The influence of dietary protein intake during lactation on the reproductive performance of sows

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. MacPherson ◽  
F. W. H. Elsley ◽  
R. I. Smart
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Large White ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

SUMMARY1. Forty-five Large White gilts were given 2·20 kg daily of a diet containing 14·0% crude protein during three successive pregnancies. During a 6-week lactation they received 5·30 kg daily of one of three diets containing 19·0% (HP), 16·5% (MP) or 14·0% (LP) crude protein.2. Daily milk yield was estimated on the 10th, 20th, 30th and 40th day of lactation. Milk samples were obtained from the same sows for the determination of protein, fat, lactose and total solids on the 11th, 21st, 31st and 41st day.3. One sow and litter from each treatment in each lactation was placed in metabolism cages during lactation and estimates of nitrogen and dry matter excretion obtained.4. As the concentration of protein in the diet decreased the average 42-day gain in litter weight from birth increased significantly in the first lactation. This trend continued in the second lactation although it was not significant but did not appear in the third.5. There was no marked difference in daily milk yield between treatment groups.6. There was a significantly greater loss of live weight by the sows on the lower levels of protein in the first lactation. These differences were not significant in the second and third lactations.

scholarly journals Dry period length in Montbéliarde cows and its association with selected production and functional characteristics

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 555-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Januś ◽  
D. Borkowska
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Period Length ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Abstract. The study evaluated the effects of selected factors (dry period number, milk yield in standard lactation and length of full lactation) on the length of dry periods. The effect of dry period length on milk yield and composition, the frequency of milk samples with different somatic cell counts (SCC) and the course of lactation were also analysed. The study included 491 cycles (dry period and lactation) and 4 998 results of test-day milking conducted in a herd of 230 Montbéliarde cows. The cows were kept in a free-stall barn and fed total mixed rations (TMR). The average length of the dry period was found to be 85 days. The first dry period was 34-45 days longer than subsequent ones, which may have been due to the cows becoming acclimated after having been brought to the farm as in calf heifers. Increasing milk yield in standard lactation was accompanied by significantly shorter dry periods. The most beneficial dry periods in terms of milk yield were those lasting 22-41 days. The lowest yield was noted in lactations preceded by a dry period reduced to 0-21 days. However, this milk contained the most fat, protein and dry matter and the SCC did not exceed 400 000 cells/ml in 73.3 % of cases. The decrease in daily milk yield from its peak in the 2nd month to the 10th month after calving was smallest in cows with dry periods of 57-84 days, which may suggest that lactations in these cows were the most persistent.

Determination of heat stress zone for daily milk yield using carryover heat effect model in Murrah buffaloes

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramandeep Kaur Dhaliwal ◽  
Puneet Malhotra ◽  
Neeraj Kashyap ◽  
Shakti Kant Dash ◽  
Lakhvir Kaur Dhaliwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Heat Effect ◽  
Murrah Buffaloes ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Stress Zone ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Lactational performance, nursing and maternal behavior of Upton-Meishan and Large White sows

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Farmer ◽  
M. F. Palin ◽  
M. T. Sorensen ◽  
S. Robert
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Sample ◽  
Maternal Behavior ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Large White ◽  
Lactational Performance ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

The growth of litters from 19 Upton-Meishan (UM) and 16 Large White (LW) sows was recorded from birth to weaning (25 d of age). Water and feed intake of sows were recorded. Suckling behavior was studied on days 5 and 20 of lactation. Milk yield was measured on day 22 and a milk sample was obtained the next day. Water intakes were similar (P = 0.947) for both breeds, yet UM sows consumed less feed throughout lactation (P = 0.0002). Average piglet (P < 0.05) and total litter (P < 0.001) weights were greater as of day 7 in UM compared to LW sows. Mean piglet weight on day 24 was 6.13 ± 0.16 kg for UM litters and 5.33 ± 0.33 kg for LW litters. Suckling interval was similar for UM and LW litters on day 5 (P = 0.533), but was shorter for UM litters on day 20 (41.4 ± 1.2 vs. 48.3 ± 2.8 min; P= 0.060). On day 22, daily milk yield corrected for actual suckling interval was greater (10.59 ± 0.47 vs. 8.03 ± 0.65 kg; P = 0.003) in UM sows. Milk from UM sows contained more fat (P= 0.042) and lactose (P = 0.005). In conclusion, the greater growth rate of piglets from UM sows is mainly due to a higher frequency of nursings and to greater energy content of milk. Key words: Sows, lactation, breed, Meishan, behavior, nursing

scholarly journals Dry Period Length as Related to Milk Yield and SCC During the First Month of Subsequent Lactation

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Sawa ◽  
Sylwia Krężel-Czopek ◽  
Mariusz Bogucki
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Period Length ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Clinical Changes ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

Abstract Analysis was made of the effect of dry period length in primiparous and multiparous cows on daily milk yield during the first month of subsequent lactation and on milk somatic cell count (SCC) on the basis of the information about the test-day milkings of 59 138 cows. The GLM and FREQ procedures of the SAS package were used in the statistical calculations. Dry period length in the primiparous and multiparous cows had a significant effect (P≤0.01) on daily milk yield and udder health, determined based on SCC. In terms of milk yield, the most favourable dry period would be 51-70 days for both primiparous and multiparous cows. Depending on udder health, a dry period of 51-90 days can be suggested. Shorter dry periods had more undesirable effects than longer dry periods. Excessively shortened dry period (≤10 days) caused the daily milk yield to decrease by 17% in primiparous and by 13% in multiparous cows while increasing the risk of clinical changes of the cow’s udder, regardless of age. The proportion of milk samples that showed evidence of clinical mastitis also increased when the dry period was excessively long (>90 days), especially in multiparous cows.

Determination of the optimum crude protein requirement of pigs in a tropical environment

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Babatunde ◽  
M. J. Olomu ◽  
V. A. Oyenuga
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Tropical Environment ◽  
Protein Requirement ◽  
Large White ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Protein Levels

SUMMARYFeeding trials were carried out at different times of the year to determine the optimum crude protein requirements of weaner and growing pigs, using principally the locally available ingredients. The animals used were 96 weaners and 113 growing pigs of the Large White and Landrace breeds of average initial weights of about 9 kg and 41 kg respectively. Test diets contained protein levels ranging from 12% to 24% on a dry-matter basis, and the pigs were mostly group-fed ad libitum except for one trial. Average daily gains, efficiency of feed utilization, apparent nitrogen retention and digestibility, and feed cost per kg of body gain were measured. In a humid tropical environment, such as Ibadan, the optimum crude protein requirement for weaner pigs from 9 kg to 34 kg live weight is between 22 % and 24 % of dry matter, while that for the fattening pigs from 41 kg to 82 kg live weight is between 18% and 21% of dry matter.

scholarly journals LEVEL OF FEEDING AND THE DYNAMICS OF MILK YIELDS OF AYRSHIRE BREED OF COWS AFTER FIRST CALVING

2021 ◽  
Vol 246 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
O.V. Zelenina ◽  
◽  
E.V. Ermoshina ◽  
M.A. Gerasimova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Ayrshire Breed ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk ◽  
Pronounced Peak

Evaluation of the nutritional value of feed mixtures for lactation periods of the Ayrshire first-calf breed showed that in the first period there is an excess of dry matter and easily digestible protein in the diet, and a lack of sugar in all periods. The consumption of energy and nutrients for the synthesis of 1 kg of milk was optimal. For 305 days of lactation, an average of 7653 kg of milk per cow was obtained after the first calving, and the maximum daily milk yield was recorded in the second month of lactation. The research of lactation curves showed that highly productive cows have a more pronounced peak of milk yield in the first lactation months; the level of milk productivity remains high up to 9-10 months of the lactation period.

Effect of pre and post-natal nutrition on the performances of ewes and lambs under semi intensive rearing system

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
S Ahmed ◽  
MRH Rakib ◽  
M Yesmin ◽  
M Ershaduzamman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

The study was conducted to know the effect of different levels of pre and post-natal nutrition on the performances of ewes and their lambs until 1 year of age and the profitable slaughter age of lambs under semi intensive system. Twenty eight (28) native Bengal ewes at 7 weeks of gestation were randomly assigned to four groups (T0, T1, T2, T3) and supplemented with a concentrate mixture at 0.0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0% of their body weight respectively. Ewes were allowed to graze 8 hours daily. Creep mixture (20 g/lamb/day) was provided to lambs from 2 weeks age with an increment of 10 g/lamb/week. After weaning, 20 growing male lambs were selected and reared 01 year of age with concentrate mixture at 1.5% of their body weight and 8 hours grazing irrespective of treatment groups. Parameters like, ewe’s litter size, daily milk yield, post-partum heat and lamb’s birth weight, weaning weight, live weight at 06, 09 and 12 months were recorded. The data were analyzed in an ANOVA with CRD by using SPSS v. 20. The mean differences were tested by DMRT at a probability level of P<0.05. After weaning, the lamb growths were analyzed considering age as fixed factor. Regression correlations among different parameters with different ages were also performed. Significantly higher daily milk yield (P<0.01), weaning weight (P<0.05) and daily weight gain of lamb until weaning (P<0.05) were observed in T2 group. Besides, lambs weight at 06, 09, and 12 months differ significantly (P<0.01) along with corresponding daily weight gain (P<0.05). Lambs daily weight gain did not differ significantly from weaning to 09 months of age but significantly reduced (P<0.05) from 09 to 12months age. Finally, it may be concluded that a concentrate diet containing 20% CP during late pregnancy to lactation should be supplied to obtain maximum performances of ewes and their lambs. Besides, native Bengal lamb would be slaughtered between 06 to 09 months of age to get maximum return. Bang. J. Livs. Res. Vol. 26 (1&2), 2019: P. 43-50

Including white clover in nitrogen fertilized perennial ryegrass swards: effects on dry matter intake and milk production of spring calving dairy cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 155 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. EGAN ◽  
M. B. LYNCH ◽  
D. HENNESSY
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Solids ◽  
Daily Milk

SUMMARYThe current experiment was undertaken to investigate the effect of including white clover (Trifolium repensL.; WC) into perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenneL.; PRG) swards (PRG/WC) receiving 250 kg nitrogen (N) per hectare (ha) per year compared with PRG only swards receiving 250 kg N/ha/year, in an intensive grass-based spring calving dairy production scenario. Forty spring-calving cows were allocated to graze either a PRG/WC or PRG sward (n= 20) from 6 February to 31 October 2012. Fresh herbage was offered daily (17 kg dry matter (DM)/cow) supplemented with concentrate in times of herbage deficit (total supplementation 507 kg/cow). Pre-grazing herbage mass (HM), sward WC content and milk production were measured for the duration of the experiment. Herbage DM intake was estimated in May, July and September. Pre-grazing HM (±s.e.) was similar (1467 ± 173·1 kg DM/ha) for both treatments, as was cumulative herbage production (14 158 ± 769 kg DM/ha). Average WC content of the PRG/WC swards was 236 ± 30 g/kg DM. The PRG/WC cows had greater average daily milk yield and milk solids yield from June onwards. Cumulative milk yield and milk solids yield were greater for the PRG/WC cows compared with the PRG cows (5048 and 4789 ± 34·3 kg milk yield/cow, and 400 and 388 ± 1·87 kg milk solids/cow, respectively). Cows had similar DM intake in all measurements periods (15·1 ± 0·42 kg DM/cow/day). In conclusion, including WC in N-fertilized PRG swards increased milk production from cows grazing the PRG/WC swards compared with PRG, particularly in the second half of the lactation.

scholarly journals Hypomagnesaemia in milking cows: the response of serum magnesium to alterations in herbage composition resulting from potash and nitrogen dressing on pasture.

1960 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
N Application ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Mg Content ◽  
Low Serum ◽  
Daily Milk

Detailed results presented in this paper were obtained during an experiment reported previously (D.S.A. 21 [872]) and concern relationships between fertilizer treatment of pasture, chemical composition of the herbage and serum Mg levels. A heavy potash dressing caused increases in herbage K and decreases of 15-20% in the Mg level, while a heavy N application increased crude protein and Mg levels in the herbage. There was a significant correlation between serum Mg levels and Mg contents of the herbage in the week preceding blood sampling; in 822 cows no low serum Mg levels were found when the Mg content of the herbage was >0.20%. Negative correlations between serum Mg levels and crude protein or K content were significant. There was no relationship between daily milk yield and serum Mg levels. M.P.H. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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