scholarly journals Deposition of dietary fatty acids, de novo synthesis and anatomical partitioning of fatty acids in finishing pigs

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maela Kloareg ◽  
Jean Noblet ◽  
Jaap van Milgen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Docosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Average Composition ◽  
Fa Composition

Predicting aspects of pork quality becomes increasingly important from both a nutritional and technological point of view. The aim of the present study was to provide quantitative information on the relation between nutrient intake and whole-body fatty acid (FA) deposition. This information is essential to develop mechanistic models predicting the FA content of tissues. A serial slaughter study was carried out in which thirty pigs were slaughtered between 90 and 150 kg. The diet included 15 g/kg soyabean oil and contained 44 g/kg fat. Only 0·31 and 0·40 of the digested n-6 and n-3 FA were deposited, respectively. Approximately one-third of the n-3 supply that was deposited resulted from the conversion of 18 : 3 to other metabolites (i.e. EPA, docosapentaenoic acid and DHA). This proportion was affected by the pig genotype. De novo-synthesised FA represented 0·86 of the total non-essential FA deposition, and its average composition corresponded to 0·017, 0·286, 0·025, 0·217 and 0·454 for 14 : 0, 16 : 0, 16 : 1, 18 : 0 and 18 : 1, respectively. Although the average whole-body FA composition was relatively constant during the finishing period, this was not so for the tissues. In the carcass (without backfat), the content of 18 : 1 increased during the finishing period, whereas that of 16 : 0 and 18 : 0 decreased. Backfat captured a proportionally greater fraction of 18 : 2 than did the carcass or the residual tissues. In contrast, a proportionally greater fraction of the dietary 18 : 3 supply was deposited in the carcass compared to other tissues.

scholarly journals Deposition of dietary fatty acids and of de novo synthesised fatty acids in growing pigs: effects of high ambient temperature and feeding restriction

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 803-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maela Kloareg ◽  
Laurent Le Bellego ◽  
Jacques Mourot ◽  
Jean Noblet ◽  
Jaap van Milgen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Quantitative Relation ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Ad Libitum

Predicting aspects of pork quality becomes increasingly important from both a nutritional and a technological point of view. Little information is, however, available concerning the quantitative relation between nutrient intake and fatty acid (FA) deposition at the whole-animal level. In this study, eight blocks of five littermate barrows were used in a comparative slaughter trial. At 24 kg body weight (BW), one pig from each litter was slaughtered to determine the initial FA composition. The other littermates were assigned to one of four feeding levels (ranging from 70 % to 100 % of intake ad libitum) and were given a diet containing 0·36 g/kg lipid and 0·22 g/kg FA. The temperature for each block was maintained at either 23 or 30°C. At 65 kg, the pigs were slaughtered and the body lipid and FA composition was determined. Seventy per cent of the digested n-6 FA and 50 % of the n-3 FA were deposited. The average composition of de novo synthesised FA corresponded to 1·7, 30·3, 2·4, 19·7 and 45·9 % for 14: , 16: , 16: 1, 18: and 18: 1 FA, respectively. At 23°C and for feeding ad libitum, 33 % of 16: FA was deposited, 1·7 % shortened to 14: , 63 % elongated to 18: and 2·8 % unsaturated to 16: 1. Twenty-eight per cent of 18: FA was deposited and 72 % unsaturated to 18: 1. At 30°C, 18: FA desaturation was reduced by 3·5 %. Feed intake and temperature independently affected the elongation of 16: FA. A reduction in feed intake increased the elongation rate, whereas the increase in temperature reduced the elongation rate.

Influence of dietary fatty acids on adipose tissue composition and subsequent eating quality of finishing pigs

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 155-155
Author(s):  
M S Redshaw ◽  
J Wiseman ◽  
D J A Cole ◽  
J D Wood ◽  
M Enser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Tissue Composition

It is well established that the fatty acid combustion of adipose issue in pigs (non-ruminants) may be manipulated by changes in the fatty acid profile of the diets. The objective of this program of work was to quantify the responses of adipose depots of finishing pigs to changes in the level and profile of dietary fatty acids and to relate these changes to the sensory quality of meat as determined by taste panel.

scholarly journals Fatty acids in intramuscular fat of Ile de France lambs in two different production systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-403
Author(s):  
Milan Margetín ◽  
Marta Oravcová ◽  
Jana Margetínová ◽  
Róbert Kubinec
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Production System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract. The fatty acid (FA) composition in the intramuscular fat (IMF) of the musculus longissimus dorsi (MLD) of Ile de France purebred lambs in two different production systems in Slovakia was evaluated using gas chromatography. In the first production system, lambs and ewes were assigned to pasture without access to concentrates (P). In the second system, lambs and ewes were confined indoors with hay/silage and access to concentrates (S). An analysis of variance with the following factors was employed: production system, sex, and production system–sex interactions. The proportions of arachidonic, eicosapentaeonic, docosapentaeonic, and docosahexaenoic FAs, i.e. long-chain polyunsaturated FA (PUFA), were significantly higher in P lambs (1.83, 0.82, 0.92, 0.29 g 100 g−1 FAME, respectively) than in S lambs (0.45, 0.14, 0.30, 0.09 g 100 g−1 FAME, respectively). The proportions of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), n-6 PUFA, n-3 PUFA, and essential FA (linoleic and α-linolenic) were also significantly higher in P lambs (2.10, 8.50, 4.55, and 8.80 g 100 g−1 FAME, respectively) than in S lambs (0.65, 3.27, 1.50, and 3.64 g 100 g−1 FAME, respectively). The proportions of palmitic acid and myristic acid as important individual saturated FAs (SFA) were significantly higher in S lambs (28.51 and 8.30 g 100 g−1 FAME, respectively) than in P lambs (21.80 and 5.63 g 100 g−1 FAME, respectively). The proportion of all SFAs was also significantly higher in S lambs (57.87 g 100 g−1 FAME) than in P lambs (48.70 g 100 g−1 FAME). From a nutrition and human health point of view (i.e. higher proportions of PUFA, CLA, and essential FAs and lower proportions of SFAs), meat from P lambs was found to be more favourable and would be more highly recommended for consumption.

scholarly journals Determination of Fatty Acids Profile in Original Brown Cows Dairy Products and Relationship with Alpine Pasture Farming System

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella Agradi ◽  
Giulio Curone ◽  
Daniele Negroni ◽  
Daniele Vigo ◽  
Gabriele Brecchia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Fatty Acids Profile ◽  
Discriminant Analyses

This study aimed to evaluate the relationships between fatty acids and the pattern that most contributes to discriminate between two farming systems, in which the main difference was the practice, or not, of alpine summer-grazing. Milk and cheese were sampled every month in two farms of Original Brown cows identical under geographical location and management during no grazing season point of view in the 2018 season. Fatty acids concentrations were determined by gas chromatography. The principal component analysis extracted three components (PCs). Mammary gland de novo synthetized fatty acids (C14:0, C14:1 n9, and C16:0) and saturated and monosaturated C18 fatty acids (C18:0, C18:1 n9c) were inversely associated in the PC1; PC2 included polyunsaturated C18 fatty acids (C18:2 n6c, C18:3 n3) and C15:0 while conjugated linoleic acid (CLA n9c, n11t) and fatty acids containing 20 or more carbon atoms (C21:0, C20:5 n3) were associated in the PC3. The processes of rumen fermentation and de novo synthesis in mammary gland that are, in turn, influenced by diet, could explain the relationships between fatty acids within each PC. The discriminant analyses showed that the PC2 included the fatty acids profile that best discriminated between the two farming systems, followed by PC3 and, lastly, PC1. This model, if validated, could be an important tool to the dairy industry.

scholarly journals Different functions of intestinal and liver-type fatty acid-binding proteins in intestine and in whole body energy homeostasis

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (5) ◽  
pp. G803-G814 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Stacy Lagakos ◽  
Angela Marie Gajda ◽  
Luis Agellon ◽  
Bert Binas ◽  
Victor Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Null Models ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding Proteins ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Triacylglycerol Synthesis

It has long been known that mammalian enterocytes coexpress two members of the fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) family, the intestinal FABP (IFABP) and the liver FABP (LFABP). Both bind long-chain fatty acids and have similar though not identical distributions in the intestinal tract. While a number of in vitro properties suggest the potential for different functions, the underlying reasons for expression of both proteins in the same cells are not known. Utilizing mice genetically lacking either IFABP or LFABP, we directly demonstrate that each of the enterocyte FABPs participates in specific pathways of intestinal lipid metabolism. In particular, LFABP appears to target fatty acids toward oxidative pathways and dietary monoacylglycerols toward anabolic pathways, while IFABP targets dietary fatty acids toward triacylglycerol synthesis. The two FABP-null models also displayed differences in whole body response to fasting, with LFABP-null animals losing less fat-free mass and IFABP-null animals losing more fat mass relative to wild-type mice. The metabolic changes observed in both null models appear to occur by nontranscriptional mechanisms, supporting the hypothesis that the enterocyte FABPs are specifically trafficking their ligands to their respective metabolic fates.

Whole body oxidation of dietary fatty acids: implications for energy utilization

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 769-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J H Jones ◽  
P B Pencharz ◽  
M T Clandinin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Whole Body

scholarly journals Artificial rearing of pigs

1979 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Newport ◽  
J. E. Storry ◽  
B. Tuckley
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Medium Chain Triglyceride ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Elongation ◽  
Protein Nitrogen

1. Pigs were weaned at 2 d of age and fed on a milk substitute at hourly intervals. They were slaughtered at 28 d of age.2. The diets contained 730 g dried skim-milk and 270 g fat/kg dry matter (DM). Three diets were compared in which the fat was supplied as soya-bean oil (SO) (diet A), equal amounts of SO and medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) (diet H), or 246 g MCT and 24 g SO (diet I)/kg DM. In the latter diet, SO ensured that the diet had an adequate content of essential fatty acids.3. Growth rate (2–28 d of age) was reduced (P < 0.05) by the high-MCT diet (diet I) compared with the medium-MCT diet (diet H), but in comparison with diet A, the differences were not significant (P > 0.05). The feed: gain ratio (g DM consumed/g live-weight gain) was not affected by the type of dietary lipid.4. Diet I increased the proportion of crude protein (nitrogen × 6.25) (g/kg wet weight) in the carcass but did not increase N retention (g/d per kg live weight). The proportion of fat in the carcass was reduced, particularly by diet I (P < 0.001), and was inversely related to an increase mainly in the water content, and to a lesser extent, in the crude protein content of the carcass. The liver weight (g/kg live wt) was greatly increased by MCT (P < 0.01 or P < 0.001).5. Approximately 20, 44 and 80% of the fatty acids in the carcass of pigs on the SO, diet H and diet I respectively could not have been derived from direct deposition of the dietary fatty acids, but rather by de novo synthesis from carbohydrate or elongation of shorter-chain fatty acids.MCT increased the concentrations in the blood, taken 1 h after feeding, of total lipid, phospholipid, cholesterol and cholesterol ester, indicating incomplete oxidation of the caprylic and caprylic and capric acids in MCT by the liver, and their incorporation, after chain elongation, into plasma lipids.

Model for measuring absolute rates of hepatic de novo lipogenesis and reesterification of free fatty acids

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (5) ◽  
pp. E814-E820 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Hellerstein ◽  
R. A. Neese ◽  
J. M. Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
De Novo Lipogenesis ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Mass Isotopomer Distribution Analysis

We have previously presented a precursor-product stable isotopic technique for measuring in vivo the fraction of very low-density lipoprotein-fatty acids (VLDL-FA) derived from de novo lipogenesis (fractional DNL). Here, we propose a technique for converting fractional DNL into absolute rates of DNL and describe its explicit underlying assumptions. The technique combines the fractional DNL method with a modification of the method of S. Klein, V. R. Young, G. L. A. Blackburn, B. R. Bistrain, and R. R. Wolfe (J. Clin. Invest. 78: 928-933, 1986), for estimating hepatic reesterification of free fatty acids (FFA). Infusions of [1,2,3,4-13C]palmitate and [1-13C]acetate are performed concurrently with indirect calorimetry in human subjects. Fractional DNL (based on mass isotopomer distribution analysis of VLDL-FA), the rate of appearance of plasma FFA (Ra of FFA), and net fat oxidation in the whole body are measured. Equations from the hepatic reesterification model, modified to include the contribution from DNL, allow calculation of absolute DNL (= fractional DNL x [Ra of FFA - net whole body fat oxidation], when respiratory quotient < 1.0). Sample results from human subjects with different dietary energy intakes are presented, with calculations of absolute DNL, absolute reesterification, and absolute fat oxidation rates. The assumptions of this technique (in particular, that all fat oxidized is derived at steady state from circulating FFA and that DNL and reesterification of FFA both occur exclusively in liver) are discussed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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