scholarly journals The effects of dietary energy restriction on overloaded skeletal muscle in rats

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 697-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Almurshed ◽  
Katharine Grunewald
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Myosin Heavy Chain Isoforms ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Hindlimb Muscles ◽  
Dietary Energy Restriction ◽  
Energy Deprivation

We evaluated the effects of three levels of energy intake, 73 % (CON73), 81 % (CON81) and 100 % (CON100) of the ad libitum intake of the control diet, on skeletal muscle growth induced by functional overload in male rats. Unlike most previous studies which have employed chronic or acute food restriction where all nutrients are reduced in the diet, the present study tested the effects of energy deprivation as a single factor without inducing other nutritional deficiencies. Muscular growth of plantaris and soleus muscles was induced by removal of synergist gastrocnemius muscles in one hindlimb; muscles in the other leg were used as sham-operated intra-animal controls. After 30 d, rats on the energy-restricted CON73 and CON81 diets gained less weight and had smaller livers, kidneys, hearts and fat pads (epididymal, retroperitoneal and omental) than CON100 rats (P<0·05). They also had smaller sham-operated plantaris muscles (CON73 -13 %, CON81 -9 %) containing less total protein (CON73 -14 %; CON81 -10 %) than CON100 rats (P<0·05). However, the same measurements in overloaded plantaris muscles were similar among groups. Soleus muscle mass and protein contents were not significantly affected by energy restriction in our study. Percentage distributions of myosin heavy-chain isoforms (types I, IIa, IIx and IIb) were similar among rats in CON100, CON81 and CON73 groups for both plantaris and soleus muscles. We conclude that the growth reduction of plantaris muscle induced by energy restriction at 73 % and 81 % for 30 d was prevented by functional overload in male rats.

Re-expression of thyroxine-binding globulin in post-weaning rats during protein or energy malnutrition

1992 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 441-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marielle Rouaze-Romet ◽  
Lia Savu ◽  
Roger Vranckx ◽  
Fanny Bleiberg-Daniel ◽  
Béatrice Le Moullac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Energy Deficiency ◽  
Thyroxine Binding Globulin ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Term Administration

Thyroxine-binding globulin, the highest affinity thyroid hormone binder of rat serum, was studied during 28 days of dietary protein restriction (6% protein vs 18% protein in isocaloric control diet) or energy restriction (60% intake of control diet). Studies were performed on male rats aged four weeks at the beginning of experiments: the animals had reached the ontogenic stage when the thyroxine-binding globulin had declined, after its high postnatal surge, to undetectable levels. Short-term administration (seven days) of one or the other restricted diet similarly induced resynthesis of the protein. Its serum concentrations reached 26–46% of those measured in eight-day pups (peak of the neonatal surge) and its liver mRNAs showed corresponding enhanced signals. Serum T4 binding activities were increased, although concomitantly transthyretin, second specific T4 carrier of the rat serum, decreased markedly (65–75% of controls) in response to the dietary restrictions. Longer-term diet administration (14 or 28 days) resulted in the further increase of the thyroxine-binding globulin in the protein-restricted rats, in contrast to its decline and eventual disappearance in the energy-restricted animals. Protein restriction was associated with increased total and free T3 serum concentrations, in contrast to energy restriction which little affected these parameters. These studies reveal rat thyroxine-binding globulin as a positive (increasing), highly sensitive reactant of malnutrition, able to discriminate between energy deficiency and composition dysequilibrium of diets. They suggest that up-regulation of its synthesis in the two dietary models involves differential mechanisms.

scholarly journals Effective Dose of Alaska Pollack Protein for Increase of Muscle

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 376-376
Author(s):  
Kenji Uchida ◽  
Ryota Uehigashi ◽  
Sachi Utsunomiya ◽  
Kohsuke Hayamizu ◽  
Han Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscles

Abstract Objectives We have confirmed that the administration of Alaska pollack protein (APP) diet, which was totally substituted APP for casein (Cas) in the AIN-93 diet significantly increased rat skeletal muscle in 3 days after administration, compared to Cas-based control diet. But the administration of amino acid mixture, which of the equivalent amino acid composition to APP, was not effective in increasing skeletal muscle. It suggested that a protein or a degraded peptide of APP might be involved in the efficacy by administration of APP, but not the amino acids. In further study, we plan to investigate the effect of the administration of APP in the clinical trial. For estimation of the dosage for humans, we investigated the effective dose of APP for the skeletal muscle increasing effect of rat. Methods (1) Dietary administration (free intake): 6 weeks old male rats were administrated with the AIN-93 diet which were substituted APP for all, one third or one ninth of casein, or Cas-based control diet for 3 days. After administration, the gastrocnemius muscles of rat were evaluated. (2) Repeated oral administration: Cas and APP were orally administered at 1000 mg/kg and 333 mg/kg for 3 days. After administration, the gastrocnemius muscles of rat were evaluated. Results (1) Dietary administration: In the APP all and one-third administration group, mass of the gastrocnemius muscle increased significantly, and in the APP one ninth administration group was no significant difference. (2) Repeated oral administration: In the APP 333 mg/kg administration group, mass of the gastrocnemius muscle increased significantly. Although there was no significant difference, the mean of gastrocnemius muscle mass in the APP 1000 mg/kg group showed a value close to APP 333 mg/kg. Conclusions The increasing effect of APP on skeletal muscle was exerted in more than one-third APP substitution in dietary administration. Moreover, the effective amount of APP was 333 mg/kg or lower in repeated oral administration. It suggested that a protein or peptide was involved for the skeletal muscle increasing effect of APP, not amino acid balance. In addition, considering the application to humans, the human equivalent dose based on body surface area suggests that 53 mg/kg or more may be effective. This dose corresponds to about 30 g of Alaska pollack fillet daily. Funding Sources Nippon Suisan Kaisha, Ltd.

The effect of the anabolic agent, clenbuterol, on overloaded rat skeletal muscle

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Maltin ◽  
M. I. Delday ◽  
S. M. Hay ◽  
F. G. Smith ◽  
G. E. Lobley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Rat Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Anabolic Agent ◽  
Hypertrophic Growth ◽  
Fibre Size

The dietary administration of clenbuterol to young male rats has been shown to produce a muscle specific hypertrophic growth response. This paper demonstrates that the combined effect of drug treatment and hypertrophic stimulus induced by tenotomy produced an additive effect on muscle growth. This effect was demonstrated in terms of both muscle composition (protein and RNA) and fibre size.

Effects of caloric restriction on mitochondrial function and gene transcripts in rat muscle

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (1) ◽  
pp. E38-E43 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sreekumar ◽  
J. Unnikrishnan ◽  
A. Fu ◽  
J. Nygren ◽  
K. R. Short ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Atp Production

Rodent skeletal muscle mitochondrial DNA has been shown to be a potential site of oxidative damage during aging. Caloric restriction (CR) is reported to reduce oxidative stress and prolong life expectancy in rodents. Gene expression profiling and measurement of mitochondrial ATP production capacity were performed in skeletal muscle of male rats after feeding them either a control diet or calorie-restricted diet (60% of control diet) for 36 wk to determine the potential mechanism of the beneficial effects of CR. CR enhanced the transcripts of genes involved in reactive oxygen free radical scavenging function, tissue development, and energy metabolism while decreasing expression of those genes involved in signal transduction, stress response, and structural and contractile proteins. Real-time PCR measurments confirmed the changes in transcript levels of cytochrome- c oxidase III, superoxide dismutase (SOD)1, and SOD2 that were noted by the microarray approach. Mitochondrial ATP production and citrate synthase were unaltered by the dietary changes. We conclude that CR alters transcript levels of several genes in skeletal muscle and that mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle remains unaltered by the dietary intervention. Alterations in transcripts of many genes involved in reactive oxygen scavenging function may contribute to the increase in longevity reported with CR.

Selective regulation of myofiber differentiation by energy status during postnatal development

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (3) ◽  
pp. R667-R674 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Harrison ◽  
A. M. Rowlerson ◽  
M. J. Dauncey
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Myosin Heavy Chain Isoforms ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Type I ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Skeletal Myosin ◽  
Selective Preservation

The role of energy status in postnatal regulation of porcine skeletal muscle development has been determined in littermate animals kept for 3-4 wk on a high (H) or low (L) energy intake (H = 2L), at a thermally neutral [26 degrees C (26H and 26L, respectively)] or low [10 degrees C (10H and 10L, respectively)] environmental temperature. A variety of skeletal muscles was assessed at 7 wk of age for changes in myofiber hypertrophy and differentiation. In contrast with findings in adult humans and rats, there was no selective preservation of type I slow-oxidative fiber size during energy restriction. However, differentiation between mature skeletal myosin heavy-chain isoforms was markedly affected by energy status, and in rhomboideus there were particularly striking effects of both nutrition and temperature: proportions of type I fibers from the four groups 26H, 26L, 10H, and 10L were 34 +/- 2, 50 +/- 4, 73 +/- 2, and 72 +/- 3 (P < 0.005 for diet at 26 degrees C; P < 0.001 for temperature). These changes may have been induced by alterations in both thyroid status and contractile activity. They support the hypothesis of a key role for rhomboideus muscle in thermoregulation and demonstrate the plasticity of skeletal muscle differentiation to environmental change during postnatal life.

scholarly journals Increased 1,25(OH)2-Vitamin D Concentrations after Energy Restriction Are Associated with Changes in Skeletal Muscle Phenotype

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 607
Author(s):  
Angela Vidal ◽  
Rafael Rios ◽  
Carmen Pineda ◽  
Ignacio Lopez ◽  
Ana I. Raya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Type I ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolites ◽  
Muscle Weight

The influence of energy restriction (ER) on muscle is controversial, and the mechanisms are not well understood. To study the effect of ER on skeletal muscle phenotype and the influence of vitamin D, rats (n = 34) were fed a control diet or an ER diet. Muscle mass, muscle somatic index (MSI), fiber-type composition, fiber size, and metabolic activity were studied in tibialis cranialis (TC) and soleus (SOL) muscles. Plasma vitamin D metabolites and renal expression of enzymes involved in vitamin D metabolism were measured. In the ER group, muscle weight was unchanged in TC and decreased by 12% in SOL, but MSI increased in both muscles (p < 0.0001) by 55% and 36%, respectively. Histomorphometric studies showed 14% increase in the percentage of type IIA fibers and 13% reduction in type IIX fibers in TC of ER rats. Decreased size of type I fibers and reduced oxidative activity was identified in SOL of ER rats. An increase in plasma 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D (169.7 ± 6.8 vs. 85.4 ± 11.5 pg/mL, p < 0.0001) with kidney up-regulation of CYP27b1 and down-regulation of CYP24a1 was observed in ER rats. Plasma vitamin D correlated with MSI in both muscles (p < 0.001), with the percentages of type IIA and type IIX fibers in TC and with the oxidative profile in SOL. In conclusion, ER preserves skeletal muscle mass, improves contractile phenotype in phasic muscles (TC), and reduces energy expenditure in antigravity muscles (SOL). These beneficial effects are closely related to the increases in vitamin D secondary to ER.

Hyperglycemia compensates for diet-induced insulin resistance in liver and skeletal muscle of rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (5) ◽  
pp. R1380-R1389 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Renee Commerford ◽  
Michael E. Bizeau ◽  
Heather McRae ◽  
Ami Jampolis ◽  
Jeffrey S. Thresher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Indirect Pathway ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Muscle Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
High Sucrose

High-fat and high-sucrose diets increase the contribution of gluconeogenesis to glucose appearance (glc Ra) under basal conditions. They also reduce insulin suppression of glc Ra and insulin-stimulated muscle glycogen synthesis under euglycemic, hyperinsulinemic conditions. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether these impairments influence liver and muscle glycogen synthesis under hyperglycemic, hyperinsulinemic conditions. Male rats were fed a high-sucrose, high-fat, or low-fat, starch control diet for either 1 ( n = 5–7/group) or 5 wk ( n = 5–6/group). Studies involved two 90-min periods. During the first, a basal period (BP), [6-3H]glucose was infused. In the second, a hyperglycemic period (HP), [6-3H]glucose, [6-14C]glucose, and unlabeled glucose were infused. Plasma glucose (BP: 111.2 ± 1.5 mg/dl; HP: 172.3 ± 1.5 mg/dl), insulin (BP: 2.5 ± 0.2 ng/ml; HP: 4.9 ± 0.3 ng/ml), and glucagon (BP: 81.8 ± 1.6 ng/l; HP: 74.0 ± 1.3 ng/l) concentrations were not significantly different among diet groups or with respect to time on diet. There were no significant differences among groups in the glucose infusion rate (mg · kg−1 · min−1) necessary to maintain arterial glucose concentrations at ∼170 mg/dl (pooled average: 6.4 ± 0.8 at 1 wk; 6.4 ± 0.7 at 5 wk), percent suppression of glc Ra (44.4 ± 7.8% at 1 wk; 63.2 ± 4.3% at 5 wk), tracer-estimated net liver glycogen synthesis (7.8 ± 1.3 μg · g liver−1 · min−1 at 1 wk; 10.5 ± 2.2 μg · g liver−1 · min−1at 5 wk), indirect pathway glycogen synthesis (3.7 ± 0.9 μg · g liver−1 · min−1 at 1 wk; 3.4 ± 0.9 μg · g liver−1 · min−1 at 5 wk), or tracer-estimated net muscle glycogenesis (1.0 ± 0.3 μg · g muscle−1 · min−1 at 1 wk; 1.6 ± 0.3 μg · g muscle−1 · min−1 at 5 wk). These data suggest that hyperglycemia compensates for diet-induced insulin resistance in both liver and skeletal muscle.

scholarly journals Hypertrophy of Rat Skeletal Muscle Is Associated with Increased SIRT1/Akt/mTOR/S6 and Suppressed Sestrin2/SIRT3/FOXO1 Levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7588
Author(s):  
Zoltan Gombos ◽  
Erika Koltai ◽  
Ferenc Torma ◽  
Peter Bakonyi ◽  
Attila Kolonics ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Molecular Signaling ◽  
Protein Breakdown ◽  
Rat Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Plantaris Muscle ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
Intensive Investigation

Despite the intensive investigation of the molecular mechanism of skeletal muscle hypertrophy, the underlying signaling processes are not completely understood. Therefore, we used an overload model, in which the main synergist muscles (gastrocnemius, soleus) of the plantaris muscle were surgically removed, to cause a significant overload in the remaining plantaris muscle of 8-month-old Wistar male rats. SIRT1-associated pro-anabolic, pro-catabolic molecular signaling pathways, NAD and H2S levels of this overload-induced hypertrophy were studied. Fourteen days of overload resulted in a significant 43% (p < 0.01) increase in the mass of plantaris muscle compared to sham operated animals. Cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) activities and bioavailable H2S levels were not modified by overload. On the other hand, overload-induced hypertrophy of skeletal muscle was associated with increased SIRT1 (p < 0.01), Akt (p < 0.01), mTOR, S6 (p < 0.01) and suppressed sestrin 2 levels (p < 0.01), which are mostly responsible for anabolic signaling. Decreased FOXO1 and SIRT3 signaling (p < 0.01) suggest downregulation of protein breakdown and mitophagy. Decreased levels of NAD+, sestrin2, OGG1 (p < 0.01) indicate that the redox milieu of skeletal muscle after 14 days of overloading is reduced. The present investigation revealed novel cellular interactions that regulate anabolic and catabolic processes in the hypertrophy of skeletal muscle.

scholarly journals Methionine restriction plus overload improves skeletal muscle and metabolic health in old mice on a high fat diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anandini Swaminathan ◽  
Andrej Fokin ◽  
Tomas Venckūnas ◽  
Hans Degens
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Methionine Restriction ◽  
Old Mice

AbstractMethionine restriction (MR) has been shown to reduce the age-induced inflammation. We examined the effect of MR (0.17% methionine, 10% kCal fat) and MR + high fat diet (HFD) (0.17% methionine, 45% kCal fat) on body mass, food intake, glucose tolerance, resting energy expenditure, hind limb muscle mass, denervation-induced atrophy and overload-induced hypertrophy in young and old mice. In old mice, MR and MR + HFD induced a decrease in body mass. Muscle mass per body mass was lower in old compared to young mice. MR restored some of the HFD-induced reduction in muscle oxidative capacity. The denervation-induced atrophy of the m. gastrocnemius was larger in animals on MR than on a control diet, irrespective of age. Old mice on MR had larger hypertrophy of m. plantaris. Irrespective of age, MR and MR + HFD had better glucose tolerance compared to the other groups. Young and old mice on MR + HFD had a higher resting VO2 per body mass than HFD group. Mice on MR and MR + HFD had a resting respiratory quotient closer to 0.70, irrespective of age, indicating an increased utilization of lipids. In conclusion, MR in combination with resistance training may improve skeletal muscle and metabolic health in old age even in the face of obesity.

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