Prebiotic effect of fruit and vegetable shots containing Jerusalem artichoke inulin: a human intervention study

The present study aimed to determine the prebiotic effect of fruit and vegetable shots containing inulin derived from Jerusalem artichoke (JA). A three-arm parallel, placebo-controlled, double-blind study was carried out with sixty-six healthy human volunteers (thirty-three men and thirty-three women, age range: 18–50 years). Subjects were randomised into three groups (n22) assigned to consume either the test shots, pear-carrot-sea buckthorn (PCS) or plum-pear-beetroot (PPB), containing JA inulin (5 g/d) or the placebo. Fluorescentin situhybridisation was used to monitor populations of total bacteria, bacteroides, bifidobacteria,Clostridium perfringens/histolyticumsubgroup,Eubacterium rectale/Clostridium coccoidesgroup, Lactobacillus/Enterococcusspp.,Atopobiumspp.,Faecalibacterium prausnitziiand propionibacteria. Bifidobacteria levels were significantly higher on consumption of both the PCS and PPB shots (10·0 (sd0·24) and 9·8 (sd0·22) log10cells/g faeces, respectively) compared with placebo (9·3 (sd0·42) log10cells/g faeces) (P < 0·0001). A small though significant increase inLactobacillus/Enterococcusgroup was also observed for both the PCS and PPB shots (8·3 (sd0·49) and 8·3 (sd0·36) log10cells/g faeces, respectively) compared with placebo (8·1 (sd0·37) log10cells/g faeces) (P = 0·042). Other bacterial groups and faecal SCFA concentrations remained unaffected. No extremities were seen in the adverse events, medication or bowel habits. A slight significant increase in flatulence was reported in the subjects consuming the PCS and PPB shots compared with placebo, but overall flatulence levels remained mild. A very high level of compliance (>90 %) to the product was observed. The present study confirms the prebiotic efficacy of fruit and vegetable shots containing JA inulin.

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Consumption by Healthy Adults of Pasteurized Milk with a High Concentration of Bacillus cereus: A Double-Blind Study

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-59.7.723 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 59 (7) ◽

pp. 723-726 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

LEO P. M. LANGEVELD ◽

WILLEM A. VAN SPRONSEN ◽

EMERENTIA C. H. VAN BERESTEIJN ◽

SERVÉ H. W. NOTERMANS

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Cereus ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Double Blind Study ◽

High Concentration ◽

Healthy Human ◽

Double Blind ◽

Pasteurized Milk ◽

Human Volunteers ◽

Pure Cultures ◽

Gastrointestinal Complaints

A double-blind experiment with 34 healthy human volunteers, aged between 20 and 60 years, was conducted to obtain information about the allowable concentration of B. cereus in pasteurized milk. During a period of 3 weeks the subjects were exposed to B. cereus naturally present in pasteurized milk following storage for 3 to 14 days at 7.5°C. Of 259 milk exposures, gastrointestinal complaints were observed in 18 cases. According to total numbers of B. cereus ingested per exposure the complaints per number of exposures were distributed as follows: < 106: 5 in 132; 106 to 107: 2 in 32; 107 to 108 : 2 in 26; and > 108: 9 in 69. Symptoms, however, were not typical of those caused by B. cereus. There was a weak significance (P ≤ 0.1) for symptoms when > 108 B. cereus cells were ingested. Milk with 106 to 107 B. cereus cells per ml showed a very low diarrheal enterotoxin titer. Pure cultures of B. cereus strains isolated from samples with high B. cereus concentrations also showed a low production of enterotoxin. It can be concluded that for healthy adults the probability of become diseased from cold-stored pasteurized milk is small. From the results no evidence is obtained that B. cereus concentrations less than 105/ml will cause intoxication.

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A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study to evaluate analgesic activity of Terminalia chebula in healthy human volunteers using a mechanical pain model

Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.4103/0970-9185.173365 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 329 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Usharani Pingali ◽

VenkataKishan Pokuri ◽

ChiranjeeviUday Kumar

Keyword(s):

Analgesic Activity ◽

Terminalia Chebula ◽

Healthy Human ◽

Double Blind ◽

Pain Model ◽

Double Blind Placebo ◽

Human Volunteers

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Methods to Assess Breathlessness in Healthy Subjects: A Critical Evaluation and Application to Analyse the Acute Effects of Diazepam and Promethazine on Breathlessness Induced by Exercise or by Exposure to Raised Levels of Carbon Dioxide

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0610429 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 429-439 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

R. D. Stark ◽

S. A. Gambles ◽

J. A. Lewis

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Critical Evaluation ◽

Double Blind Study ◽

Double Blind ◽

Cardiorespiratory Function ◽

Graded Exercise ◽

High Level ◽

A Minor ◽

The Relationship

1. Methods were devised and evaluated for inducing breathlessness by submaximal graded exercise in healthy subjects while objective measurements of cardiorespiratory function were made. Breathlessness was assessed with serial visual analogue scales (VAS), but with various measures to enhance repeatability. 2. A high level of reproducibility was obtained in spite of the subjective nature of the assessment. Individual responses were described by the relationship between breathlessness and ventilation. The sensitivity of the method was demonstrated by the use of inspiratory resistances which disturbed this relationship and caused greater breathlessness for a given level of ventilation. 3. These methods were applied to six healthy subjects to analyse the effects of acute doses of diazepam and promethazine on breathlessness induced by graded exercise or by rebreathing carbon dioxide in a double-blind study. 4. During exercise, diazepam and promethazine did not reduce breathlessness, although there was a minor trend with promethazine. During exposure to elevated levels of carbon dioxide, diazepam and promethazine had no effect on breathlessness. Diazepam and promethazine produced similar levels of sedation, but neither drug had significant effects on the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide. These preliminary findings contrast with those reported for chronic diazepam in ‘pink puffers’. 5. Raised levels of carbon dioxide caused greater breathlessness in relation to ventilation than did exercise.

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Glutamine and carbohydrate supplements reduce ammonemia increase during endurance field exercise

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/h07-091 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. 1186-1190 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Jacqueline Carvalho-Peixoto ◽

Robson Cardilo Alves ◽

Luiz-Claudio Cameron

Keyword(s):

Central Fatigue ◽

Ammonia Concentration ◽

Ammonia Level ◽

Strenuous Exercise ◽

Double Blind Study ◽

Blood Ammonia ◽

Double Blind ◽

Field Situation ◽

High Level ◽

The Impact

Blood ammonia concentration increases during endurance exercise and has been proposed as a cause for both peripheral and central fatigue. We examined the impact of glutamine and (or) carbohydrate supplementation on ammonemia in high-level runners. Fifteen men in pre-competitive training ran 120 min (~34 km) outdoors on 4 occasions. On the first day, the 15 athletes ran without the use of supplements and blood samples were taken every 30 min. After that, each day for 4 d before the next 3 exercise trials, we supplemented the athletes’ normal diets in bolus with carbohydrate (1 g·kg–1·d–1), glutamine (70 mg·kg–1·d–1), or a combination of both in a double-blind study. Blood ammonia level was determined before the run and every 30 min during the run. During the control trial ammonia increased progressively to approximately 70% above rest concentration. Following supplementation, independent of treatment, ammonia was not different (p > 0.05) for the first 60 min, but for the second hour it was lower than in the control (p < 0.05). Supplementation in high-level, endurance athletes reduced the accumulation of blood ammonia during prolonged, strenuous exercise in a field situation.

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OP052 EFFECTS OF ORAL CITRULLINE ON WHOLE BODY PROTEIN METABOLISM IN HEALTHY HUMAN VOLUNTEERS: A PROSPECTIVE, RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, CROSS-OVER STUDY

Clinical Nutrition Supplements ◽

10.1016/s1744-1161(11)70052-7 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 21-22

Author(s):

R. Thibault ◽

L. Flet ◽

F. Vavasseur ◽

M. Lemerle ◽

V. Ferchaud-Roucher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Metabolism ◽

Whole Body ◽

Healthy Human ◽

Double Blind ◽

Body Protein ◽

Human Volunteers

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Assessment of psychotropic-like properties of a probiotic formulation (Lactobacillus helveticusR0052 andBifidobacterium longumR0175) in rats and human subjects

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114510004319 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 105 (5) ◽

pp. 755-764 ◽

Cited By ~ 626

Author(s):

Michaël Messaoudi ◽

Robert Lalonde ◽

Nicolas Violle ◽

Hervé Javelot ◽

Didier Desor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psychological Distress ◽

Bifidobacterium Longum ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Oral Intake ◽

Lactobacillus Helveticus ◽

Global Severity Index ◽

Healthy Human ◽

Double Blind ◽

Human Volunteers ◽

Free Cortisol

In a previous clinical study, a probiotic formulation (PF) consisting ofLactobacillus helveticusR0052 andBifidobacterium longumR0175 (PF) decreased stress-induced gastrointestinal discomfort. Emerging evidence of a role for gut microbiota on central nervous system functions therefore suggests that oral intake of probiotics may have beneficial consequences on mood and psychological distress. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anxiolytic-like activity of PF in rats, and its possible effects on anxiety, depression, stress and coping strategies in healthy human volunteers. In the preclinical study, rats were daily administered PF for 2 weeks and subsequently tested in the conditioned defensive burying test, a screening model for anti-anxiety agents. In the clinical trial, volunteers participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised parallel group study with PF administered for 30 d and assessed with the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-90), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Perceived Stress Scale, the Coping Checklist (CCL) and 24 h urinary free cortisol (UFC). Daily subchronic administration of PF significantly reduced anxiety-like behaviour in rats (P < 0·05) and alleviated psychological distress in volunteers, as measured particularly by the HSCL-90 scale (global severity index,P < 0·05; somatisation,P < 0·05; depression,P < 0·05; and anger–hostility,P < 0·05), the HADS (HADS global score,P < 0·05; and HADS-anxiety,P < 0·06), and by the CCL (problem solving,P < 0·05) and the UFC level (P < 0·05).L. helveticusR0052 andB. longumR0175 taken in combination display anxiolytic-like activity in rats and beneficial psychological effects in healthy human volunteers.

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Effect of an Experimental Paste with Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles and Fluoride on Dental Demineralisation and Remineralisation in situ

Caries Research ◽

10.1159/000438466 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 49 (5) ◽

pp. 499-507 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Beatriz M. Souza ◽

Livia P. Comar ◽

Mariele Vertuan ◽

Constantino Fernandes Neto ◽

Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Positive Influence ◽

Double Blind Study ◽

Double Blind ◽

Mi Paste Plus ◽

Mi Paste ◽

Fluoride Dentifrice ◽

Casein Phosphopeptide ◽

Mineral Loss

This study evaluated the effect of an experimental paste containing hydroxyapatite in nanoparticles (nano-HA)/fluoride on dental de-remineralisation in situ. Thirteen subjects took part in this crossover/randomised/double-blind study performed in 4 phases (14 days each). Four sound and 4 pre-demineralised specimens were worn intraorally at each phase corresponding to the following treatments: Nanop Plus (10% HA, 0.2% NaF, nano-HA/fluoride), MI Paste Plus (casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate, 0.2% NaF), F (0.2% NaF) and placebo. Two-hundred and forty enamel and 240 dentine specimens were selected by using surface microhardness; half of them were subjected to pre-demineralisation and the other half remained sound. Sound specimens were further exposed to severe cariogenic challenge (20% sucrose in biofilm) in situ, while pre-demineralised specimens were not. All specimens were exposed to fluoride dentifrice slurry 2 × 1 min/day. Thereafter, the treatments were done for 4 min. The de-remineralisation was quantified by transversal microradiography. The data were statistically analysed by repeated-measures ANOVA/Tukey's tests (p < 0.05). Generally, no huge differences were found among the treatments. However, Nanop Plus was the only treatment able to significantly reduce dentine demineralisation (ΔZ, integrated mineral loss) and to improve enamel remineralisation (ΔΔZ, integrated mineral uptake) compared to placebo. No treatments were able to reduce enamel demineralisation, while for dentine remineralisation all treatments were similarly effective in improving ΔΔZ compared to placebo. Nanop Plus seems to have a positive influence on dental de-remineralisation, which should be further confirmed.

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Effectiveness of a Toothpaste with Low Fluoride Content Combined with Trimetaphosphate on Dental Biofilm and Enamel Demineralization in situ

Caries Research ◽

10.1159/000381960 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 394-400 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Eliana M. Takeshita ◽

Marcelle Danelon ◽

Luciene P. Castro ◽

Kikue T. Sassaki ◽

Alberto C.B. Delbem

Keyword(s):

Sucrose Solution ◽

Blind Study ◽

Double Blind Study ◽

Oral Appliances ◽

Double Blind ◽

Sodium Trimetaphosphate ◽

Dental Biofilm ◽

Enamel Demineralization ◽

Mineral Loss

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate in situ whether a toothpaste with low fluoride associated with sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) would provide similar effect to that of a 1,100 ppm F toothpaste. Design: This crossover double-blind study consisted of 4 phases (14 days each), during which 10 volunteers wore oral appliances containing 4 enamel bovine blocks. The cariogenic challenge was performed by the application of a 20% sucrose solution (6×/day). The toothpaste treatments (2×/day) were: placebo, 500 ppm F, 500 ppm F plus 1% TMP, and 1,100 ppm F. At the end, enamel mineral loss and biofilm composition were analyzed. Results: The toothpaste with 500 ppm F plus 1% TMP showed the lowest mineral loss (p < 0.05). Regarding the fluoride and calcium concentrations in the enamel and in the biofilm, there were no significant differences between 500 ppm F plus 1% TMP, and 1,100 ppm F toothpastes (p > 0.569), but they were significantly different when compared to toothpaste with 500 ppm F (p < 0.050). Conclusion: The addition of 1% TMP to a low-fluoride toothpaste reduces enamel demineralization in situ similar to a 1,100 ppm F toothpaste.

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Cariogenic Potential of Sucrose Associated with Maltodextrin on Dental Enamel

Caries Research ◽

10.1159/000453623 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 129-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gabriela Rezende ◽

Rodrigo A. Arthur ◽

Debora Grando ◽

Lina N. Hashizume

Keyword(s):

Dental Enamel ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Mutans Streptococci ◽

Extracellular Polysaccharides ◽

Double Blind Study ◽

Double Blind ◽

Dextrose Equivalent ◽

Inorganic Composition ◽

Bovine Enamel

Maltodextrin is a hydrolysate of cornstarch and has been widely used in the food industry associated with sucrose. The addition of starch can increase the cariogenic potential of sucrose; however, there are sparse data regarding the cariogenicity of sucrose associated with maltodextrin. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test in situ if maltodextrin could increase the cariogenic potential of sucrose. This was an in situ, randomized, crossover, split-mouth, and double-blind study. Volunteers wore palatal appliances containing bovine enamel blocks for 2 periods of 14 days. They dripped the following solutions on the enamel blocks 8 times per day: deionized distilled water (DDW), maltodextrin (M), sucrose + maltodextrin (S+M), or sucrose (S). At the end of each experimental period, biofilms were collected and analyzed for microbiological (mutans streptococci, lactobacilli, and total microorganisms counts) and biochemical (calcium, inorganic phosphate, fluoride, and insoluble extracellular polysaccharides concentrations) compositions. The enamel demineralization was assessed by microhardness. Treatments S and S+M resulted in a lower inorganic composition and higher concentration of insoluble extracellular polysaccharides in the biofilms, and higher enamel mineral loss compared to DDW and M. It can be concluded that the cariogenic potential of sucrose is not changed when this carbohydrate is associated with maltodextrin (dextrose equivalent 13-17).

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