Abnormal patterns of ovarian activity in dairy cows and their relationships with reproductive performance

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Claire Bulman ◽  
P. D. P. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Intravaginal Device ◽  
Ovarian Cycles

ABSTRACTProgesterone profiles were obtained from 533 dairy cows during the interval from calving to the re-establishment of pregnancy by twiceweekly radioimmunoassay of milk progesterone. The importance of abnormal patterns of ovarian activity on herd fertility was determined. Animals were divided into five categories based on profile analysis: A, normal; B, delayed start to ovarian cycles; C, cessation of cycles; D, prolonged luteal activity; and E, silent oestrus. Animals in categories B to E were subdivided into treatment groups: categories B and C either (i) untreated controls, (ii) single injection 0·5 mg luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (Hoechst) or (iii) progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (Abbott Laboratories Ltd) inserted for 14 days; categories D and E either (i) untreated controls or (ii) single injection 0-5 mg cloprostenol (Imperial Chemical Industries).The proportion of cows in each category was: A 77·5%; B 4·9%; C 5·1%; D 1·9%; and E 10·7%. The incidence of ‘normal’ cows was 75% (first lactation), 80% (2nd to 5th lactations) and 69% (5th to 11th lactations). For normal cows (no. = 413) the interval to the start of cyclicity varied significantly with season but was not correlated with either the intervals to first insemination or to conception. In categories B to E the open period, the number of services per conception, and the days from first insemination to conception were greater than in category A, but only in category C were any differences significant. None of the treatments reduced calving-toconception intervals.

CIRCULATING LUTEINIZING HORMONE AND TESTOSTERONE RESPONSE IN RAMS AFTER LUTEINIZING HORMONE RELEASING HORMONE TREATMENT

1974 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Galloway ◽  
Y. Cotta ◽  
J. Pelletier ◽  
M. Terqui
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Injection Level ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Quantitative Manner ◽  
Lh Rh ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT The relationship between the secretions of LH and testosterone after LH-RH administration was tested in entire rams. Three groups of two rams received, intravenously, 100 μg; 800 μg LH-RH in single injection; or 100 μg × 7 injections at half-hour intervals respectively and samples were collected every 10 or 20 min for 6 hours. Plasma LH and testosterone were assayed by radioimmunoassay. The quantity of LH released following 800 μg LH-RH was higher than released after 100 μg LH-RH and there was a positive correlation between the total amount of LH released after LH-RH and the amount of testosterone released. It seems probable that the pre-injection level of testosterone regulates in a quantitative manner the effect of a given dose of LH-RH. In the case of successive injections of LH-RH, the plasma LH rose to a plateau but the last two treatments failed to prevent the decline in the level of LH. This suggests that testosterone, still high at the time, directly blocked the effect of LH-RH at the level of the pituitary.

scholarly journals The puerperium in dairy cows: ovarian activity, uterine involution and follicular dynamics

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos Dos Santos Breda ◽  
Luiz Ernandes Kozicki
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Uterine Involution ◽  
Follicular Dynamics

The study of ovarian follicular dynamics (OFD) and other changes in the bovine reproductive tract has developedsignificantly over the past two decades, primarily due to the use of non-invasive investigative approaches suchas ultrasound. Advances in ultrasound examinations have provided a better understanding of ovarian activity,uterine involution, oviducts status, and other segments of the reproductive tract in the bovine postpartumperiod. Procedures including tracking of the reproductive tract have likewise aided in the development of newmethodologies and techniques to improve reproductive performance in cattle. The aim of this review was tosummarize knowledge regarding the reproductive tract in dairy cows during the postpartum period.

Effect of genetic merit on postpartum follicular development, milk production, body weight and, insulin and glucose levels in dairy cows

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 188-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E.M. Snijders ◽  
K. O'Farrell ◽  
M. P. Boland ◽  
P. Dillon ◽  
M. Diskin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Genetic Merit ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Production Body

Efficient milk production in Ireland in both spring and autumn calving herds is very much dependent on compact calving. This requires an early resumption of ovarian activity, high submission rate, and pregnancy rate to service. Since 1984 there has been an increase in the genetic merit of Irish dairy herds. High genetic merit animals have reduced reproductive performance due to the demands of high milk yield (Nebel and McGilliard, 1993) and the loss of body weight and body condition (Butler and Smith, 1989). However, little comparative data on the reproductive performance of dairy cows of different genetic merit are available. The objective of this study was therefore, to determine the relationship between genetic merit of dairy cows and follicular growth patterns, milk production, body weight loss, insulin and glucose levels in early lactation.

scholarly journals Ovarian Activity and Reproductive Performance of Dairy Cows Fed Different Amounts of Phosphorus

2005 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 3609-3618 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K. Tallam ◽  
A.D. Ealy ◽  
K.A. Bryan ◽  
Z. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Ovarian Activity

Isolated Menses in Prepubertal Girls

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Matilde Blanco-Garcia ◽  
Danièle Evain-Brion ◽  
Marc Roger ◽  
Jean Claude Job
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Vaginal Bleeding ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽  
Plasma Estradiol ◽  
Prepubertal Girls

Seventeen prepubertal girls 1 to 8 years of age were studied for the complaint of vaginal bleeding of apparent uterine origin. The bleeding was considered as isolated menses because it lasted two to five days and no other signs of sexual development or any detectable vaginal or uterine abnormalities were found. Eleven girls had two or more apparent menstrual periods, six experienced only one period. Height and bone age were not significantly different from normal. Laparoscopy or ultrasonography showed normal prepubertal uterine size, with either prepubertal ovaries or ovaries containing follicular cysts. Plasma gonadotrophins and their response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone were at prepubertal levels. Plasma estradiol level was significantly above the normal prepubertal range, suggesting transient ovarian activity and instability of the pituitarygonadal axis in these girls. Isolated menses occurred mainly during the months of September to January, thus leading us to speculate about possible seasonal variations of hormonal regulation.

The incidence of prolonged luteal function following early resumption of ovarian activity in post partum dairy cows

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 187-187
Author(s):  
P.J.H. Ball ◽  
E.E.A. McEwan
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Subsequent Pregnancy ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Luteal Function ◽  
Milk Samples

Early onset of ovarian activity post partum is thought to benefit reproductive performance in dairy cows (e.g. Darwash et al., 1997). However, as in the lactating ewe (Aitken et al., 1995), very early resumption may be detrimental to subsequent conception. An experiment was conducted to determine whether cows commencing ovarian activity very early would be more likely to suffer problems such as prolonged luteal function.Milk samples were collected from 133 individual multiparous cows three times a week, from approximately one week after calving until the subsequent pregnancy was well established. Profiles of progesterone, measured by ELISA, were used to detect the start of ovarian activity, prolonged luteal function (high values until 24 or more days after the start of ovarian activity or subsequent ovulations), and pregnancy.

Serum gonadotropin levels in mature male goldfish in response to luteinizing hormone – releasing hormone (LH-RH) and des-Gly10-[D-Ala6]-LH-RH ethylamide

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1100-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Peter
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Serum Gonadotropin ◽  
Lh Rh ◽  
Sexually Mature

Sexually mature male goldfish, acclimated to 12–14 °C, were injected intraperitoneally with luteinizing hormone – releasing hormone (LH-RH) or the superactive analogue des-Gly10-[D-Ala6]-LH-RH ethylamide (G-A-LH-RH-E). Treatments were a single injection, two injections 12 h apart, and three injections 24 h apart at dosages of 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 μg/g body weight. Blood samples were taken at 1 or 1.5, 6, and 24 h after the last injection for measurement of serum gonadotropin (GtH) by radioimmunoassay. Serum GtH levels were highest following two injections of LH-RH or G-A-LH-RH-E given 12 h apart; a single injection of the peptides produced the smallest change in GtH levels. The analogue caused a response of longer duration than did LH-RH in certain circumstances. The data also demonstrate that self-potentiation and self-suppression of response can occur under certain treatment conditions with LH-RH and the analogue.

Changes in ovarian follicular dynamics and luteinizing hormone profiles following different progestagen treatments in cattle

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Taylor ◽  
M. Manikkam ◽  
R. Rajamahendran
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Implant Removal ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Intravaginal Device ◽  
Follicular Dynamics

Twelve cyclic non-lactating cows were allocated at random to three treatment groups (IN, NP and 2N). Cows in the 1N group (n = 4) received an ear implant containing Norgestomet at pro-estrus (day 0 = day of Norgestomet-implant insertion). Cows in the NP group (n = 4) received a progesterone-releasing intravaginal device 3 d after a Norgestomet implant at pro-estrus, and cows in the 2N group (n = 4) received a second Norgestomet implant 3 d after the first implant at pro-estrus. Treatments were terminated on day 9. Ultrasonic examination of the ovaries was carried out before, during and after treatment to monitor follicular dynamics. Serial blood samples were collected every 15 min for 8 h from all cows on days 3 and 6 after initiation of treatments to characterize the luteinizing hormone (LH) profiles. The dominant follicle was maintained for 9 d in all IN cows, and upon implant removal all cows ovulated. In both NP and 2N cows, the dominant follicle regressed and a new cohort of small follicles appeared before the end of the treatment. The dominant follicle from this pool ovulated after implant removal in all NP cows. In the 2N group, only one cow ovulated after implant removal; the dominant follicles in the remainder became cystic and did not ovulate. Decreases in pulse frequency, amplitude and mean plasma LH were observed in the NP cows, compared with IN cows (P < 0.05), but no change in LH-pulse frequency was observed in the 2N cows. This study shows clearly that maintenance and regression of the dominant follicle are associated with changes in progesterone and LH environment. Key words: Progestin, dominant follicle, ultrasound, regression, luteinizing hormone, cattle

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