scholarly journals Supplementing chicken broth with monosodium glutamate reduces hunger and desire to snack but does not affect energy intake in women

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (9) ◽  
pp. 1441-1448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett E. Carter ◽  
Pablo Monsivais ◽  
Martine M. Perrigue ◽  
Adam Drewnowski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Testing Session ◽  
Subjective Ratings ◽  
Plate Waste ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Chicken Broth ◽  
Double Blinded

The effect of monosodium glutamate (MSG) supplementation in soup or broth on satiety is not well understood. In the present study, the relative effects of four chicken broths with or without added MSG on motivational ratings and energy intakes at the next meal were compared using a double-blinded, within-subject design. A total of thirty-five normal-weight women, aged 20–40 years, took part in four study sessions. The four broths were base chicken broth (63 kJ), broth with added MSG (1·19 g) and nucleotides (0·03 g), broth with added MSG (1·22 g), and broth with added fat (BAF; 681 kJ). The preloads were presented twice at 09.00 and 11.15 hours for a maximum cumulative dose of 2·44 g MSG. Motivational ratings were collected before and at 15 min intervals post-ingestion for a total of 210 min. A test lunch meal was served at 12.00 hours, and plate waste was measured. The addition of MSG to chicken broth did not increase energy intakes at lunch or affect motivational ratings over the entire testing session. Both hunger and desire to snack between the second preload exposure and the test meal were significantly reduced in the MSG condition relative to the base broth condition (both, P =  0·03). However, only the BAF significantly suppressed energy intakes at lunch compared with the base broth control condition. Supplementing chicken broth with MSG can increase subjective ratings for satiety but does not alter energy intake at the next meal relative to an equal energy broth without added MSG.

scholarly journals Mechanisms behind the portion size effect-visibility and bite size

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Stanley Burger ◽  
Susan L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Size Effect ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Bite Size ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Participant Characteristics

Increases in portion size lead to increases in energy intake, yet the mechanisms behind this ‘portion size effect’ are unclear. This study tested possible mechanisms of the portion size effect i.e., bite size and visual cues in 30 over- and normal-weight individuals (15 men, 15 women). A 2x2 repeated measures, within-subject design was used to test the effects of portion size (410g vs. 820g of a pasta dish) and visual cues (blindfolded vs. visible) on energy intake. At each meal participants were exposed to one of four experimental conditions (small portion/visible; small portion/blindfold; large portion/visible; large portion/blindfold). Participant characteristics, food intake, number of bites, meal duration, palatability measures and hunger and fullness were assessed. In response to a doubling of the portion presented, entrée energy intake increased 26% (220kcal P < 0.001) and mean bite size increased 2.4g/bite (P < 0.05). Overweight individuals consumed 40% (334kcal) more of the entrée in response to the large portion condition (P < 0.05), while lean individuals’ intakes did not differ (P < 0.56). A 12% (122kcal) decrease in entrée intake was observed in the blindfolded condition (P < 0.01), but no portion by visual cue interaction was found; indicating that blindfolding did not attenuate the portion size effect. These data suggest that the portion size effect is greater in overweight individuals and occurs via changes in bite size.

Supplementing chicken broth with monosodium glutamate reduces energy intake from high fat and sweet snacks in middle-aged healthy women

Appetite ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 158-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshifumi Imada ◽  
Susan Shuzhen Hao ◽  
Kunio Torii ◽  
Eiichiro Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Chicken Broth

Effects of PYY3–36 and GLP-1 on energy intake, energy expenditure, and appetite in overweight men

2014 ◽  
Vol 306 (11) ◽  
pp. E1248-E1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Berg Schmidt ◽  
Nikolaj Ture Gregersen ◽  
Sue D. Pedersen ◽  
Johanne L. Arentoft ◽  
Christian Ritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Infusion Period ◽  
Blood Variables

Our aim was to examine the effects of GLP-1 and PYY3–36, separately and in combination, on energy intake, energy expenditure, appetite sensations, glucose and fat metabolism, ghrelin, and vital signs in healthy overweight men. Twenty-five healthy male subjects participated in this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, four-arm crossover study (BMI 29 ± 3 kg/m2, age 33 ± 9 yr). On separate days they received a 150-min intravenous infusion of 1) 0.8 pmol·kg−1·min−1 PYY3–36, 2) 1.0 pmol·kg−1·min−1 GLP-1, 3) GLP-1 + PYY3–36, or 4) placebo. Ad libitum energy intake was assessed during the final 30 min. Measurements of appetite sensations, energy expenditure and fat oxidation, vital signs, and blood variables were collected throughout the infusion period. No effect on energy intake was found after monoinfusions of PYY3–36 (−4.2 ± 4.8%, P = 0.8) or GLP-1 (−3.0 ± 4.5%, P = 0.9). However, the coinfusion reduced energy intake compared with placebo (−30.4 ± 6.5%, P < 0.0001) and more than the sum of the monoinfusions ( P < 0.001), demonstrating a synergistic effect. Coinfusion slightly increased sensation of nausea ( P < 0.05), but this effect could not explain the effect on energy intake. A decrease in plasma ghrelin was found after all treatments compared with placebo (all P < 0.05); however, infusions of GLP-1 + PYY3–36 resulted in an additional decrease compared with the monoinfusions (both P < 0.01). We conclude that coinfusion of GLP-1 and PYY3–36 exerted a synergistic effect on energy intake. The satiating effect of the meal was enhanced by GLP-1 and PYY3–36 in combination compared with placebo. Coinfusion was accompanied by slightly increased nausea and a decrease in plasma ghrelin, but neither of these factors could explain the reduction in energy intake.

scholarly journals How is Satiety Affected When Consuming Food While Working on A Computer?

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily Ding ◽  
Nazimah Hamid ◽  
Daniel Shepherd ◽  
Kevin Kantono
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Restrained Eating ◽  
Computer Work ◽  
Meal Intake ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

More people working at offices are choosing to eat meals at their desks, making “desktop dining” an increasingly common phenomenon. Previous studies have reported that environmental distractors, such as television viewing, can influence meal intake and subsequent snack intake. However, the impact of stressful mental tasks on eating behavior has received relatively less attention, focusing only on subsequent meal intake or concurrent snack intake. This study sets out to determine whether eating while working influenced current meal energy intake. This research also examined the relationship between dietary restraint status and energy intake. A crossover experimental design was employed requiring participants (14 males and 29 females) to eat pizza quietly and at rest (control), and while working on a computer (work). Measurements included BMI, energy intake, state anxiety, restrained eating behavior, stress levels (pre- and post-eating), and appetite (before and after both work and control sessions). The findings showed that consuming food while working on a computer significantly increased stress but had no influence on energy intake compared to the control condition. However, post-eating hunger levels were significantly higher in the work condition compared to the control condition. As expected, satiety levels decreased significantly from pre- to post-eating for both work and control conditions. In addition, no significant relationship was observed between restrained eating behavior and energy intake in both work and control conditions. These results suggest that eating while working affected satiety of normal weight participants, as indicated by the significant difference in post-meal satiety levels between work and control conditions.

scholarly journals Increased satiety after intake of a chocolate milk drink compared with a carbonated beverage, but no difference in subsequent ad libitum lunch intake

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Harper ◽  
Anita James ◽  
Anne Flint ◽  
Arne Astrup
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Chocolate Milk ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Carbonated Beverage ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Prospective Consumption

The rising rate of obesity has been blamed on increased consumption of sugar-sweetened soft drinks, such as carbonated sodas, which fail to satisfy hunger. The objective of the present study was to compare the effect on appetite and energy intake of a sugar-sweetened beverage (cola) and a chocolate milk drink, matched for energy content and volume. It was hypothesised that chocolate milk may be more satiating because of its protein content. Twenty-two healthy young men (age 23 (sd 1·8) years) of normal weight (BMI 22·2 (sd 1·5) kg/m2) were recruited to the randomised cross-over study. Visual analogue scales were used to record subjective appetite ratings every 30 min on each of two test days. A drink of 500 ml cola or chocolate milk (900 kJ) was ingested 30 min before an ad libitum lunch. Satiety and fullness were significantly greater (P = 0·0007, P = 0·0004, respectively) 30 min after chocolate milk than after cola. Ratings of prospective consumption and hunger were significantly greater after cola than after chocolate milk, both immediately after preload intake (P = 0·008, P = 0·01, respectively) and 30 min afterwards (P = 0·004, P = 0·01, respectively). There was no significant difference (P = 0·42) in ad libitum lunch intake after ingestion of chocolate milk (3145 (sd 1268) kJ) compared with cola (3286 (sd 1346) kJ). The results support the hypothesis that sweetened soft drinks are different from milk products in their impact on short-term hunger and satiety, although differences in subjective appetite scores were not translated into differences in energy intake.

scholarly journals Predictors of Post-Exercise Energy Intake in Adolescents Ranging in Weight Status from Overweight to Severe Obesity

Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Nicole Fearnbach ◽  
Amanda E. Staiano ◽  
Neil M. Johannsen ◽  
Daniel S. Hsia ◽  
Robbie A. Beyl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Severe Obesity ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Body Composition Change ◽  
Ad Libitum

Exercise may sensitize individuals with overweight and obesity to appetitive signals (e.g., hunger and fullness cues), overriding trait eating behaviors that contribute to overeating and obesity, such as uncontrolled eating. The objective of the current study was to measure predictors of objective ad libitum energy intake at a laboratory-based, post-exercise test-meal in adolescents ranging in weight status from overweight to severe obesity. We hypothesized that appetitive states, rather than appetitive traits, would be the strongest predictors of energy intake at a post-exercise test-meal, after controlling for body size. At Baseline, 30 adolescents (ages 10–16 years, 50% female (F), 43% non-Hispanic white (NHW), 83% with obesity (OB)) completed state and trait appetite measures and an ad libitum dinner meal following intensive exercise. Nineteen of those participants (47% F, 32% NHW, 79% OB) completed identical assessments two years later (Year 2). Energy intake (kcal) at each time point was adjusted for fat-free mass index (i.e., body size). Adjusted energy intake was reliable from Baseline to Year 2 (ICC = 0.84). Multiple pre-meal appetite ratings were associated with test-meal energy intake. In stepwise linear regression models, pre-meal prospective food consumption was the strongest and only significant predictor of test-meal energy intake at both Baseline (R2 = 0.25, p = 0.005) and Year 2 (R2 = 0.41, p = 0.003). Baseline post-exercise energy intake was associated with weight change over two years (R2 = 0.24, p = 0.04), but not with change in fat mass (p = 0.11). Appetitive traits were not associated with weight or body composition change (p > 0.22). State appetite cues were the strongest predictors of post-exercise energy intake, independent of body size. Future studies should examine whether long-term exercise programs enhance responsiveness to homeostatic appetite signals in youth with overweight and obesity, with a goal to reduce excess energy intake and risk for weight gain over time.

Effect of Acute Exercise and Cycling Desk on Energy Intake and Appetite Response to Mental Work: The CORTEX Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-439
Author(s):  
David Thivel ◽  
Pauline Genin ◽  
Alicia Fillon ◽  
Marwa Khammassi ◽  
Johanna Roche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mental Work ◽  
Visual Analog Scales

Background: While mental work has been shown to favor overconsumption, the present study compared the effect of a cognitive task alone, followed by acute exercise, or performed on a cycling desk, on short-term food intake and appetite in adults. Methods: A total of 19 normal-weight adults randomly completed: resting session (CON), 30-minute cognitive task (CT), 30-minute cognitive task followed by a 15-minute high-intensity interval exercise bout (CT–EX), and 30-minute cognitive task performed on a cycling desk (CT-CD). Energy expenditure was estimated (heart rate–workload relationship), and energy intake (EI; ad libitum) and appetite (visual analog scales) were assessed. Results: Energy expenditure was higher in CT-EX (P < .001) compared with the other conditions and in CT-CD compared with CON and CT (P < .01). EI was higher in CON (P < .05) and CT-CD compared with CT (P < .01). Relative EI was higher in CON compared with CT (P < .05) and lower in CT-EX compared with CT, CT-CD, and CON (all Ps < .001). Area under the curve desire to eat was higher in CON compared with CT (P < .05) and CT-EX (P < .01). Area under the curve prospective food consumption was higher in CON compared with CT-EX (P < .01). Overall composite appetite score was not different between conditions. Conclusion: While cycling desks are recommended to break up sedentary time, the induced increase in energy expenditure might not be enough to significantly reduce overall short-term relative EI after mental work.

Statistical Evaluation of Total Energy Intake Based on the Number of Food Portions and Body Weight

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rousset S ◽  
◽  
Médard S ◽  
Fleury G ◽  
Fardet A ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Total Energy Intake ◽  
Validation Dataset ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
The Mean

The evaluation of food intake based on various assessment methods is critical and underreporting is frequent. The aim of the study was to develop an indirect statistical method of the total energy intake estimation based on gender, weight and the number of portions. Energy intake prediction was developed and evaluated for validity using energy expenditure measurements given by the WellBeNet app. A total of 190 volunteers with various BMIs were recruited and assigned either in the train or the test sample. The mean energy provided by a portion was evaluated by linear regression models from the train sample. The absolute values of the error between the energy intake estimation and the energy expenditure measurement were calculated for each volunteer, by subgroup and for the whole group. The performance of the models was determined using the validation dataset. As the number of portions is the only variable used in the model, the error was 30.7% and 26.5% in the train and test sample. After adding body weight in the model, the error in absolute value decreased to 8.8% and 10.8% for the normal-weight women and men, and 11.7% and 12.8% for the overweight female and male volunteers, respectively. The findings of this study indicate that a statistical approach and knowledge of the usual number of portions and body weight is effective and sufficient to obtain a precise evaluation of energy intake (about 10% of error) after a simple and brief enquiry.

scholarly journals Altering the temporal distribution of energy intake with isoenergetically dense foods given as snacks does not affect total daily energy intake in normal-weight men

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Johnstone ◽  
E. Shannon ◽  
S. Whybrow ◽  
C. A. Reid ◽  
R. J. Stubbs
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Fixed Composition ◽  
Ad Libitum

The objectives of the present study were to examine the effects of (1) ingesting mandatory snacks v. no snacks and (2) the composition of isoenergetically-dense snacks high in protein, fat or carbohydrate, on food intake and energy intake (EI) in eight men with ad libitum access to a diet of fixed composition. Subjects were each studied four times in a 9 d protocol per treatment. On days 1–2, subjects were given a medium-fat maintenance diet estimated at 1·6 × resting metabolic rate (RMR). On days 3–9, subjects consumed three mandatory isoenergetic, isoenergetically dense (380 kJ/100 g) snacks at fixed time intervals (11.30, 15.30 and 19.30 hours). Total snack intake comprised 30 % of the subjects' estimated daily energy requirements. The treatments were high protein (HP), high carbohydrate (HC), high fat (HF) and no snack (NS). The order was randomized across subjects in a counterbalanced, Latin-square design. During the remainder of the day, subjects had ad libitum (meal size and frequency) access to a covertly manipulated medium-fat diet of fixed composition (fat: carbohydrate: protein, 40:47:13 by energy), energy density 550 kJ/100 g. All foods eaten were investigator-weighed before ingestion and left-overs were weighed after ingestion. Subjective hunger and satiety feelings were tracked hourly during waking hours using visual analogue scales. Ad libitum EI amounted to 13·9 MJ/d on the NS treatment compared with 11·7, 11·7 and 12·2 MJ/d on the HP, HC and HF diets respectively (F(3,21) 5·35; P = 0·007, sed 0·66). Total EI values were not significantly different at 14·6, 14·5, 15·0 and 14·2 MJ/d respectively. Snack composition did not differentially affect total daily food intake or EI. Average daily hunger was unaffected by the composition of the snacks. Only at 12.00 hours did subjects feel significantly more hungry during the NS condition, relative to the other dietary treatments (F(3,18) 4·42; P = 0·017). Body weight was unaffected by dietary treatment. In conclusion, snacking per se led to compensatory adjustments in feeding behaviour in lean men. Snack composition (with energy density controlled) did not affect the amount eaten of a diet of fixed composition. Results may differ in real life where subjects can alter both composition and amount of food they eat and energy density is not controlled.

Self-reported dietary energy intake of normal weight, overweight and obese adolescents

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivienne A Vance ◽  
Sarah J Woodruff ◽  
Linda J McCargar ◽  
Janice Husted ◽  
Rhona M Hanning
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
The Mean

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the present paper was to assess dietary energy reporting as a function of sex and weight status among Ontario and Alberta adolescents, using the ratio of energy intake (EI) to estimated BMR (BMRest).DesignData were collected using the FBQ, a validated web-based dietary assessment tool (including a 24 h dietary recall, FFQ, and food and physical activity behavioural questions). BMI was calculated from self-reported height and weight and participants were classified as normal weight, overweight or obese. BMR was calculated using the WHO equations (based on weight). Reporting status was identified using the ratio EI:BMRest.SettingData were collected in public, Catholic and private schools in Ontario and Alberta, Canada.SubjectsA total of 1917 (n876 male andn1041 female) students (n934 grade 9 andn984 grade 10) participated.ResultsThe mean EI:BMRestratio across all participants was 1·4 (sd0·6), providing evidence of under-reporting for the total sample. Females under-reported more than males (t= 6·27,P< 0·001), and under-reporting increased with increasing weight status for both males (F= 33·21,P< 0·001) and females (F= 14·28,P< 0·001). After removing those who reported eating less to lose weight, the EI:BMRestwas 1·56 (sd0·6) for males and 1·4 (sd0·6) for females.ConclusionThe present study highlights methodological challenges associated with self-reported dietary data. Systematic differences in under-reporting of dietary intake by gender and weight status were observed using a web-based survey, similar to observations made using paper-based 24 h recalls and dietitian interviews.

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