A comparison of tissue development in Pietrain and Large White pigs from birth to 64 kg live weight 2. Growth changes in muscle distribution

1974 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Entire Range ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
White Female ◽  
Large White ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Growth Changes ◽  
Allometric Analysis ◽  
Total Muscle

SUMMARYHalf carcasses of 18 Pietrain and 18 Large White female pigs were each dissected into 93 muscle units. An allometric analysis of the weight of these units relative to total muscle revealed increasing craniocaudal and distoproximal growth gradients, which were more pronounced in the Pietrain.The greater total weight of muscle, shown previously for the Pietrain at any given body weight over the range studied, was not due to higher muscle weights in any particular region at birth, but at 60 kg body weight was due to heavier high impetus muscles. Heart weight relative to total muscle weight was higher for the Large White over the entire range.It is concluded that for the animals studied the changes in muscle distribution are related to the functional demands of an increase in body size, and that the muscle distribution of pigs can differ between breeds.

A comparison of tissue development in Pietrain and Large White pigs from birth to 64 kg live weight. 3. Growth changes in bone distribution

1975 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
White Female ◽  
Tissue Development ◽  
Large White ◽  
Large White Breed ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Growth Changes ◽  
Allometric Analysis

SUMMARYHalf carcasses of 18 Pietrain and 18 Large White female pigs were dissected into 10 bone units. An allometric analysis of the weights of these units relative to total bone revealed increasing craniocaudal and distoproximal growth gradients. No differences in bone distribution were observed between the two breeds. Because of a difference in muscle distribution, the muscle: bone ratio in the femoral region of the Pietrain was greater than that of the Large White breed.

Breed and sex differences in equally mature sheep and goats 3. Muscle weight distribution

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Thonney ◽  
St C. S. Taylor ◽  
J. I. Murray ◽  
T. H. McClelland
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Weight Distribution ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Total Muscle

ABSTRACTMales and females from Soay, Welsh Mountain, Southdown, Finnish Landrace, Jacob, Wiltshire Horn and Oxford Down sheep breeds and a breed of feral goats were slaughtered when they reached 0·40, 0·52, 0·64 or 0·76 of the mean mature body weight of their breed and sex. Total weight of dissected muscle was close to 0·30 times fleece-free empty body weight, or 0·24 times live weight, for all breeds and stages of maturity. The growth of 12 individual muscles or muscle groups dissected from the commercially higher-valued joints of the carcass, was examined in relation to live weight and total muscle weight. Limb muscles matured early. All 12 muscles, when combined, also matured early so that the proportion of lean tissue from the higher-valued joints declined as live weight increased.There were small but significant sex differences in the relative growth rate of some muscles. The abdominal muscles were early maturing for males and average for females. There were also sex differences in muscle weight distribution. The proportion of muscle in the hind limb of females was 1·055 times that in males, while the 12 muscles from higher-valued cuts constituted 0·403 of total carcass muscle for females and 0·389 for males, a proportional difference of 0·035.Muscle weight distribution was unrelated to breed size with the possible exception of m. gastrocnemius which appeared to be relatively smaller in genetically larger breeds. After accounting for differences in mature weight, there remained small but significant breed deviations in muscle weight distribution. Southdowns had the most attractive distribution. Feral goats and Jacob sheep, although they had the highest proportion of total muscle, had a much less attractive distribution.

A comparison of tissue development in Pietrain and Large White pigs from birth to 64 kg live weight 1. Growth changes in carcass composition

1974 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Large White ◽  
Weight Range ◽  
Breed Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Growth Changes ◽  
Logarithmic Weight

SUMMARYFemale pigs of the Pietrain and Large White breeds, 18 from each, selected to form a logarithmic weight range, were dissected into their major carcass tissues. Relative to carcass growth, fat was the fastest developing tissue in both breeds; fat and muscle grew at a rate higher, and bone at a rate lower, than the carcass. The growth of bone relative to carcass growth was faster in the Large White; differences between breeds in the growth of muscle and fat were not significant. Muscle weights and muscle: bone ratios, estimated at the same empty body weight, were greater for the Pietrain over the entire body weight range studied. There was no significant difference in muscle: bone ratio between the Large Whites used in the present study and those dissected by McMeekan over 30 years previously. The breed difference in the proportion of muscle and bone at the same body weight is attributed to a greater maturity of the Pietrain.

An empirical model for estimating feed allowances for breeding sows

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 ◽  
pp. 33-33
Author(s):  
C T Whittemore
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Maternal Body ◽  
Large White ◽  
Model Components

Provision of nutrient allowances for sows necessitates a view of requirements for growth and reproductive efficacy, and a method to predict response to the nutrients provided. An experiment involving 102 Large White x Landrace sows given a diet of 13.2MJ DE and 162g CP per kg over 4 parities has been used to derive some of the necessary model components. If live weight and fatness at first conception are 125kg and 14mm P2 respectively, and maternal body weight at term parity 4 is 250kg, and when weaning to oestrus interval (days) = 27(±5) - 1.3(±0.4)P2(mm) at weaning: then the equations, change in P2(mm) in 28-day lactation = -0.28(±0.82) - 0.27(±0.03)P2 at parturition +0.037(±0.003) lactation feed intake - 0.50(±0.06) number of piglets at weaning, and change in maternal live weight (kg) in 28-day lactation = -3.8(±4.6) - 0.15(±0.02) maternal weight at parturition + 0.36 (±0.02) lactation feed intake - 3.3(±0.3) number of piglets at weaning, can be used to predict fat and live weight changes in lactation.

Path analysis of body weight in grower and finisher pigs

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Machebe ◽  
A. G. Ezekwe ◽  
G. C. Okeke ◽  
S. Banik
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
The Body ◽  
White Female ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Large White ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Biometric Measurements

The aim of this study was to set up direct and indirect casual effects between body weight and biometric measurements of breeding gilts at growing and finishing stages of production using path analysis. Body weights of 50 crossbred (Landrace x Large White) female pigs were measured along with four biometric traits (body length, heart girth, flank-to-flank, height-at-withers) on each animal during growing and finishing stages of production. A computed mean of 1150 measurements per biometric trait taken during the entire study was subjected to path coefficient analysis using the correlation matrix approach. High positive and significant correlations (>84.3%) were observed between different biometric measurements. However, path analysis of these traits on body weight of pigs revealed that heart girth is the major contributor to the body weight of the pig with a higher amount of direct effect of 0.6539 (R2 = 95.25). The direct effects of body length and flank-to-flank measurements on body weight of the pigs were less. These traits mostly affect body weight indirectly via heart girth. Finding of the present investigation demonstrated that heart girth was the most important contributor to body weight of grower and finisher pigs and thus was recommended for quick estimation of body weight of breeding gilts under field or market conditions than other biometric traits. In addition, it could also be used for the construction of selection index for breeding gilts at both phases of growth.

Breed and sex differences in muscle distribution in equally mature sheep

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Taylor ◽  
M. A. Mason ◽  
T. H. McClelland
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Percentage Decrease ◽  
Individual Muscle ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Percentage Basis ◽  
Total Muscle

ABSTRACTSheep from the Soay, Southdown, Finnish Landrace and Oxford Down breeds were serially slaughtered at 40, 52, 64 and 76% of their estimated mature body weight. Breed and sex comparisons of muscle distribution wee made at these degrees of maturity. Comparisons were based on 12 individual muscles obtained from the prime retailjoints. Together, these 12 muscles represented about 41 % of total weight ofmuscle in the carcass. Highly significant breed and sex differences in the weight of individual muscles were obtained, but these differences were greatly reduced when values were expressed as a percentage of total muscle weight.On a percentage basis, there were significant changes with stage of maturity in only three of the muscles studied, although most individual muscles showed an initial percentage decrease with increasing maturity (from 40 to 52%) but almost no change thereafter. Significant breed differences in muscle distribution were found. The individual muscles examined, when combined, comprised 40·8, 43·4, 40·5 and 39·8 % of total muscle weight respectively in the Soay, Southdown, Finnish Landrace and Oxford Down. No breed was significantly above average for every individual muscle, but the Southdown had the highest percentage in 6 out of 12 and might therefore be said to have had the most preferred muscle distribution. For most muscles examined, the percentage was slightly higher for females than for males, with totals for all 12 muscles of 41·9 and 40·4% respectively.

Growth of bovine tissues 2. Genetic influences on muscle growth and distribution in young bulls

1978 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Berg ◽  
B. B. Andersen ◽  
T. Liboriussen
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Development ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
The Body ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Tissue Separation ◽  
Total Muscle

ABSTRACTMuscle weight distribution was compared by jointing and complete tissue separation of carcasses from 277 young male progeny of eight sire breeds and two dam breeds, serially slaughtered at 300 kg live weight, 12 months and 15 months of age. The sire breeds were Simmental, Charolais, Danish Red and White, Romagnola, Chianina. Hereford, Blonde d'Aquitaine and Limousin; the dam breeds were Danish Red and Danish Black Pied.Growth impetus for muscle in each joint was established from the allometric equation (Y = aXb). Growth coefficients, b, were homogenous among breeds, indicating similar muscle development patterns over the range of weights studied. Growth impetus waves increased centripetally on the limbs, caudocephalically on the whole of the body (being more marked dorsally) and dorsoventrally on the trunk.There were small but significant breed differences in the proportion of muscle in different joints at similar total muscle weight. They probably reflect differences in maturity and other minor functional influences. Chianina and Hereford crosses were the two extremes for muscle distribution with many of the remaining breed groups being very similar. Differences were already established by 300 kg live weight and muscle growth patterns were similar among breeds over the range of the experiment.

The Effects of Dry Sow Housing Conditions on Bone Strength and Muscle Conformation

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 42-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.N. Marchant ◽  
D.M. Broom
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Bone Strength ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Large White ◽  
Genetic Stock ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Three Point Bend Test ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Point Bend ◽  
Total Body

Lameness is the second commonest cause of culling in breeding sows after reproductive failure and can occur as a result of physical injury, infection or inherent leg weakness. Lameness incidence may be affected by both genetic and environmental factors, and is especially prevalent in confined systems such as stalls and tethers, which restrict the amount of exercise that the sows can perform. Confinement, with a corresponding lack of exercise, has been shown to affect bone strength in poultry but this weakness has not been documented in other species housed in confinement. The objectives of this experiment were to compare bone strength and muscle conformation in sows housed in two different dry sow systems.A total of 18 non-pregnant Large White X Landrace sows of similar age, parity and genetic stock, were studied in two different dry sows systems: 1) permanent stalls (n=8) and 2) a large group with Electronic Sow Feeder system (n=10). All sows were weighed and following slaughter by pentabarbitone injection, the left thoracic and pelvic limbs were dissected and five forelimb and nine hindlimb locomotory muscles were removed and weighed. The muscles were chosen partly on the basis of perceived importance for locomotion and partly on the basis of ease of identification and removal. A proportional muscle weight was then calculated by dividing individual muscle weight (in grams) by total body weight (in kilograms). This removed any differences in muscle weight due purely to differences in total body weight between systems. The left humerus and femur were also removed, and were broken by a three-point bend test using an Instron Universal Tester.

A note on meat production from pigs slaughtered after first weaning a litter

1973 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kotarbińska ◽  
J. Kielanowski
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
White Female ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Large White ◽  
Protein Deposition

SUMMARYFourteen Large White female pigs were mated at about 6 months of age and 90 kg live weight. Three of them gave birth to very small litters and were slaughtered a week after parturition at an average live weight of 166 kg. From the other 11 females 6-week-old litters with average an of 8-8 piglets were weaned. Twenty-four days after weaning the mothers, averaging 152 kg live weight, were slaughtered. Performance was compared with that of unmated females slaughtered at 90 or 130 kg live weight. After subtracting the amount of feed used normally for the production of weaned litters from the total feed consumption of the 14 females which farrowed, the feed intake per 1 kg live-weight gain was 3·67 kg, as compared with 3·43 kg and 4·46 kg in the groups slaughtered at 90 or 130 kg live weight, respectively. The average daily protein deposition in the 14 females together with their litters was 119·6 g, compared with 104·1 and 81·4 g in the control groups.

Estimation of protein, chemical fat and energy content in pigs

1962 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zofia Osińska
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Large White ◽  
Body Components ◽  
Edible Parts

Complete chemical analyses of all body components of 20 Large White pigs were carried out. At the average live-weight of 90·3 kg. (empty body weight 86·5 kg.) the total protein content was found to be 12·7 kg. and that of the chemical fat 25·4 kg. The edible parts of the carcass (i.e. lean and separable fat) contained only 58·5% (range 55·2–61·3) of the total protein but as much as 85% of the total chemical fat. Simple and multiple correlations were computed between various carcass characters and protein, chemical fat and energy content. The results indicate that it may be possible to obtain fairly accurate estimates of the chemical composition and energy content of the edible parts of the carcass, of the whole carcass, and of the empty body by methods based on various systems of assessing the carcass quality.

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