scholarly journals Poverty and Immigration Policy

2015 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
KIERAN OBERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Global Poverty ◽  
Substantial Evidence ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Poverty Measures ◽  
Rich Countries

What are the ethical implications of global poverty for immigration policy? This article finds substantial evidence that migration is effective at reducing poverty. There is every indication that the adoption of a fairly open immigration policy by rich countries, coupled with selective use of immigration restrictions in cases of deleterious brain drain, could be of significant assistance to people living in poor countries. Empirically there is nothing wrong with using immigration policy to address poverty. The reason we have to reject such an approach is not empirical but normative. People have human rights to stay in their home country and to migrate elsewhere. Counter poverty measures that require people to move or to stay are likely to violate these rights. Everyone should be free to migrate but no one should be forced to migrate. Using immigration policy to address global poverty, in place of alternatives, fails on both these counts.

The View From Orthodoxy: Point/Counterpoint on Globalization and Human Rights

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-370
Author(s):  
Claudio Schuftan
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
The Many ◽  
Rich Countries ◽  
Long Term Trend

The long-term trend of globalization masks a frank deterioration of the situation of the have-nots. Since 1970, polarization has grown faster than inequality, with alarming consequences for human rights and the economy overall. Globalization has continued to enrich the few at the expense of providing a decent livelihood and respecting the human rights of the many. Industrialized countries continue to be the rule makers—poor countries the rule takers. Rich countries go for growth, but an inequality-entrenching growth that brings about human rights violations and poverty. In many developing economies, income inequality and the violation of human rights have clearly increased over the past 3 decades. Discriminated losers have been fighting globalization before it had a name; they still are. Globalization has thus actually resulted in greater income inequality plus human rights violations and disrupted lives. Globalization may well be a finished project. We must remind our respective governments that they have the power to improve working people’s lives so that they, once and for all, address the needs of those who lose out from technological change and globalization. Otherwise, our political problems will only deepen.

Immigration, Self-Determination, and the Brain Drain*

2021 ◽  
pp. 114-130
Author(s):  
Luara Ferracioli
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Skilled Migration ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
The Brain

This chapter argues that the immigration arrangements of liberal states in the area of skilled migration can sometimes contribute to the inability of citizens in poor countries to secure their human rights to health care and education. It argues that because liberal states have a duty not to contribute to harm abroad, they should not implement migration arrangements that lead to a situation whereby vulnerable populations are left without adequate access to important human rights. The upshot of the discussion is that liberal states do not only have a prima facie right to exclude but also a duty to exclude when the relevant conditions are met.

Immigration and the tech industry: As a labour shortage remedy, for innovation, or for cost savings?

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Matloff
Keyword(s):  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Service Firms ◽  
It Service ◽  
Labour Shortage ◽  
Labour Costs ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The U.S

The two main reasons cited by the U.S. tech industry for hiring foreign workers--remedying labour shortages and hiring "the best and the brightest"--are investigated, using data on wages, patents, and R&D work, as well as previous research and industry statements. The analysis shows that the claims of shortage and outstanding talent are not supported by the data, even after excluding the Indian IT service firms. Instead, it is shown that the primary goals of employers in hiring  foreign workers are to reduce labour costs and to obtain "indentured" employees. Current immigration policy is causing an ‘Internal Brain Drain’ in STEM.

Popular Resource Sovereignty

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leif Wenar
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Popular Sovereignty ◽  
State Sovereignty ◽  
The People ◽  
Rich Countries

Article 1 of both of the major human rights covenants declares that the people of each country “shall freely dispose of their natural wealth and resources.” This chapter considers what conditions would have to hold for the people of a country to exercise this right—and why public accountability over natural resources is the only realistic solution to the “resource curse,” which makes resource-rich countries more prone to authoritarianism, civil conflict, and large-scale corruption. It also discusses why cosmopolitans, who have often been highly critical of prerogatives of state sovereignty, have good reason to endorse popular sovereignty over natural resources. Those who hope for more cosmopolitan institutions should see strengthening popular resource sovereignty as the most responsible path to achieving their own goals.

Health and healthcare

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Abel Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Production Function ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
Healthcare Spending ◽  
Health Production ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Health Production Function ◽  
Important Message ◽  
Rich Countries

Chapter 1 provides a contextual frame for the book. An inquiry into the key concepts of health and healthcare is followed by an illustration of the general health production function, that is, the association between increasing healthcare inputs and resulting health outcomes. The important message is the pattern of positive but diminishing effects of healthcare on health: more healthcare improves health, but at a diminishing rate. The production function is also illustrated at the macro level: when considering the poor countries of the world, a strong association is observed between increased healthcare spending and the country’s life expectancy. However, among rich countries we observe a strongly diminishing effect of increased healthcare spending. Some further international comparisons are included to show that the richer a country gets, the higher the proportion of wealth it spends on healthcare.

Governance of Development Assistance: Issues and Challenges

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-264
Author(s):  
Navreet Kaur ◽  
Lhoukhokai Sitlhou
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Development Assistance ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Disaster Assistance ◽  
Governance Practices ◽  
Bilateral Assistance ◽  
Rich Countries

Good governance emphasises upon efficient and effective institutional mechanism, greater transparency, people’s participation, citizen-centric services and accountability. These reforms are not only limited to national governance practices but also applicable to distribution, disbursement and effectiveness of development assistance. The objective of development assistance is to provide opportunities to needy, deprived and disadvantageous sections of the society. The available data on development assistance clearly demonstrate that rich countries, Development Assistance Countries (DACs) provide financial assistance to poor countries and it has reached US$100 billion in recent years. Non-DAC bilateral assistance (NDBA) is more than US$8 billion in Office of Disaster Assistance (ODA) and US$5 billion annually in country programmable aid (CPA). Private aid (PrA) from DAC members contribute between US$58 billion and 68 billion per year. Total aid flows to developing countries currently amount to around US$180 billion annually. Multilateral aid agencies (around 230) outnumber donors and recipients combined. But the harsh reality is high percentage of illiteracy, high child mortality, gender inequality, prevalence of corruption and exclusion of needy people from the development process. The examination of the process and procedures involved in development process revealed that there are many challenges in the process adopted for allocation, methodological limitations, evaluation limitation, lack of coordination among multiple agencies, political compulsions of donor and recipient countries, transparency, accountability and multidimensional global financial markets compulsions. Certain measures can make development more inclusive and sustainable. Collective efforts of all agencies are the need of the hour to achieve the targets of sustainable development. Coordination among multiple agencies, capacity building of target population and involvement of private agencies in the development process will pave the way for sustainable development.

Dancing across Borders: ‘Exotic Dancers,’ Trafficking, and Canadian Immigration Policy

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 464-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Macklin
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Temporary Work ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Exotic Dancers ◽  
Discursive Analysis ◽  
Canadian Immigration ◽  
The Government

This article analyzes a Canadian immigration program that authorizes issuance of temporary work visas to ‘exotic dancers.’ In response to public criticism that the government was thereby implicated in the transnational trafficking of women into sexual exploitation, Citizenship and Immigration Canada retained the visa program de jure but eliminated it de facto. Using a legal and discursive analysis that focuses on the production of female labor migrants variously as workers, as criminals and as bearers of human rights, the article argues that the incoherence of Canadian policy can only be rendered intelligible when refracted through these different lenses. The article concludes by considering policy options available to the state in addressing the issue.

scholarly journals Consumer Motivation to Enhance Purchase Intention Towards Electric Vehicles in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 09003
Author(s):  
Haider Ali Abbasi ◽  
Zullina Hussain Shaari ◽  
Wajiha Moughal
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Consumer Adoption ◽  
Consumer Motivation ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
The Government ◽  
Rich Countries

Transportation is extremely important in contributing to the life quality development of urban areas. However, it has influenced negatively on individuals and the environment due to carbon emissions and gases. Worldwide, organizations and countries are exploring a solution and have developed Electric Vehicles (EVs) as the best possible solution. Electric vehicles emit no exhaust emissions and are powered by batteries. The adoption rate of EVs in rich countries is increasing year after year, while consumer adoption intention of EVs in poor countries is quite low, particularly in Malaysia. The ownership percentage of Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICEs) in Malaysia is 93 percent, placing it near the top of the globe, but EV adoption is just about 3.5 percent. Consumer awareness of EVs is quite low, which is why consumer adoption intentions toward EVs are not increasing. Malaysia is the world's 26th highest emitter of carbon and greenhouse gases (GHG). This study will assist in identifying the characteristics that can maximize consumer interest in EVs and will be beneficial to the government and industry in developing the market as stated in the Paris accord and achieving the Carbon Neutral Nation 2050 aim. The study will go through the motivators that lead consumers to purchase EVs. These characteristics will provide transportation sectors insights on bridging the demand and supply of sustainable vehicles.

scholarly journals Análisis crítico de los NeuroDerechos Humanos al libre albedrío y al acceso equitativo a tecnologías de mejora.

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-161
Author(s):  
Diego Alejandro Borbón Rodríguez ◽  
◽  
Luisa Fernanda Borbón Rodríguez ◽  
Jeniffer Laverde Pinzón
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Free Will ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
Equitable Access ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Legal Limits

Advances in neurotechnologies and artificial intelligence have led to an innovative proposal to establish ethical and legal limits to the development of technologies: Human NeuroRights. In this sense, the article addresses, first, some advances in neurotechnologies and artificial intelligence, as well as their ethical implications. Second, the state of the art on the innovative proposal of Human NeuroRights is exposed, specifically, the proposal of the NeuroRights Initiative of Columbia University. Third, the proposal for the rights of free will and equitable access to augmentation technologies is critically analyzed to conclude that, although it is necessary to propose new regulations for neurotechnologies and artificial intelligence, the debate is still very premature as if to try to incorporate a new category of human rights that may be inconvenient or unnecessary. Finally, some considerations on how to regulate new technologies are explained and the conclusions of the work are presented.

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