scholarly journals Sweet buttermilk intake reduces colonisation and translocation ofListeria monocytogenesin rats by inhibiting mucosal pathogen adherence

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 2026-2033 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Corinne Sprong ◽  
Marco F. E. Hulstein ◽  
Tim T. Lambers ◽  
Roelof van der Meer
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Dietary Adaptation ◽  
Buttermilk Powder

The bovine milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) contains several antimicrobial components with proven efficacyin vitro, butin vivoevidence is scarce. The present study was performed to determine the efficacy of the bovine MFGMin vivo.Rats were fed diets based on bovine skimmed milk powder (low in MFGM) or bovine sweet buttermilk powder (high in MFGM). After dietary adaptation, rats were orally infected withSalmonella enteritidisorListeria monocytogenes.Whereas sweet buttermilk powder did not protect rats against infection withS. enteritidis, it protected againstL. monocytogenes, as shown by a lower colonisation and translocation of this pathogen. Protection coincided with higher listericidal capacity of gastric and caecal contents. The digestion products of phosphoglycerides and sphingomyelin are bactericidalin vitro.To study their role, rats were fed diets containing either 0·1 % phosphatidylcholine or sphingomyelin, or a control diet. After dietary adaptation, rats were infected withL. monocytogenes.SinceListeriacolonisation was not affected by these diets, phosphoglycerides and sphingomyelin are not involved in the protective effect of sweet buttermilk. Additionalin vitroexperiments were performed to further explore the mechanism of the beneficial effects of sweet buttermilk. Inhibition of the adherence ofL. monocytogenesto the intestinal mucosa is the most likely explanation, since sweet buttermilk powder inhibited the binding ofL. monocytogenesin both a haemagglutination assay and a Caco-2 cell adherence assay. In conclusion, sweet buttermilk powder, which is rich in MFGM, protects againstL. monocytogenesinfection in rats, probably by preventing adherence of this pathogen to the intestinal mucosa.

scholarly journals Bovine Milk-Derived Emulsifiers Increase Triglyceride Absorption in Newborn Formula-Fed Pigs

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine Bach Korsholm Knudsen ◽  
Christine Heerup ◽  
Tine Røngaard Stange Jensen ◽  
Xiaolu Geng ◽  
Nikolaj Drachmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Lipid Absorption ◽  
Lipid Digestion ◽  
Soy Lecithin ◽  
Neonatal Piglets ◽  
Milk Fat Globule Membranes

Efficient lipid digestion in formula-fed infants is required to ensure the availability of fatty acids for normal organ development. Previous studies suggest that the efficiency of lipid digestion may depend on whether lipids are emulsified with soy lecithin or fractions derived from bovine milk. This study, therefore, aimed to determine whether emulsification with bovine milk-derived emulsifiers or soy lecithin (SL) influenced lipid digestion in vitro and in vivo. Lipid digestibility was determined in vitro in oil-in-water emulsions using four different milk-derived emulsifiers or SL, and the ultrastructural appearance of the emulsions was assessed using electron microscopy. Subsequently, selected emulsions were added to a base diet and fed to preterm neonatal piglets. Initially, preterm pigs equipped with an ileostomy were fed experimental formulas for seven days and stoma output was collected quantitatively. Next, lipid absorption kinetics was studied in preterm pigs given pure emulsions. Finally, complete formulas with different emulsions were fed for four days, and the post-bolus plasma triglyceride level was determined. Milk-derived emulsifiers (containing protein and phospholipids from milk fat globule membranes and extracellular vesicles) showed increased effects on fat digestion compared to SL in an in vitro digestion model. Further, milk-derived emulsifiers significantly increased the digestion of triglyceride in the preterm piglet model compared with SL. Ultra-structural images indicated a more regular and smooth surface of fat droplets emulsified with milk-derived emulsifiers relative to SL. We conclude that, relative to SL, milk-derived emulsifiers lead to a different surface ultrastructure on the lipid droplets, and increase lipid digestion.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-inflammatory Activity of Bovine Milkfat Globule (MFGM)-derived Complex Lipid Fractions

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2089
Author(s):  
Kate P. Palmano ◽  
Alastair K. H. MacGibbon ◽  
Caroline A. Gunn ◽  
Linda M. Schollum
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Milk Fat Globule ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Numerous health related properties have been reported for bovine milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and its components. Here we present novel data on the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of various MFGM preparations which confirm and extend the concept of MFGM as a dietary anti-inflammatory agent. Cell-based assays were used to test the ability of MFGM preparations to modulate levels of the inflammatory mediators IL-1β, nitric oxide, superoxide anion, cyclo-oxygenase-2, and neutrophil elastase. In rat models of arthritis, using MFGM fractions as dietary interventions, the phospholipid-enriched MFGM isolates were effective in reducing adjuvant-induced paw swelling while there was a tendency for the ganglioside-enriched isolate to reduce carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema. These results indicate that the anti-inflammatory activity of MFGM, rather than residing in a single component, is contributed to by an array of components acting in concert against various inflammatory targets. This confirms the potential of MFGM as a nutritional intervention for the mitigation of chronic and acute inflammatory conditions.

scholarly journals Casein glycomacropeptide in the diet may reduceEscherichia coliattachment to the intestinal mucosa and increase the intestinal lactobacilli of early weaned piglets after an enterotoxigenicE. coliK88 challenge

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (6) ◽  
pp. 1001-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Gustavo Hermes ◽  
Francesc Molist ◽  
José Francisco Pérez ◽  
Arantza Gómez de Segura ◽  
Mauro Ywazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Ileal Mucosa ◽  
Epithelial Surface ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Diet Control

Casein glycomacropeptide (CGMP), a glycoprotein originating during cheese manufacture, has shown promising effects by promoting the growth of some beneficial bacteriain vitro, although its activity has not been well explored. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of CGMP against enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC) K88in vitro(Trial 1) andin vivo(Trial 2). In Trial 1, increasing concentrations of CGMP (0, 0·5, 1·5 or 2·5 mg/ml) were tested regarding its ability to block the attachment of ETEC K88 to ileal mucosa tissues obtained from piglets. Increasing the concentration of CGMP resulted in a gradual decrease in ETEC K88 attachment to the epithelial surface. In Trial 2, seventy-two piglets were distributed in a 2 × 2 factorial combination including or omitting CGMP in the diet (control dietv.CGMP) and challenged or not with ETEC K88 (yesv.no). Inclusion of CGMP increased crude protein, ammonia and isoacid concentrations in colon digesta. CGMP also increased lactobacilli numbers in ileum and colon digesta, and reduced enterobacteria counts in mucosa scrapings and the percentage of villi withE. coliadherence measured by fluorescencein situhybridisation. The inclusion of CGMP in the diets of challenged animals also prevented the increase of enterobacteria in ileal digesta. We can conclude that CGMP may improve gut health by diminishing the adhesion of ETEC K88 to the intestinal mucosa, by increasing the lactobacilli population in the intestine and by reducing the overgrowth of enterobacteria in the digestive tract of piglets after an ETEC K88 challenge.

scholarly journals Bactericidal Activities of Milk Lipids

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 1298-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Corinne Sprong ◽  
Marco F. E. Hulstein ◽  
Roelof Van der Meer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Milk Lipids ◽  
Bactericidal Activities

ABSTRACT The bactericidal capacity of digestion products of bovine milk triglycerides and membrane lipids was tested in vitro usingEscherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enteritidis, Campylobacter jejuni, Listeria monocytogenes, andClostridium perfringens. C10:0 and C12:0 fatty acids and digestion products of sphingolipids appeared to be effective bactericidal agents, whereas digestion products of phosphoglycerides were moderately bactericidal. Thus, milk fat sphingolipids and triglycerides, particularly those containing C10:0 and C12:0 fatty acids, may protect against food-borne gastroenteritis.

Activation of isolated heterophils from chicks stimulated in vivo with salmonella enteritidis-immune lymphokines

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 760-761
Author(s):  
R. B. Moyes ◽  
R. E. Droleskey ◽  
M. H. Kogut ◽  
J. R. DeLoach
Keyword(s):  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽  
Subclinical Infection ◽  
Egg Products ◽  
Immune Lymphokines ◽  
Organ Invasion

Salmonella enteritidis (SE) is of great concern to the poultry industry due to the organism's ability to penetrate the intestinal mucosa of the laying hen and subsequently colonize the ovaries and yolk membrane. The resultant subclinical infection can lead to SE infection of raw eggs and egg products. Interference with the ability of the organism to invade has been linked to the activation and recruitment of inflammatory polymorphonuclear cells, heterophils, to the lamina propria of the intestinal tract.Recently it has been established that heterophil activation and increased resistance to SE organ invasion can be accomplished by the administration of SE-immune lymphokines (SE-ILK) obtained from supernatants of concanavalin-A stimulated SE immune T lymphocytes from SE hyperimmunized hens. Invasion of SE into the lamina propria provides a secondary signal for directing activated heterophils to the site of SE invasion.

scholarly journals Rho GTPases as Key Molecular Players within Intestinal Mucosa and GI Diseases

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Rashmita Pradhan ◽  
Phuong A. Ngo ◽  
Luz d. C. Martínez-Sánchez ◽  
Markus F. Neurath ◽  
Rocío López-Posadas
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Rho Gtpases ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Rho Proteins

Rho proteins operate as key regulators of the cytoskeleton, cell morphology and trafficking. Acting as molecular switches, the function of Rho GTPases is determined by guanosine triphosphate (GTP)/guanosine diphosphate (GDP) exchange and their lipidation via prenylation, allowing their binding to cellular membranes and the interaction with downstream effector proteins in close proximity to the membrane. A plethora of in vitro studies demonstrate the indispensable function of Rho proteins for cytoskeleton dynamics within different cell types. However, only in the last decades we have got access to genetically modified mouse models to decipher the intricate regulation between members of the Rho family within specific cell types in the complex in vivo situation. Translationally, alterations of the expression and/or function of Rho GTPases have been associated with several pathological conditions, such as inflammation and cancer. In the context of the GI tract, the continuous crosstalk between the host and the intestinal microbiota requires a tight regulation of the complex interaction between cellular components within the intestinal tissue. Recent studies demonstrate that Rho GTPases play important roles for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis in the gut. We will summarize the current knowledge on Rho protein function within individual cell types in the intestinal mucosa in vivo, with special focus on intestinal epithelial cells and T cells.

In vitro and in vivo pathogenicity of Salmonella enteritidis clinical strains isolated from North America

2011 ◽  
Vol 193 (11) ◽  
pp. 811-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devendra H. Shah ◽  
Xiaohui Zhou ◽  
Tarek Addwebi ◽  
Margaret A. Davis ◽  
Douglas R. Call
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Clinical Strains

Immunomodulatory activities of whey fractions in efferent prefemoral lymph of sheep

1996 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun W. Wong ◽  
Geoffrey O. Regester ◽  
Geoffrey L. Francis ◽  
Dennis L. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Milk Whey ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lymphocyte Phenotypes ◽  
Dose Dependent

SummaryStudies on the immunomodulatory activities of ruminant milk and colostral whey fractions were undertaken. By comparing with boiled colostral whey in a preliminary experiment, a putative heat-labile immunostimulatory factor for antibody responses was found to be present in ovine colostral whey. Studies were then undertaken in sheep in which the efferent prefemoral lymphatic ducts were cannulated bilaterally, and immune responses in the node were measured following subcutaneous injection in the flank fold of whey protein preparations of various purities. A significant sustained decline of efferent lymphocyte output was observed following injection with autologous crude milk whey or colostral whey preparations, but no changes were observed in interferon-gamma levels in lymph plasma. Two bovine milk whey fractions (lactoperoxidase and lactoferrin) of high purity were compared in bilaterally cannulated sheep. A transient decline over the first 6 h was seen in the efferent lymphocyte output and lymph flow rate after injection of both fractions. A significant difference was seen between the two fractions in interferongamma levels in lymph at 6 h after injection. However, no significant changes in the proportion of the various efferent lymphocyte phenotypes were seen following either treatment. Whereas both fractions showed a significant inhibitory effect in a dose-dependent manner on the proliferative response of T lymphocytes, but not B lymphocytes, to mitogenic stimulation in vitro, no similar changes were seen following in vivo stimulation with these two fractions.

Increased Renal Sensitivity to Aldosterone in the Potassium-Loaded Rat

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 315s-317s
Author(s):  
W. R. Adam ◽  
J. W. Funder
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Low Sodium Diet ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
High K ◽  
And Control

1. The renal response to aldosterone (urinary sodium and potassium excretion) was determined in adrenalectomized rats previously fed either a high potassium diet or a control diet. High K+ rats showed an enhanced response to aldosterone at all doses tested. 2. This enhanced response to aldosterone required the presence of the adrenal glands during the induction period, could be suppressed by a high sodium intake, but could not be induced by a low sodium diet. 3. No difference between high K+ and control rats could be detected in renal mineralocorticoid receptors, assessed by both in vivo and in vitro binding of tritiated aldosterone. 4. The method of the induction, and the mechanism of the enhanced response, remain to be defined.

Bovine Milk Exosomes Alleviate Cardiac Fibrosis via Enhancing Angiogenesis In Vivo and In Vitro

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengliang Zhang ◽  
Xiaoxu Lu ◽  
Jiajia Hu ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
Jianqin Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Fibrosis ◽  
Bovine Milk
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