A note on the water intake of ewes in late pregnancy and early lactation

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Early Lactation

SUMMARYThe water intake of individually penned ewes has been determined during the last 21 days of pregnancy and the first 21 days of lactation. Pregnant ewes carrying one lamb had lower water intakes than ewes carrying twins. Water intake per unit dry-matter intake increased as dry-matter intake declined.Lactating ewes suckling twin lambs consumed more water than ewes suckling singles although both groups had similar dry-matter intakes.

The effect of mechanical treatment of silage on intake and production of sheep

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Apolant ◽  
D. M. B. Chestnutt
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Physical Size ◽  
Lamb Growth

ABSTRACTOver a period of 3 years, silages subjected to various mechanical treatments by the use of conventional silage harvesters were offered ad libitum to pregnant ewes and to castrated male lambs and the effects on intake and productivity were measured. The intake of silage made from grass harvested with a precision-chop harvester was substantially greater than the intake of silage made with other types of harvester (especially, a flail harvester), causing a lower degree of comminution.Mean daily silage dry-matter intake of ewes was 0·99 kg and 1·28 kg in mid-pregnancy, and 0·85 kg and 1·10 kg in late pregnancy with flail-harvested and precision-chop silages respectively. Silage was supplemented with various levels of concentrate in late pregnancy and an increasing level of concentrates did not reduce silage intake. In early lactation, when 800 g concentrate was given daily, ewes consumed 1·00 kg flail-harvested silage and 1·39 kg precision-chop silage. Compared with flail-harvested silage, precision-chop silage increased ewe body weight immediately post lambing by 5·1 kg, lamb birth weight by 0·27 kg and lamb growth rate by 58 g/day. Increases in intake of precision-chop silages by hoggets were on average greater, though more variable, than by ewes and were reflected in increased carcass weight.The reason for the increased intake of the finely-chopped silage was examined. It would appear that the major factor is the physical size of particle involved though there was some evidence that improved fermentation resulting from finer chopping may have been partly responsible for increased intake.

Effect of forage type on the digestion of whole barley grain by breeding ewes

1990 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Chestnutt
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
Forage Type ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACTThe proportion of whole grain consumed that was voided intact in the faeces of ewes in late pregnancy and early lactation was measured for diets based on a range of forages in two experiments. The proportions of grain voided intact varied widely between ewes and was to some extent a characteristic of the individual ewe. During late pregnancy on hay-based diets the mean proportion of grain recovered was 0·053 with a range from 0·042 to 0·063 while on silage-based diets 0·135 (range 0·082 to 0·209) was recovered. On silage-based diets after lambing 0·196 and 0·235 of grain was voided intact in the faeces. The proportion of intact grain voided was affected by forage intake. The estimated increase in the proportion of grain voided intact was 0·012 measured over a range of forages before lambing and 0·021 on silage after lambing per 100 g increase in dry matter intake. However, when the total digestibility was measured, there were no differences between feeding of whole and processed grain where proportionately 0·06 of whole grain consumed was voided intact.

The relationship between protein nutrition, reproductive effort and breakdown in immunity toTeladorsagia circumcinctain periparturient ewes

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. M. Houdijk ◽  
I. Kyriazakis ◽  
F. Jackson ◽  
R. L. Coop
Keyword(s):  
Host Resistance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Teladorsagia Circumcincta ◽  
Nutrient Partitioning ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractA nutritional hypothesis for the occurrence of the periparturient relaxation of immunity (PPRI) to gastrointestinal nematodes was tested within the bounds of a nutrient partitioning framework. It was hypothesized that at times of a scarce supply of metabolizable protein (MP), an increase in MP supply or a reduction in MP demand (having singles instead of twins) should lower the extent of PPRI in sheep. Twenty-one single- and 21 twin-bearing and -rearing Finn-Dorset ewes, 2 to 7 years old, and repeatedly infected withTeladorsagia circumcincta, were given one of three pelleted foods (no. = 7). The foods were formulated to supply 0·8 (L), 1·0 (M) and 1·2 (H) times the MP requirements during lactation, and were offeredad libitumfrom d–21to d35(d0 is day of parturition). Faecal egg counts (FEC) were assessed twice weekly as an indicator for host resistance. Dry-matter intake (DMI) during late pregnancy was higher than expected, and MP supply did not limit performance at this stage. In accordance with the hypothesis, there were no indications of a breakdown of immunity toT. circumcinctaduring late pregnancy. DMI during lactation did not differ between the single- and twin-rearing ewes. Calculated milk production was lower for the L than for the M and H ewes, especially for the twin-rearing ewes. A temporarily elevated FEC was observed during the first few days in lactation, which was probably mainly due to changes in faecal output rather than to PPRI. The FEC returned to low, late pregnancy levels at d12and remained low for the single- but not for the twin-rearing ewes (P< 0·001). Overall, the L ewes had higher FEC than the M and H ewes from d19onwards; this effect was more pronounced for the twin- than for the single-rearing ewes. It was postulated that DMI achieved overcame MP scarcity and thus prevented breakdown in immunity in the single-rearing ewes. The data support the view that, at times of MP scarcity, an increase in MP supply and reduction in MP demand can lower the extent of the breakdown in immunity towardsT. circumcincta.

PSXIV-9 Predicting dry matter intake in beef cattle with water intake and other variables

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 478-478
Author(s):  
Matthew E Wilson ◽  
Kevin Shaffer ◽  
Shane Plum ◽  
Kevin Garossino ◽  
Nicky Lansink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Visit Frequency ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Full Body

Abstract Technology that facilitates estimation of individual animal intake rates in group-housed settings will result in improvements in animal production and management efficiency. Estimating intake in pasture settings may benefit from models that use other variables as proxies. Relationships among dry matter intake (DMI), animal performance variables, and environmental variables to model DMI were investigated. 202 animals were studied in a drylot setting (153 bulls for 85 days and 55 steers for 55 days) using VYTELLE SENSETM In-Pen-Weighing and Feed-Intake nodes. A machine learning model was calibrated using: DMI, sex, age, full body weight, ADG, water intake, water visit frequency and duration. DMI was positively related to full body weight (r = 0.39, P &lt; 0.001), water intake (r=0.23, P &lt; 0.001), and ADG (r=0.18, P &lt; 0.001). In addition, DMI had significant but weak correlations with water visit frequency (r=0.031, P &lt; 0.001). DMI exhibited weak negative relationships with maximum air temperature (r=-0.094, P &lt; 0.001) maximum relative humidity (r=-0.056, P &lt; 0.001), net radiation (r=-0.040, P &lt; 0.001), and precipitation (r=-0.022, P &lt; 0.001). Weak positive relationships were observed between DMI and maximum wind speed (r=0.031, P &lt; 0.001) and direction (r=-0.022, P &lt; 0.001). The model was validated with resultant average RMSE of 1.06 kg for daily predicted DMI compared to measured daily DMI. In addition, when daily predicted DMI was averaged for each animal, the accuracy of model results improved with RMSE of 0.11 kg. Study results demonstrate that inclusion of water intake and animal performance variables improves predictive accuracy of DMI. Validating and refining the model used to predict DMI in drylots will facilitate future extrapolation to larger group field settings. Vytelle and its logo are trademarks of Vytelle, LLC.

scholarly journals Productive and economic performance of goats of different genetic groups

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Barros Oliveira ◽  
Wandrick Hauss Sousa ◽  
Flávio Gomes Oliveira ◽  
Felipe Queiroga Cartaxo ◽  
Edgard Cavalcante Pimenta Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Profit Margin ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Intake Water

SUMMARY This study aimed to evaluate the bio-economic performance in confinement crossbred goats from different genetic groups. Were used 30 goats, crossbred (F1) intact male, 10 goats Boer x SPRD (undefined breed), 10 x Savannah SPRD and 10 Oberhasli x SPRD, with an average weight of 15 kg and an average age of 100 days. The initial weight was evaluated, final body weight, average daily gain, total weight gain, dry matter intake, water intake, feed conversion and days on feed. As an economic indicator was calculated gross profit margin (MB), the average dry matter intake, the confinement period, the cost of each diet and the cost of vaccines and medicines. We used the 5% Tukey test for comparisons between treatment means. For the variables weight gain, dry matter intake, water intake and body condition score averages observed did not differ between the genetic groups. There was significant effect (P> 0.05) of genetic groups on days on feed. The biological performance of the goats finished in feedlot was not influenced by genetic group. In bioeconomic analysis was no significant difference (P> 0.05) between the evaluated racial groups. Gross profit margin was negative for the mestizos Pardo Alpine x SPRD. The cross between the Boer breed and without defined breed results in premature animals, reaching slaughter weights with reduced confinement period. In the feedlot finishing system crossbred Boer goats x SPRD showed better economic performance, providing greater profitability to the creator.

scholarly journals Intake, physiological parameters and behavior of Angus and Nellore bulls subjected to heat stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 4565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ériton Egidio Lisboa Valente ◽  
Mario Luiz Chizzotti ◽  
Cristiane Viol Ribeiro de Oliveira ◽  
Matheus Castilho Galvão ◽  
Silas Sebastião Domingues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
And Behavior

<p>Genetics differences between breeds may determine the tolerance to high temperature, effect dry matter intake and consequently cattle performance. The effect of temperature and humidity index (THI) on diurnal, nocturnal and daily intake, water intake, physiologic parameters and behavior of Nellore (<em>B. indicus</em>) and Angus (<em>B. taurus</em>) bulls were evaluated. Eight Angus and eight Nellore young bulls (337±7.4 kg and 16 months of age) were allocated in two climate-controlled rooms for 32 days. In the period 1, all bulls were housed in thermoneutral conditions (TN, THI = 72.6) for 10 days. In period 2 (10 days), four Angus and four Nellore bulls were subjected to low heat stress (LHS, THI = 76.4) in daytime, and four Angus and four Nellore bulls were subjected to high heat stress (HHS, THI = 81.5) in daytime. The diurnal and daily dry matter intake (DMI) of Nellore were not affected (P&gt;0.05) by heat stress. However, Angus bulls decreased diurnal DMI by 24% and daily DMI decreased (P&lt;0.05) by 15% on HHS. In TN Angus bulls had higher (P&lt;0.05) daily DMI (36.2 g/kg of BW) than Nellore (29.1 g/kg of BW), but in HHS they had similar (P&gt;0.05) daily DMI (31.6 and 30.2 g/kg of BW, respectively). We observed an increase (P&lt;0.05) in respiratory frequency, but water intake was not affected (P&gt;0.05) by heat stress. The heart rate decreased (P&lt;0.05) with heat stress. No differences were found (P&gt;0.05) in feeding behavior. Therefore, THI stress threshold should distinct for Angus and Nellore bulls. The use of feed intake information may improve the prediction of thermic discomfort on specific climate condition. </p>

Phosphorus homoeostasis in grazing breeder cattle

1997 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. TERNOUTH ◽  
D. B. COATES
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Growing Cattle ◽  
Negative Balance ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
P Absorption

The phosphorus (P) balances and 32P kinetics of 15 Droughtmaster heifers were studied in mid and late pregnancy and early and late lactation to compare their P absorption coefficients and their P endogenous faecal losses with those of growing cattle. The heifers continuously grazed three paddocks of tropical pasture for a year to provide a range of P intakes.The daily dry matter (DM) and P intakes of the heifers were generally much higher during lactation (17–26 g DM/kg LW and 11–40 mg P/kg LW) than during pregnancy (10–16 g DM/kg LW and 6–22 mg P/kg LW), due in part to the heifers calving at the beginning of the wet (pasture growing) season. Plasma inorganic P levels decreased as the experiment progressed and were very low (<30 mg/l) in all treatments in late lactation. Milk and milk P secretion were high in early lactation (4·0–5·5 l/day and 12–16 mg P/kg LW per day) so the heifers were in more negative balance during lactation than during pregnancy.The coefficient of P absorption was similar to that previously observed in growing cattle consuming forage diets and it was concluded that 0·75 was the appropriate value to use in the estimation of requirements. Endogenous faecal losses ranged from 7 to 17 mg/kg LW and were related to P intake or DM intake plus plasma inorganic P. Comparison of the regressions with those from the larger data set for growing cattle showed that the endogenous faecal losses were similar and there were no special faecal endogenous losses in breeding cattle.

Effect of reproductive state and concentrate supplementation on liquid and particulate turnover in the rumen of ewes given ammonia treated straw

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1579 ◽  
Author(s):  
JF Perez ◽  
J Gasa ◽  
C Castrillo ◽  
JA Guada
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Reproductive State ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Breeding Status

Rates of passage of liquid and particulate markers (Co-EDTA, Cr mordanted fibres and Yb) were measured in ewes at late pregnancy, lactation and non-breeding status. Animals were given ammonia treated barley straw ad libitum supplemented daily with 250 and 550 (pregnancy), 550 and 850 (lactation) and 250, 550 and 850 (non-breeding) g of concentrate. The effect of the reproductive state was analysed only on ewes fed on 550 g of concentrate. Lactating ewes showed a higher voluntary straw intake (970 g/day) than pregnant or non-breeding ewes (720 and 790 g/day respectively), but there were not significant differences in the OM digestibility (OMD) among reproductive states. Increasing concentrate supplementation promoted significant decreases in the voluntary intake of straw, associated with an enhanced OMD ( P < 0.05). Fractional outflow rates (FOR/h) were higher in pregnant and non-breeding than in lactating ewes, although differences were only significant ( P < 0.01) for Chromium derived values. Ewes given 250 g of concentrate showed lower ( P < 0.05) FOR than those given 550 and 850 g/day. Results support the idea that in ruminants fed on low quality roughages, voluntary dry matter intake is mainly restricted by rumen capacity, although the energy status of the animals might influence the extent of this restriction.

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