scholarly journals Lifestyle-related determinants of inflammation in adolescence

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (S1) ◽  
pp. S116-S120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Wärnberg ◽  
Esther Nova ◽  
Javier Romeo ◽  
Luís A. Moreno ◽  
Michael Sjöström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Inflammatory processes are involved in the pathogenesis of the most common chronic non-communicable diseases and may also play an important initiating role in their development. Only recently have inflammatory markers been included in epidemiological studies focusing on nutritional status, body composition and physical activity. We are just starting to understand how different lifestyles can determine basal levels of inflammatory biomarkers in early ages. This review aims to summarise what is known about the relationships between lifestyle-related determinants (focusing on overweight, physical activity and dietary habits) and inflammatory markers in apparently healthy young populations. Obesity is the most widely studied determinant. Several large-scale studies have now demonstrated that healthy young subjects with more body fat or higher BMI have moderately higher concentrations of inflammatory markers than their leaner peers, supporting the idea that obesity should be considered as a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. Less data is available to allow us to elucidate how physical activity/fitness or dietary patterns may have a direct effect on inflammation in apparently healthy, disease-free young populations.

Association between physical frailty and inflammation in late-life depression

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S84-S85
Author(s):  
M. Arts ◽  
R. Collard ◽  
H. Comijs ◽  
P. Naudé ◽  
R. Risselada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
Frailty Phenotype ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

IntroductionAlthough the criteria for physical frailty and depression partly overlap, both represent unique, but reciprocally related constructs. The association between inflammation and frailty has been reported consistently, in contrast to the association between inflammation and late-life depression (LLD).Aim and objectivesTo determine whether physical frailty is associated with low-grade inflammation in LLD.MethodsThe physical frailty phenotype, defined as three out of five criteria (weight loss, weakness, exhaustion, slowness, low physical activity level), and three inflammatory markers [C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin (NGAL)] were assessed in a sample of individuals aged 60 and older with depression according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, criteria (n = 366).ResultsThe physical frailty phenotype was not associated with inflammatory markers in linear regression models adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle characteristics, and somatic morbidity. Of the individual criteria, handgrip strength was associated with CRP and IL-6, and gait speed was associated with NGAL. Principal component analysis identified two dimensions within the physical frailty phenotype: performance-based physical frailty (encompassing gait speed, handgrip strength, and low physical activity) and vitality-based physical frailty (encompassing weight loss and exhaustion). Only performance-based physical frailty was associated with higher levels of inflammatory markers.ConclusionThe physical frailty phenotype is not a unidimensional construct in individuals with depression. Only performance-based physical frailty is associated with low-grade inflammation in LLD, which might point to a specific depressive subtype.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Osteopontin Expression in Human and Murine Obesity: Extensive Local Up-Regulation in Adipose Tissue but Minimal Systemic Alterations

Endocrinology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 1350-1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian W. Kiefer ◽  
Maximilian Zeyda ◽  
Jelena Todoric ◽  
Joakim Huber ◽  
René Geyeregger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Multifunctional Protein ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Obesity is associated with a chronic low-grade inflammation characterized by macrophage infiltration of adipose tissue (AT) that may underlie the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional protein involved in various inflammatory processes, cell migration, and tissue remodeling. Because these processes occur in the AT of obese patients, we studied in detail the regulation of OPN expression in human and murine obesity. The study included 20 morbidly obese patients and 20 age- and sex-matched control subjects, as well as two models (diet-induced and genetic) of murine obesity. In high-fat diet-induced and genetically obese mice, OPN expression was drastically up-regulated in AT (40 and 80-fold, respectively) but remained largely unaltered in liver (<2-fold). Moreover, OPN plasma concentrations remained unchanged in both murine models of obesity, suggesting a particular local but not systemic importance for OPN. OPN expression was strongly elevated also in the AT of obese patients compared with lean subjects in both omental and sc AT. In addition, we detected three OPN isoforms to be expressed in human AT and, strikingly, an obesity induced alteration of the OPN isoform expression pattern. Analysis of AT cellular fractions revealed that OPN is exceptionally highly expressed in AT macrophages in humans and mice. Moreover, OPN expression in AT macrophages was strongly up-regulated by obesity. In conclusion, our data point toward a specific local role of OPN in obese AT. Therefore, OPN could be a critical regulator in obesity induced AT inflammation and insulin resistance.

Does physical activity influence the association between depressive symptoms and low-grade inflammation in adults? A study of 8,048 adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 112967 ◽  
Author(s):  
André O. Werneck ◽  
Diego G.D. Christofaro ◽  
Raphael M. Ritti-Dias ◽  
Gabriel G. Cucato ◽  
Brendon Stubbs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

scholarly journals Legume consumption and its association with fasting glucose, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in the Indian Migration Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (16) ◽  
pp. 3017-3026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preet K Dhillon ◽  
Liza Bowen ◽  
Sanjay Kinra ◽  
Ankalmadugu Venkatsubbareddy Bharathi ◽  
Sutapa Agrawal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Migration Status

AbstractObjectiveLegume consumption is associated with lower fasting glucose (FG) and insulin levels in nutrition trials and lower CVD mortality in large-scale epidemiological studies. In India, legumes are widely consumed in various preparations, yet no epidemiological study has evaluated the association of legumes with FG levels, insulin resistance and diabetes risk. The present study aimed to fill this gap.DesignFasting blood samples, in-person interviews to obtain information on demographic/socio-economic factors, physical activity, alcohol and tobacco use, and anthropometric measurements were collected. Dietary intakes were assessed by an interviewer-administered, validated, semi-quantitative FFQ.SettingLucknow, Nagpur, Hyderabad and Bangalore, India.SubjectsMen and women (n 6367) aged 15–76 years – urban residents, urban migrants and their rural siblings.ResultsIn multivariate random-effects models adjusted for age, BMI, total energy intake, macronutrients, physical activity and rural/migration status, daily legume consumption was not associated with FG (P-for-trend=0·78), insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment score; P-for-trend=0·73) or the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (P-for-trend=0·41). Stratified analyses by vegetarian diet and migration status did not change the findings. Inverse associations between legumes and FG emerged for participants with lower BMI and higher carbohydrate, protein, fat and sugar intakes.ConclusionsAlthough legumes are essential in traditional Indian diets, as well as in prudent and Mediterranean diets in the West, we did not find an association between legumes and markers of glycaemic control, insulin resistance or diabetes, except for subgroups based on BMI and macronutrient intake. The ubiquitous presence and complexity of legume preparations in Indian diets may contribute to these findings.

scholarly journals Dietary saturated fat and low-grade inflammation modified by accelerometer-measured physical activity in adolescence: results from the GINIplus and LISA birth cohorts

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla P. Harris ◽  
Andrea von Berg ◽  
Dietrich Berdel ◽  
Carl-Peter Bauer ◽  
Tamara Schikowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

scholarly journals Whole grain-rich diet reduces body weight and systemic low-grade inflammation without inducing major changes of the gut microbiome: a randomised cross-over trial

Gut ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Munch Roager ◽  
Josef K Vogt ◽  
Mette Kristensen ◽  
Lea Benedicte S Hansen ◽  
Sabine Ibrügger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Intestinal Transit Time ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

ObjectiveTo investigate whether a whole grain diet alters the gut microbiome and insulin sensitivity, as well as biomarkers of metabolic health and gut functionality.Design60 Danish adults at risk of developing metabolic syndrome were included in a randomised cross-over trial with two 8-week dietary intervention periods comprising whole grain diet and refined grain diet, separated by a washout period of ≥6 weeks. The response to the interventions on the gut microbiome composition and insulin sensitivity as well on measures of glucose and lipid metabolism, gut functionality, inflammatory markers, anthropometry and urine metabolomics were assessed.Results50 participants completed both periods with a whole grain intake of 179±50 g/day and 13±10 g/day in the whole grain and refined grain period, respectively. Compliance was confirmed by a difference in plasma alkylresorcinols (p<0.0001). Compared with refined grain, whole grain did not significantly alter glucose homeostasis and did not induce major changes in the faecal microbiome. Also, breath hydrogen levels, plasma short-chain fatty acids, intestinal integrity and intestinal transit time were not affected. The whole grain diet did, however, compared with the refined grain diet, decrease body weight (p<0.0001), serum inflammatory markers, interleukin (IL)-6 (p=0.009) and C-reactive protein (p=0.003). The reduction in body weight was consistent with a reduction in energy intake, and IL-6 reduction was associated with the amount of whole grain consumed, in particular with intake of rye.ConclusionCompared with refined grain diet, whole grain diet did not alter insulin sensitivity and gut microbiome but reduced body weight and systemic low-grade inflammation.Trial registration numberNCT01731366; Results.

Betaine reduces the expression of inflammatory adipokines caused by hypoxia in human adipocytes

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Olli ◽  
S. Lahtinen ◽  
N. Rautonen ◽  
K. Tiihonen
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Human Adipocytes ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Obesity is characterised by a state of chronic low-grade inflammation and the elevated circulating and tissue levels of inflammatory markers, including inflammation-related adipokines, released from white adipose tissue. The expression and release of these adipokines generally rises as the adipose tissue expands and hypoxic conditions start to develop within the tissue. Here, the effect of betaine, a trimethylglycine having a biological role as an osmolyte and a methyl donor, on the expression of inflammation-related markers was tested in human adipocytes under hypoxia. Differentiated adipocytes were cultivated under low (1 %) oxygen tension for 8–20 h. The expression of different adipokines, including IL-6, leptin, PPARγ, TNF-α and adiponectin, was measured by quantitative PCR by determining the relative mRNA level from the adipocytes. Hypoxia, in general, led to a decrease in the expression of PPARγ mRNA in human adipocytes, whereas the expression levels of leptin and IL-6 mRNA were substantially increased by hypoxia. The cultivation of adipocytes under hypoxia also led to a reduction in the expression of TNF-α mRNA. The results showed that hypoxia increased the relative quantification of leptin gene transcription, and that betaine (250 μmol/l) reduced this effect, caused by low oxygen conditions. Under hypoxia, betaine also reduced the mRNA level of the pro-inflammatory markers IL-6 and TNF-α. These results demonstrate that the extensive changes in the expression of inflammation-related adipokines in human adipocytes caused by hypoxia can be diminished by the presence of physiologically relevant concentrations of betaine.

Association of Fear of Terror With Low-Grade Inflammation Among Apparently Healthy Employed Adults

2004 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Melamed ◽  
Arie Shirom ◽  
Sharon Toker ◽  
Shlomo Berliner ◽  
Itzhak Shapira
Keyword(s):  
Low Grade ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
Apparently Healthy
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