <35 (n = 698/2622 patients/blastocysts), 35–37 (n = 988/3141 patients/blastoycsts), 38–40 (n = 1447/3939 patients/blastocysts), 41–42 (653/1562 patients/blastocysts) and >42 (212/401 patients/blastocysts) and blastoycst cohort size (1–2, 3–5, 6–9 and 10 or more biopsied blastocysts). Main results and the role of chance The mean maternal age was 37.0±3.7. The overall embryo aneuploidy rate was 50.6% (5904/11665), while mosaicism was established in 4.0% (469/11665) of blastocysts. As expected, the proportion of aneuploid embryos increased steadily with advancing maternal age (31.8%, 41.5%, 58.4%, 71.2%, 87.8%; p < 0.0001), while mosaicism rates did not vary significantly (p = 0.2). Within each age group, we observed no association between the number of blastocysts biopsied and aneuploidy or mosaicism rates. However, as previously suggested, the chance of having at least one euploid embryo increased linearly with the number of embryos biopsied. We observed that young patients (<35) with 1–2 blastocysts had a 70.4% of having at least one embryo suitable for transfer, which increased to 96.4% and 99.2% with 3–5 and 6–9 blastocysts, respectively. Similar trends were observed in the 36–38 and 39–40 age groups. Patients in the 40–41 age group had a significantly lower chance of having a suitable embryo for transfer. Nevertheless, the chance increased from 27.2% with 1–2 embryos to 61.2% with 3–5 blastocysts. Patients with >10 embryos had at least one euploid embryo in 100% of cases, across all ages. Albeit, the numbers of patients within this category was low, and decreased significantly with advancing maternal age. Limitations, reasons for caution While blastocyst cohort size is considered to be an indirect measure of ovarian reserve, the number of oocytes retrieved was not evaluated. Our study only included the first PGT-A cycle for all patients. Subsequent, alterations in stimulation protocols may have resulted in an improved response in some patients. Wider implications of the findings: The comprehensive nature of the study, based on current PGT-A approaches and a large number of cycles across 16 centres increases clinical confidence in the notion that ovarian response is independent of embryo aneuploidy. Importantly, our findings may serve as a valuable clinical resource to guide patient counselling strategies. Trial registration number NA

ANNUAL SUMMARY OF VITAL STATISTICS—1968

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1031-1034
Author(s):  
Myron E. Wegman
Keyword(s):  
Birth Rate ◽  
Marriage Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Sharp Rise ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
The Third ◽  
Number Of Births

Infant mortality declined again in 1968, for the third successive year, and there is some evidence of a more rapidly downward trend in the unacceptably higher infant death rates which have existed among some population groups. The birth rate also declined again, but the marriage rate showed rather a sharp rise ( Table I ). With an excess of births over deaths of 1.55 million persons, the rate of natural increase was 7.8 per 1,000 population. Births Once more there was a decline in annual number of births, although a smaller one than last year. Nevertheless, with a rising population the birth rate fell to 17.4, the lowest ever recorded in the United States.

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