scholarly journals Motivational effects of 12-week moderately restrictive diets with or without special attention to the Glycaemic Index of foods

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 790-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bellisle ◽  
A. M. Dalix ◽  
M. A. De Assis ◽  
E. Kupek ◽  
U. Gerwig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Weight Watchers ◽  
Desire To Eat ◽  
Analogue Scales ◽  
Selection Of

Low glycaemic index (GI) diets may facilitate weight loss via behavioural and/or endocrine mechanisms. This study investigated whether the outcomes of the Weight Watchers POINTS®Weight-Loss System could be improved by encouraging dieters to select low GI, high-carbohydrate foods. Ninety-six women (age 20–72 years; BMI 25–40 kg/m2) were recruited as they started the Weight Watchers POINTS®programme for 12 weeks. Weekly classes were randomized so that seven (forty-five women) followed the regular programme while seven others (fifty-one women) followed a revised programme encouraging the selection of low GI foods. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured before and after the 12-week diets. Participants rated hunger and desire to eat using visual analogue scales on 1 d per week, several times per d. Attrition was the same in both groups (32v. 30 %), as well as many benefits (5 % weight loss, decreases in insulinaemia and blood lipids, waist and hip circumferences, blood pressure). Hunger and desire to eat were rated consistently lower in the low GI group over the 12-week diet. Group differences in subjective sensations were especially large in the afternoon. The 12-week weight management yielded many significant anthropometric and biochemical benefits that were not improved by encouraging dieters to select low GI foods. The subjective benefits (lower hunger and desire to eat) of the low GI diet may be a worthwhile contribution to the motivation of dieters that might affect adherence to the diet over the long term.

scholarly journals Slimming One’s Way to a Better Self? Weight Loss Clubs and Women in Britain, 1967–1990

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-453
Author(s):  
Katrina-Louise Moseley
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Female Entrepreneurship ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Oral History Interviews ◽  
Weight Watchers ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Industry Professionals

Abstract Following the arrival of Weight Watchers UK in 1967, slimming clubs expanded rapidly in Britain in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Initially aimed at, and founded by, women, these organizations were complex emotional spaces in which female entrepreneurship and homosociality would unfold. Looking afresh at the relationship between women and commercialized weight loss, this article provides the first detailed study of the rise of the slimming club in mid-to-late-twentieth-century Britain. Slimming clubs proved lucrative business opportunities for some women; moreover, as homosocial spaces intersecting with women’s everyday lives, they had the potential to be emotionally and psychologically empowering. A history of these organizations thus complicates feminist critiques of the slimming industry. This article draws on a variety of historical sources to piece together this forgotten history, including contemporary slimming guides, newspaper ‘before-and-after’ features, and oral history interviews with industry professionals and former slimming club members. Though members recognized that the commercial promise of transformation was shot through with contradictions, simultaneously, slimming clubs sparked enjoyment in being in the female body and provided a space away from domesticity.

scholarly journals A dismantling study on imaginal retraining in overweight or obese women

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina Wirtz ◽  
Leonie Ascone ◽  
Josefine Gehlenborg ◽  
Steffen Moritz ◽  
Simone Kühn
Keyword(s):  
Arm Movement ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Bias Modification ◽  
Short Intervention ◽  
Level Reduction ◽  
High Calorie ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractImaginal retraining is a variant of approach bias modification and transfers the method into one’s own mind. As the technique contains multiple elements, this pilot study aimed to dismantle which of its components is most efficient in reducing craving for high-calorie food. A total of 113 women were randomly allocated to one out of six conditions containing a short intervention to mentally manipulate a picture displaying high-calorie foods. Four of the interventions involved different combinations of elements of the imaginal retraining technique, while the remaining two conditions comprised thought suppression or merely observing a picture. Participants rated their level of craving, as well as three pictures containing healthy and unhealthy foods regarding their pleasantness before and after the interventions took place. Within-group changes were assessed with paired t-tests (in case of non-normal data Wilcoxon paired t-tests) and between-group differences with one-way ANOVAs (non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis tests). A trend level reduction in craving was found in the imaginal retraining condition with and without a movement. A post hoc analysis of both conditions joint together showed a statistically significant reduction in craving. In addition, positive picture appraisal for unhealthy foods was significantly reduced in both imaginal retraining conditions (with and without movement) with medium to large effect sizes. This study demonstrated that imaginal retraining with an arm movement can reduce craving and picture appraisal for high-calorie foods significantly in a one-time application. It is a promising technique to reduce appraisal for unhealthy high-calorie foods. Future studies should repeat the experiment in situations of high craving and allow for a personalized selection of stimuli.

scholarly journals The effects of a combination of high-protein diet and resistance training on short-term weight loss and long-term weight maintenance in overweight and obese Chinese people: a study protocol

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Shaoyong ◽  
Juan Zhang ◽  
Yuxiang Dong ◽  
Ruikun Chen ◽  
Wenlei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Low Fat Diet

Abstract Background It is very important for clinicians and dieticians to explore reasonable weight management strategies for obese people that address both short-term weight loss and subsequent weight maintenance. We hypothesized that resistance training combined with a high-protein diet would result in similar short-term weight loss but better long-term weight maintenance than either conventional low-fat diet control or high-protein diet alone.Methods/design This is an 8-week randomized parallel controlled trial followed by a 24-week observational follow-up study. A 48-week supplementary follow-up study will be carried out if necessary. The study will be conducted between June 2019 and October 2020. The 90 overweight or obese participants will be randomly assigned to the conventional low-fat diet group, the high-protein diet group and the high-protein diet and resistance training combination group. Primary outcomes are body weight changes at week 8 and week 24 compared with the baseline level.Discussion High-quality research on the effect of a high-protein diet combined resistance training on weight loss and weight maintenance is limited in Chinese population. Our study will provide a basis for obesity management in China, and promote the development of exercise and diet-related studies.Trials registration ChiCTR1900023841, 14 June 2019

scholarly journals Bariatric surgery before and after kidney transplantation: long-term weight loss and allograft outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 935-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordana B. Cohen ◽  
Mary Ann Lim ◽  
Colleen M. Tewksbury ◽  
Samuel Torres-Landa ◽  
Jennifer Trofe-Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Before And After

Abstract 47: Weight-loss Diets, Adiponectin, and Changes of Cardiometabolic Risk in the 2-year Pounds Lost Trial

Circulation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjie Ma ◽  
Tao Huang ◽  
Yan Zheng ◽  
Molin Wang ◽  
George A Bray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Adiponectin Gene ◽  
Plasma Adiponectin

Background: Evidence suggests that the beneficial effects of weight-loss diet interventions on improvement in cardiovascular risk factors may be partly through modulating secretion of adiponectin from adipose tissue. However, it remains unclear whether the long-term weight-loss diets change adiponectin levels; and how such changes, if exist, affect cardiometabolic risk. Objectives: To investigate effects of weight-loss diets with different compositions of macronutrients on long-term changes of circulating adiponectin concentrations and cardiometabolic risk factors, as well as dietary interactions with variation in the adiponectin gene. Methods: In the 2-year Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS Lost) trial, 811 overweight or obese adults were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 diets; the targeted percentages of energy derived from fat, protein, and carbohydrates in the 4 diets were 20, 15, and 65%; 20, 25, and 55%; 40, 15, and 45%; and 40, 25, and 35%. The current analysis was restricted to participants who had baseline plasma adiponectin measurement (n=768). Circulating adiponectin and cardiometabolic outcomes were repeatedly measured at baseline, 6 months, and 2 years. We genotyped single-nucleotide polymorphism rs266171 in the adiponectin gene. Linear mixed models were used to compare changes in adiponectin concentrations across diet groups over the intervention and predict trajectory of changes in cardiometabolic risk factors. Results: Circulating adiponectin concentrations significantly increased over 2 years, similarly in 4 weight-loss diet intervention groups. Change of plasma adiponectin was significantly associated with decreases in weight, waist circumference, triglycerides, fasting insulin, and insulin resistance measured by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and increase in HDL cholesterol, after adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, follow-up time, diet group, and baseline level of respective outcome trait. The associations remained similar after further controlling for concurrent weight change. In addition, we observed significant interactions between rs266717 genotype and dietary fat on changes in fasting insulin and HOMA-IR (P for interaction=0.03 for both) at 6 months with adjustment for covariates. Participants who are homozygous for T allele of rs266717 had more reductions in fasting insulin and HOMA-IR than those with other genotypes in response to the high-fat diet, but such differences were not observed in the low-fat diet group. Conclusions: Regardless of macronutrient compositions, weight-loss diets beneficially increased circulating adiponectin, which was related to improvement of cardiometabolic profiles. Dietary fat intakes modified the effect of adiponectin variant rs266717 on improvement of insulin resistance.

Designing digital health technology to support patients before and after bariatric surgery: a qualitative study exploring patient desires, suggestions and reflections to support lifestyle behaviour change. (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Robinson ◽  
Andy Husband ◽  
Robert Slight ◽  
Sarah Slight
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviour ◽  
Surgical Success ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Surgical Pathway

BACKGROUND A patient’s capability, motivation, and opportunity to change their lifestyle are significant determinants of successful outcomes following bariatric surgery. Healthier lifestyle changes before and after surgery, including improved dietary intake and physical activity levels, have been shown to contribute to greater post-surgical weight loss and improved long-term health. Integrating patient-centered digital technologies within the bariatric surgical pathway could form part of an innovative strategy to promote and sustain healthier behaviours and provide holistic patient support, to improve surgical success. Research has focused on implementing digital technologies and measuring their effectiveness in various surgical cohorts, yet there is limited work concerning the desires, suggestions and reflections of patients undergoing bariatric surgery. This qualitative investigation explores patient perspectives on technology features that would support them to change their lifestyle behaviours during the pre- and post-operative periods, to potentially maintain long-term healthy lifestyles following surgery. OBJECTIVE To understand how digital technologies could be used to better support patients across the perioperative pathway to improve weight-loss outcomes and surgical success. Specifically, the objectives concerned: 1) what do patients want from digital technologies, 2) how do they want to use them, and 3) when would they be of most benefit during their surgical journey? METHODS Patients attending bariatric surgery clinics within one hospital in the North of England were invited to take part. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with purposively sampled pre- and post-operative bariatric surgical patients to discuss lifestyle behaviour change and the use of digital technologies to complement their care. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Reflexive thematic analysis enabled the development of themes from the data. Ethical approval was obtained from the NHS Health Research Authority. RESULTS Twenty patients were interviewed. Four overarching themes were developed from the data relating to perspectives of optimised technology functionality. These centered on providing tailored content and support; facilitating self-monitoring and goal-setting; delivering information in an accessible, trusted, and usable manner; and meeting patient information-seeking and engagement needs. Interventions that supported the delivery of personalized feedback and post-operative follow-up were perceived as beneficial. Individualized goal- and target-setting could further support a generation of digitally engaged patients with bariatric conditions. Working towards achievable targets was deemed an effective strategy to successfully motivate behaviour change. The creation of digital ‘package of care’ checklists between patients and clinicians was a novel finding from this research. CONCLUSIONS Perceptions of patients undergoing bariatric surgery validated the integration of digital technologies within the surgical pathway, offering enhanced connectedness and support. Recommendations are made that relate to the design, content and functionality of digital interventions to best address the needs of this patient cohort. These findings have the potential to influence future co-design and integration of person-centered, perioperative technologies within surgical pathways. CLINICALTRIAL N/A

scholarly journals A comparison of a ketogenic diet with a LowGI/nutrigenetic diet over 6 months for weight loss and 18-month follow-up

BMC Nutrition ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Vranceanu ◽  
Craig Pickering ◽  
Lorena Filip ◽  
Ioana Ecaterina Pralea ◽  
Senthil Sundaram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Keto Group ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances

Abstract Background Obesity and its related metabolic disturbances represent a huge health burden on society. Many different weight loss interventions have been trialled with mixed efficacy, as demonstrated by the large number of individuals who regain weight upon completion of such interventions. There is evidence that the provision of genetic information may enhance long-term weight loss, either by increasing dietary adherence or through underlying biological mechanisms. Methods The investigators followed 114 overweight and obese subjects from a weight loss clinic in a 2-stage process. 1) A 24-week dietary intervention. The subjects self-selected whether to follow a standardized ketogenic diet (n = 53), or a personalised low-glycemic index (GI) nutrigenetic diet utilising information from 28 single nucleotide polymorphisms (n = 61). 2) After the 24-week diet period, the subjects were monitored for an additional 18 months using standard guidelines for the Keto group vs standard guidelines modified by nutrigenetic advice for the low-Glycaemic Index nutrigenetic diet (lowGI/NG) group. Results After 24 weeks, the keto group lost more weight: − 26.2 ± 3.1 kg vs − 23.5 ± 6.4 kg (p = 0.0061). However, at 18-month follow up, the subjects in the low-GI nutrigenetic diet had lost significantly more weight (− 27.5 ± 8.9 kg) than those in the ketogenic diet who had regained some weight (− 19.4 ± 5.0 kg) (p < 0.0001). Additionally, after the 24-week diet and 18-month follow up the low-GI nutrigenetic diet group had significantly greater (p < 0.0001) improvements in total cholesterol (ketogenic − 35.4 ± 32.2 mg/dl; low-GI nutrigenetic − 52.5 ± 24.3 mg/dl), HDL cholesterol (ketogenic + 4.7 ± 4.5 mg/dl; low-GI nutrigenetic + 11.9 ± 4.1 mg/dl), and fasting glucose (ketogenic − 13.7 ± 8.4 mg/dl; low-GI nutrigenetic − 24.7 ± 7.4 mg/dl). Conclusions These findings demonstrate that the ketogenic group experienced enhanced weight loss during the 24-week dietary intervention. However, at 18-month follow up, the personalised nutrition group (lowGI/NG) lost significantly more weight and experienced significantly greater improvements in measures of cholesterol and blood glucose. This suggests that personalising nutrition has the potential to enhance long-term weight loss and changes in cardiometabolic parameters. Trial registration NCT04330209, Registered 01/04/2020, retrospectively registered.

scholarly journals Weight Loss and Resolution of Comorbidities After Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Review of Long-Term Results

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Felsenreich ◽  
F. B. Langer ◽  
G. Prager
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Excess Weight Loss ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Long Term Studies

Background and Aims: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) has massively increased in numbers over the last decade and is the most frequently performed bariatric procedure worldwide today. The aim of this review is to evaluate SG in terms of weight loss and resolution of comorbidities, based on data gained from the latest long-term studies available. Material and Methods: This review includes the results of any long-term studies on SG available at this point as well as a selection of short- and mid-term studies. Results: There are only a handful of studies on sleeve gastrectomy with long-term follow-up available at this point. Conversion rates in these long-term studies amount to up to one-third of their cohorts; however, excess weight loss in patients maintaining their sleeve is over 50%. Results on the resolution of comorbidities vary among the studies available today. Summary: Sleeve gastrectomy is a valid bariatric method but one has to be aware of its limitations.

scholarly journals The Effect of Addition of Antioxidant 1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethyl-quinoline on Characteristics of Crepe Rubber Modified Asphalt in Short Term Aging and Long Term Aging Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 7236
Author(s):  
Bahruddin Ibrahim ◽  
Arya Wiranata ◽  
Alfian Malik
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Softening Point ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Aging Conditions ◽  
Asphalt Performance

The use of natural rubber to resist bitumen is usually prone to degradation and aging. One method to overcome this problem is the addition of antioxidants. This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of antioxidants 1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethyl-quinoline (TMQ) on natural rubber modified asphalt crepe rubber and its performance in short-term and long-term aging conditions. The modified rubber asphalt mixture’s manufacture begins by melting the crepe rubber at 200 °C before being mixed in asphalt at 165 °C. Addition of antioxidant TMQ during the stirring process of the mixture of asphalt and melted rubber. The crepe rubber content was 8, 10, and 12% w/w, while the TMQ content was 1, 2, and 3% w/w of the total sample weight. The modified asphalt samples’ characterization included penetration, softening point, weight loss after a rolling thin film oven test (RTFOT), penetration after RTFOT, and Marshall test. Review of the performance of asphalt under short-term aging conditions using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). Evaluation of asphalt performance under long-term aging conditions using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that the fact that the best-modified asphalt product was the addition of 10% crepe rubber and 2% TMQ. The best-modified asphalt characteristics have penetration 68.70 dmm, softening point 55.45 °C, weight loss only 0.0579%, penetration after RTFOT 59.60, Marshall stability 1403.96 kg with optimum asphalt content of 5.50%, and rutting factor (G*/Sinδ) 6.91 kPa and 16.1 kPa before and after RTFOT. Overall, the modified crepe rubber asphalt can improve the performance of the asphalt in terms of durability. Simultaneously, the antioxidant TMQ works very well in increasing the resistance of bitumen to aging in the conditions of short-term aging and long-term aging.

scholarly journals A review of the short- and long-term impact of weight loss on appetite in youth: what do we know and where to from here?

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-366
Author(s):  
Helen Truby ◽  
Christie Bennett ◽  
Catia Martins
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Desire To Eat ◽  
Individual Effort

This review seeks to synthesise our knowledge about changes in hunger and satiety that occur during diet-induced weight loss and during weight loss maintenance, with a particular focus on youth with obesity. Mechanisms of appetite responses to weight loss rely heavily on the adult literature. Physiological mechanisms that control appetite and satiety via the gut–brain axis have been elucidated but we have an incomplete picture of changes in gut hormones and peptides in youth with obesity. In adolescents, the role of the brain in long-term sensing of body composition and modifying appetite and satiety changes is easily over-ridden by hedonic influences for the reward of highly palatable sweet foods and encourages over-consumption. Accordingly, reward cues and hyper-responsiveness to palatable foods lead to a pattern of food choices. Different reward systems are necessary that are substantial enough to reward the continued individual effort required to sustain new behaviours, that need to be adopted to support a reduced body weight. Periods of growth and development during childhood provide windows of opportunity for interventions to influence body weight trajectory but long-term studies are lacking. More emphasis needs to be placed on anticipatory guidance on how to manage powerful hedonic influences of food choice, essential to cope with living in our obesogenic environment and managing hunger which comes with the stronger desire to eat after weight has been lost.

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