Immigration, Self-Determination, and the Brain Drain*

2021 ◽  
pp. 114-130
Author(s):  
Luara Ferracioli
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Skilled Migration ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
The Brain

This chapter argues that the immigration arrangements of liberal states in the area of skilled migration can sometimes contribute to the inability of citizens in poor countries to secure their human rights to health care and education. It argues that because liberal states have a duty not to contribute to harm abroad, they should not implement migration arrangements that lead to a situation whereby vulnerable populations are left without adequate access to important human rights. The upshot of the discussion is that liberal states do not only have a prima facie right to exclude but also a duty to exclude when the relevant conditions are met.

scholarly journals Poverty and Immigration Policy

2015 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
KIERAN OBERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Global Poverty ◽  
Substantial Evidence ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Poverty Measures ◽  
Rich Countries

What are the ethical implications of global poverty for immigration policy? This article finds substantial evidence that migration is effective at reducing poverty. There is every indication that the adoption of a fairly open immigration policy by rich countries, coupled with selective use of immigration restrictions in cases of deleterious brain drain, could be of significant assistance to people living in poor countries. Empirically there is nothing wrong with using immigration policy to address poverty. The reason we have to reject such an approach is not empirical but normative. People have human rights to stay in their home country and to migrate elsewhere. Counter poverty measures that require people to move or to stay are likely to violate these rights. Everyone should be free to migrate but no one should be forced to migrate. Using immigration policy to address global poverty, in place of alternatives, fails on both these counts.

scholarly journals English and the Brain Drain: an Uncertain Relationship

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Christopher Houtkamp
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Solid Solutions ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
The Political ◽  
Skilled Migration ◽  
Linguistic Justice ◽  
The World ◽  
The Brain

Abstract In his book Linguistic Justice for Europe and the World, Van Parijs analyses in one of his chapters the brain drain from non-Anglophone to Anglophone countries, which hurts the economic development of the non-Anglophone states. Van Parijs deems it clear that English is a very important factor to explain high-skilled migration. He, therefore, urges the non-Anglophone countries to relax their linguistic territorial constraints and allow English as a communication language in many different sectors, most notably higher education and scientific research. This would remove the incentive for potential expatriate brains to migrate for linguistic reasons. This article takes a closer look at Van Parijs’ reasoning and proposed solutions. It is concluded that the assumed connection between English and high-skilled migration cannot be proven empirically for research on this topic is scarcely available. Furthermore, the solutions presented by Van Parijs will produce uncertain results at best. Van Parijs rightfully puts the brain drain problem on the political and research agenda, but much more additional studies are needed to formulate solid solutions.

Should a Cosmopolitan Worry about the “Brain Drain”?

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devesh Kapur ◽  
John McHale
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Policy Response ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Many developing countries are experiencing high rates of emigration of their highly skilled citizens. This essay asks if a cosmopolitan—who we take to be generally supportive of freer international migration—should worry about the adverse effects on those remaining behind in poor countries. We document the extent of skilled outflows, discuss the causes and consequences of those outflows, and offer principles to guide a cosmopolitan policy response. We argue that skilled emigration harms long-run institutional development. The right response, however, is not to shut down the one reasonably liberal element of the international migration regime but to look for ways to make international migration work better for development.

Human Rights and the Brain Drain

1977 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.K. ONUOHA CHUKUNTA
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
The Brain

Counseling Chinese Communities in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1175-1201
Author(s):  
Rachel Sing Kiat Ting ◽  
Pei Lynn Foo
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Internal Barriers ◽  
Mainstream Culture ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Health Discipline

This chapter presents the experiences of Chinese in Malaysia (CIM), in the context of mental health services. As the second largest ethnic group in Malaysia, CIM is diverse in its dialectic subculture, education, generation, geography, and degree of assimilation to the mainstream culture. The chapter introduces the ecological characteristics of CIM and how they shape the unique psychological challenges. Though CIM are known for their multilingual ability, strong work ethics, emphasis on education, and family piety, the clashes between tradition and modern values, the marginalized position in the Malaysian political arena, the stereotype of overachiever in education, and the “brain drain” movement of young elite CIM, have all caused a strain in CIM families as well as individuals. Moreover, they face both external and internal barriers in getting quality mental health care. It is therefore imperative to promote a mental health discipline that is open to serve CIM, as well as being sensitive to its cultural and historical backdrop.

Turning Brain Drain into Brain Gain: Personal Reflections on Using the Diaspora Option

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
Uwem E. Ite
Keyword(s):  
Brain Drain ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Skilled Migration ◽  
Educational Decisions ◽  
Highly Skilled Migration ◽  
The North ◽  
Highly Skilled ◽  
Personal Reflections ◽  
The Brain

Brain drain is a global phenomenon and has always been so. It is a problem confronting and threatening development in Africa and other developing world regions. A study by Carrington and Detragiache concluded that there is an overall tendency for migration rates to be higher for highly educated individuals. Brain drain can therefore be seen as one of the more detrimental implications of organizational decline and crisis. Skilled migration, taking the form of brain drain and movements of professionals and job transfers, has become an important component of contemporary migration.3 Typically, in a historical context highly skilled migration involved the forced movement of professionals as a result of political conflicts, followed by the emergence of the “brain drain” in the 1960s. In the current situation highly skilled migration represents an increasingly large component of global migration streams.Common wisdom suggests that the migration of people with a high level of human capital is detrimental for the country of emigration. In other words, the loss of skilled human resources will ultimately have a grave effect on the economy and jeopardize development programs of the country experiencing brain drain, as the brain drain is a negative externality on the population left in the source country. However, as Mountford has shown, when educational decisions are endogenous and if successful emigration is not a certainty, a brain drain may increase the productivity of a developing country. There is also sufficient evidence to show that the migration of talent from the South to the North does not always mean that developing countries lose out.

scholarly journals Contemporary Migration Processes in Russia

Refuge ◽  
1994 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
I. Orlova ◽  
Y. Streltsova ◽  
E. Skvortsova
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Regional Migration ◽  
University Of Toronto ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Political Studies ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Refugee Issues ◽  
The Brain

This article, abridged from the Russian original, was published by the Institute of Socio-Political Studies of the Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, in 1993. Irena Orlova, Y. Streltsova and E. Skvortsova work in the Department of Sociology of Migration at the Institute. Dr. Orlova is the Head of the Department. The article was translated by A. Benifand and R. Kovaleva, York University, and edited by R. Brym, Professor of Sociology, University of Toronto. The article examines the contribution of migration to Russian population dynamics, inter-regional migration flows, the growth of regional and ethnic separatism, human rights problems associated with migration, refugee issues, and the "brain drain" from Russia. It is based on official demographic statistics and a wide range of sociological surveys. It focuses mainly on the period 1990-93 and contains a brief postscript bringing the analysis up to date.

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