scholarly journals Associations between dietary added sugar intake and micronutrient intake: a systematic review

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 832-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten L. Rennie ◽  
M. Barbara E. Livingstone
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Sugar Intake ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
Current Evidence Base

There is increasing concern that high intakes of added sugars might compromise intakes of micronutrients. The objectives of this systematic review were (1) to determine whether dietary added sugar intake was associated with micronutrient intakes, and if so, whether there was evidence of micronutrient dilution as a result of higher dietary added sugar intake and (2) if micronutrient dilution was present, to determine whether there was sufficiently robust evidence to support a threshold effect above which there was a significant decline in micronutrient intake or status relative to the recommended intakes. A systematic computerised literature search was undertaken, limited to studies written in English published from 1980 onwards and further studies identified through hand searching papers. Fifteen studies that assessed associations between intakes of added sugars or non-milk extrinsic sugars and micronutrients were included. Overall, there are insufficient data and inconsistency between studies in relationships between added sugars and micronutrient intakes, with no clear evidence of micronutrient dilution or a threshold for a quantitative amount of added sugar intake for any of the micronutrients investigated. The current evidence base is considerably constrained by methodological issues. Further research is required to determine which food products high in added sugars might adversely affect micronutrient intakes by displacing other food items from the diet. Analyses should take into account the magnitude of any observed associations to determine their true biological significance.

Active warming after caesarean section to prevent neonatal hypothermia: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 829-837
Author(s):  
Aliona Vilinsky-Redmond ◽  
Maria Brenner ◽  
Linda Nugent ◽  
Margaret McCann
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Elective Caesarean Section ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Current Evidence Base ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Skin To Skin ◽  
Neonatal Hypothermia

There is a lack of evidence on the effects of perioperative warming on maternal and neonatal outcomes in women undergoing elective caesarean section who are performing at-birth skin-to-skin contact. This study aimed to provide a systematic review of the current evidence base on the effects of perioperative warming versus no warming. Inclusion criteria included randomised controlled trials involving pregnant women ≥18 years old undergoing an elective caesarean section at term under regional anaesthesia and who initiated at-birth neonatal skin-to-skin contact. Studies investigated active warming versus no active warming interventions. Three studies were included, with a total of 286 participants. Active warming of women resulted in significantly less occurrence of neonatal hypothermia, with no difference in maternal hypothermia. Perioperative active warming of mothers and newborns who had skin-to-skin contact may be beneficial. The quality of the included studies was low, so the review findings should be interpreted with caution. High quality studies with larger sample sizes need to be undertaken.

scholarly journals Physical Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1036-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Tierney ◽  
Alexander Fraser ◽  
Norelee Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Current Evidence Base ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Methodological Considerations

Background:Physical activity is associated with improved health outcomes in many populations. It is assumed that physical activity levels in the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) population may be reduced as a result of symptoms of the disease. The objective of this review is to establish the current evidence base for levels of physical activity in the RA population.Methods:A systematic review was performed of 7 databases (Ema-base, MEDLINE, AMED, Biomedical Reference Collection Expanded, CINAHL, Nursing and Allied Health Collection, and SportsDiscus) up to February 2011 to examine the evidence in the area.Results:One hundred and thirty-six studies were identified through electronic searching. One hundred and six were excluded based on title and/or abstract analysis and a further 14 were excluded based on full text analysis. Sixteen studies meeting the criteria were deemed suitable for inclusion. The results of the included studies indicate that the level of physical activity may be lower among individuals with RA when compared with healthy controls or normative data.Conclusions:There are a number of methodological considerations at play within the studies reviewed which prohibits definitive conclusion on the physical activity levels of this population group. Given the known health benefits of physical activity, further research in this area appears indicated.

A Systematic Review of the Qualitative Evidence for the Use of Lifestyle Planning in People with Learning Disabilities

1999 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Rowe ◽  
A. Rudkin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Qualitative Evidence ◽  
Current Evidence Base

Lifestyle planning (LP) for people with learning disabilities is largely supported by qualitative rather than quantitative research. LP is a time-consuming and potentially resource-intensive area of practice which is becoming more prevalent in the UK. We present the first systematic review of the qualitative evidence base for the use of LP in people with learning disabilities. Such evidence concerns the special characteristics of LP and its outcomes in descriptive rather than quantitative terms. Qualitative research is usually aimed at enhancing validity by grounding theory in data collected. Twenty-one studies passed eligibility criteria for inclusion in this review, but only ten provided any outcome data, the others being concerned with process only. A replicable search strategy was employed and the resulting original data sources were critically reviewed with respect to major concepts and categories in the areas of: planning process, choices and preferences, ethics and outcomes. Explicitly person-centred approaches such as essential lifestyle planning are contrasted with more service-led methods such as individual programme planning. There are major methodological limitations in much of the available literature and suggestions for future research to clarify matters are made. The current evidence base suggests that no form of LP has significantly better outcomes than any other form and that it is not clear if LP in general enhances outcomes. Ongoing use of person centred planning in particular is informed by ethical considerations and is evolving in its structure and function.

scholarly journals What Are the Peer Interaction Strengths and Difficulties in Children with Developmental Language Disorder? A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3140
Author(s):  
Vanessa Lloyd-Esenkaya ◽  
Ailsa J. Russell ◽  
Michelle C. St Clair
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Peer Interaction ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Peer Interactions ◽  
Pretend Play ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Developmental Language Disorder ◽  
Current Evidence Base ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties

The current review gathers together research investigating peer interaction skills in children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) to give an overview of the strengths and challenges experienced by these children when interacting with other children. A systematic review was conducted to summarise the literature on peer interaction strengths and difficulties in children with DLD. No restrictions on time-period were made and the selection criteria accounted for many of the diagnostic labels previously used to refer to DLD. Studies included in this review involve English-speaking children of UK primary school age (4–11 years). A systematic search of databases identified 28 papers that met the inclusion criteria. Children with DLD are found to experience many challenges when interacting with peers. Difficulties have been found in studies exploring discourse characteristics such as turn-taking and in behaviours during play, such as access behaviours. Heterogeneity was however notable and peer interaction strengths are found in terms of the children’s abilities to make friends, use verbal and non-verbal behaviour to make joint decisions with peers, and abilities to engage with peers in social pretend play. While it is encouraging to find research exploring many different areas of peer interaction competence in children with DLD, the research is highly disparate and there are many research findings awaiting replication. The current evidence base is unable to comprehensively define the characteristics of peer interactions of children with DLD.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of universal programmes for the prevention of suicidal ideation, behaviour and mental ill health in medical students: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina Witt ◽  
Alexandra Boland ◽  
Michelle Lamblin ◽  
Patrick D McGorry ◽  
Benjamin Veness ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Medical Education And Training ◽  
Current Evidence Base ◽  
Anxiety Depression

QuestionA growing body of work suggests that medical students may be particularly at risk of mental ill health, suicidal ideation and behaviour, resulting in recent calls to develop interventions to prevent these outcomes. However, few reviews have synthesised the current evidence base regarding the effectiveness of these interventions and provided guidance to improve future intervention efforts.Study selection and analysisThe authors conducted a systematic review to identify studies of any design reporting the effectiveness of any universal intervention to address these outcomes in medical students. Embase, MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases were searched from their respective start dates until 1 December 2017.FindingsData from 39 studies were included. Most investigated the effectiveness of relatively brief interventions designed to reduce stress; most commonly using mindfulness-based or guided meditation approaches. Only one implemented an intervention specifically designed to address suicidal ideation; none investigated the effectiveness of an intervention specifically designed to address suicidal behaviour. Five investigated the effects of curriculum-level changes. Overall, there was limited evidence of an effect for these programmes at both the postintervention and longest follow-up assessment on depression, anxiety and stress.ConclusionsRelatively brief, individually focused, mindfulness-based interventions may be effective in reducing levels of anxiety, depression and stress in medical students in the short term. Effects on suicidal ideation and behaviour, however, remain to be determined. There has been a significant lack of attention on organisational-level stressors associated with medical education and training.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of powered exoskeleton use on gait in individuals with cerebral palsy: A systematic review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0252193
Author(s):  
Lucinda Rose Bunge ◽  
Ashleigh Jade Davidson ◽  
Benita Roslyn Helmore ◽  
Aleksandra Daniella Mavrandonis ◽  
Thomas David Page ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Childhood Disability ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Current Evidence Base

Background Cerebral palsy (CP) is a leading cause of childhood disability. The motor impairments of individuals with CP significantly affect the kinematics of an efficient gait pattern. Robotic therapies have become increasingly popular as an intervention to address this. Powered lower limb exoskeletons (PoLLE) are a novel form of robotic therapy that allow the individual to perform over-ground gait training and yet its effectiveness for CP is unknown. Purpose To determine the effectiveness of PoLLE use on gait in individuals with CP. Method A systematic search of eight electronic databases was conducted in March 2020. Studies included children (0–18 years) and or adults (18+ years) diagnosed with CP who used a PoLLE for gait training. This review was conducted and reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, with the methodology registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020177160). A modified version of the McMaster critical review form for quantitative studies was used to assess the methodological quality. Due to the heterogeneity of the included studies, a descriptive synthesis using the National Health & Medical Research Council (NHMRC) FORM framework was undertaken. Results Of the 2089 studies screened, ten case series and three case studies met the inclusion criteria highlighting the current evidence base is emerging and low level. A range of PoLLEs were investigated with effectiveness measured by using a number of outcome measures. Collectively, the body of evidence indicates there is some consistent positive evidence on the effectiveness of PoLLE in improving gait in individuals with CP, with minimal adverse effects. While this is a positive and encouraging finding for an emerging technology, methodological concerns also need to be acknowledged. Conclusion With rapidly evolving technology, PoLLEs could play a transformative role in the lives of people impacted by CP. Ongoing research is required to further strengthen the evidence base and address current methodological concerns.

Body-worn video: A systematic review of literature

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy IC Cubitt ◽  
Rebecca Lesic ◽  
Gemma L Myers ◽  
Robert Corry
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Current Case ◽  
Public Response ◽  
Current Evidence Base ◽  
Crime Types ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Law enforcement use of video-based technology has substantially increased over the past decade. This systematic review examines the current evidence base for efficacy of body-worn video and the current case for implementation. Five articles were identified as pertinent to this review from a search of five electronic databases, with a further six articles of grey literature included. Inter-rater reliability was high amongst three independent screeners of literature. Articles were short listed for review if they explicitly identified police and recording devices as topic areas. Articles were then excluded if they did not involve an operational trial of body-worn video. Eleven articles were included for review; of the five peer-reviewed studies, two were randomised controlled trials. An abundance of evidence was provided; however, the majority of articles were methodologically weak. Body-worn video was shown to reduce use of force incidents, crime rates for certain crime types and court costs. Public response to body-worn video was varied, as was police officer and public opinion. Due to methodological limitations evident in most studies and the general lack of peer-reviewed material, further research is required; however, there are some considerable benefits reported in the current literature.

Activity Pacing Education for People with Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review of the Current Evidence-base

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby Smith ◽  
Leigh Davies ◽  
Jill Jepson ◽  
Sherif Hosny ◽  
Caroline Hing
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Current Evidence Base
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